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DBMS Notes BCA

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including definitions, advantages, and comparisons with file systems. It covers types of DBMS, database models, keys, normalization, SQL commands, E-R modeling, transaction properties, indexing, and database users. Key concepts such as data redundancy, security, and ACID properties are also highlighted.

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Paras Parsodkar
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43 views3 pages

DBMS Notes BCA

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), including definitions, advantages, and comparisons with file systems. It covers types of DBMS, database models, keys, normalization, SQL commands, E-R modeling, transaction properties, indexing, and database users. Key concepts such as data redundancy, security, and ACID properties are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

Paras Parsodkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS Notes for BCA

1. Introduction to DBMS

DBMS: Software that manages databases. Allows users to store, retrieve, and manipulate data.

Database: Organized collection of related data.

Examples: MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server, PostgreSQL.

2. Advantages of DBMS

Reduces data redundancy.

Ensures data consistency.

Supports data sharing.

Provides backup and recovery.

Enforces security and authorization.

3. DBMS vs File System

File System vs DBMS:

- Data Redundancy: High (File System), Low (DBMS)

- Security: Low (File System), High (DBMS)

- Backup/Recovery: Manual (File System), Automatic (DBMS)

- Integrity: Poor (File System), Strong (DBMS)

4. Types of DBMS

Hierarchical DBMS

Network DBMS

Relational DBMS (RDBMS)

Object-Oriented DBMS

5. Database Models

Hierarchical Model
Network Model

Relational Model

Entity-Relationship Model (E-R Model)

6. Keys in DBMS

Primary Key: Uniquely identifies a record.

Foreign Key: Refers to a primary key in another table.

Candidate Key: A set of attributes that can qualify as a primary key.

Super Key: A set of one or more attributes that uniquely identify a record.

7. Normalization

Process of organizing data to reduce redundancy.

Normal Forms:

1NF: No repeating groups.

2NF: No partial dependency.

3NF: No transitive dependency.

BCNF: Stronger version of 3NF.

8. SQL (Structured Query Language)

DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP

DML: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

DCL: GRANT, REVOKE

TCL: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT

9. E-R Model

Used to design databases.

Includes entities, attributes, and relationships.

Represented using ER Diagrams.

10. Transactions and Concurrency Control


Transaction: A sequence of operations.

ACID Properties:

- Atomicity

- Consistency

- Isolation

- Durability

Concurrency Control: Prevents conflicts when multiple users access data at the same time.

11. Indexing

Improves the speed of data retrieval.

Types: Primary Index, Secondary Index, Clustered, Non-clustered.

12. Database Users

DBA (Database Administrator)

Application Programmers

End Users

System Analysts

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