INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8504-2
Third edition
2019-10
Preparation of steel substrates before
application of paints and related
products — Surface preparation
methods —
Part 2:
Abrasive blast-cleaning
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Préparation des subjectiles d'acier avant application de peintures et
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de produits assimilés — Méthodes de préparation des subjectiles —
PartieISO2: Décapage
8504-2:2019par projection d'abrasif
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Reference number
ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
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ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Abrasives........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.1 Materials and types.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.2 General requirements........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.2.1 Technical.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.2.2 Health and safety.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.3 Selection considerations.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5 Abrasive blast-cleaning methods......................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 Dry abrasive blast-cleaning........................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1.1 Centrifugal abrasive blast-cleaning.................................................................................................................. 5
5.1.2 Compressed-air abrasive blast-cleaning...................................................................................................... 6
5.1.3 Vacuum or suction-head abrasive blast-cleaning................................................................................. 6
5.2 Wet abrasive blast-cleaning.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2.2 Moisture-injection abrasive blast-cleaning (compressed-air moisture-
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injection abrasive blast- cleaning)..................................................................................................................... 7
5.2.3 Compressed-air wet abrasive blast-cleaning........................................................................................... 8
5.2.4
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Slurry blast-cleaning..................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2.5 Pressurized-liquid blast-cleaning...................................................................................................................... 9
ISO 8504-2:2019
6 Procedure.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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6.1 Preparation before blast-cleaning a812368cfa45/iso-8504-2-2019 ........................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Blast-cleaning............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
6.3 After blast-cleaning........................................................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Assessment of the blast-cleaned surface..................................................................................................................................10
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
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ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/
iso/foreword.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 12, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products.
ISO 8504-2:2019
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This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8504-2:2000), which has been technically
a812368cfa45/iso-8504-2-2019
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— update of Clause 2, normative references;
— editorial revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8504 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
Introduction
The performance of protective coatings of paint and related products applied to steel is significantly
affected by the state of the steel surface immediately prior to painting. The principal factors that are
known to influence this performance are
— the presence of rust and mill scale,
— the presence of surface contaminants, including salts, dust, oils and greases, and
— the surface profile.
The ISO 8501 series, the ISO 8502 series and the ISO 8503 series provide methods for assessing these
factors, while the ISO 8504 series provides requirements and guidance on the preparation methods
that are available for cleaning steel substrates, indicating the capabilities of each in attaining specified
levels of cleanliness.
The ISO 8504 series is applicable to new and corroded steel surfaces and to steel surfaces that are
uncoated or have been previously coated with paints and related products.
These International Standards do not contain provisions for the protective coating system to be applied
to the steel surface. They do not contain provisions for the surface quality requirements for specific
situations even though surface quality can have a direct influence on the choice of protective coating
to be applied and on its performance. Such provisions are found in other documents such as national
standards and codes of practice. Users of these International Standards should ensure the qualities
specified are iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— compatible and appropriate (standards.iteh.ai)
both for the environmental conditions to which the steel will be exposed
and for the protective coating system to be used, and
ISO 8504-2:2019
— within the capability of the cleaning procedure specified.
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The primary objective of surface preparation is to ensure the removal of deleterious matter and to
obtain a surface that permits satisfactory adhesion of the priming paint to steel. It is also intended to
assist in reducing the amounts of contaminants that initiate corrosion.
Abrasive blast-cleaning is a most effective method for mechanical surface preparation. It is widely
applicable because this method of surface preparation has a number of versatile features listed below.
— The method allows a high production rate.
— The equipment can be stationary or mobile and is adaptable to the objects to be cleaned.
— The method is applicable to most types and forms of steel surface.
— Many different surface states can be produced, for example different preparation grades and surface
profiles.
— Effects such as cleaning, peening, roughening, levelling and lapping can be produced.
— It is possible to remove selectively partly failed coatings, leaving sound coatings intact.
— Abrasive ricochet (rebound) enables the cleaning of otherwise inaccessible areas.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints
and related products — Surface preparation methods —
Part 2:
Abrasive blast-cleaning
1 Scope
This document specifies abrasive blast-cleaning methods for the preparation of steel surfaces before
coating with paints and related products. It provides information on the effectiveness of the individual
methods and their fields of application. It describes the equipment to use and the procedure to follow.
NOTE These methods are essentially intended for hot-rolled steel to remove mill scale, rust, etc. but could
also be used for cold-rolled steel of sufficient thickness to withstand the deformation caused by the impact of
abrasive.
2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
(standards.iteh.ai)
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4628-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and
ISO 8504-2:2019
size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting
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ISO 8501 (all parts), Preparation ofa812368cfa45/iso-8504-2-2019
steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness
ISO 8502 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness
ISO 8503 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates
ISO 11124 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
ISO 11126 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://w ww.electropedia.org/
3.1
abrasive blast-cleaning
impingement of a high-kinetic-energy stream of abrasive onto the surface to be prepared
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ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
3.2
blast-cleaning abrasive
solid material intended to be used for abrasive blast-cleaning (3.1)
3.3
shot
particle that is predominantly round, that has a length of less than twice the maximum particle width
and that does not have edges, broken faces or other sharp surface defects
3.4
grit
particle that is predominantly angular, that has fractured faces and sharp edges and that is less than
half-round in shape
3.5
cylindrical
particle that is sharp-edged, that has a diameter-to-length ratio of 1:1 and that is cut so that its faces are
approximately at right angles to their centreline
4 Abrasives
4.1 Materials and types
4.1.1 A wide variety of natural and synthetic solid materials are used for abrasive blast-cleaning. Solid
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materials commonly in use for the preparation of steel surfaces before coating are given in Table 1. Each
material provides a characteristic performance and surface finish.
(standards.iteh.ai)
When selecting a blast-cleaning abrasive, the following factors relating to its initial condition shall be
taken into account: ISO 8504-2:2019
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— sub-group and type (see Table 1); a812368cfa45/iso-8504-2-2019
— indication of chemical composition;
— range of particle size (see 4.1.2);
— particle hardness (for example Vickers, Rockwell or Mohs, or as measured by another appropriate
method).
NOTE The ISO 11124 series, the ISO 11125 series, the ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series are
International Standards on metallic and non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 8504-2:2019(E)
4.1.2 The size and shape of the particles of an abrasive might change during use or re-use and this
change can affect the resultant surface texture of the blast-cleaned steel.
Table 1 — Commonly used blast-cleaning abrasives for steel substrate preparation
Type Abbreviation Initial Comparatora Remarks
particle
shape
(see
Table 2)
Metallic (M) Cast iron Chilled M/CI G G Mainly
blast-cleaning for com-
abrasivesc pressed-air
blast-clean-
ing
Cast steel High-carbon M/HCS S or G Sb or G Mainly for
Low-carbon M/LCS S S centrifugal
blast-clean-
Cut steel — M/CW C Sb ing
wire
Non-me- Natural Olivine N/OL G G Mainly
tallic (N) Staurolite N/ST S G for com-
blast-cleaning pressed-air
abrasivesc Almandite garnet N/GA G G blast-clean-
ing
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Synthetic Iron slag
(Calcium
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N/FE1 G G Mainly
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silicate) for com-
pressed-air
Steel slag (Calcium N/FE2 G/S
silicate) blast-clean-
ISO 8504-2:2019 ing
Copper re- (Iron N/CU G/S
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finery slag a812368cfa45/iso-8504-2-2019
silicate)
Nickel slag (Iron silicate) N/NI1 G
Ferronickel (Magnesium N/NI2 G/S
slag silicate)
Coal fur- (Aluminium N/CS G
nace slag silicate)
Fused aluminium oxide N/FA G G —
Key
M: Metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
N: Non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives
a Comparator to be used when assessing the resultant surface profile. The method for evaluating the surface
profile by comparator is described in ISO 8503-2.
b Certain types of abrasive rapidly change their shape when used, depending on hardness. As soon as this hap-
pens, the appearance of the surface profile changes and becomes closer to that of the "shot" comparator.
c International Standards for the range of abrasives given here are the ISO 11124 series for metallic
blast-cleaning abrasives, and the ISO 11126 series for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
Table 2 — Initial particle shape
Designation and initial particle shape Abbreviation
Shot — round S
Grit — angular, irregular G
Cylindrical — sharp-edged C
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