Machine Learning Part 03

1. 2D Line Plot in Matplotlib

2. ScatterPlot and Bar Chart in Matplotlib
3. Histogram and Pie chart in Matplotlib
4. Advanced Matplotlib (part-1)
5. Advanced Matplotlib (part-2)
6. Heatmap
7. Visualization with Pandas Plot Function
8. Seaborn
9. Distribution Plots in Seaborn
10. Matrix Plot
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2D Line Plot in Matplotlib

Firstly,

What is Matplotlib?

Matplotlib is a popular data visualization library in Python. It provides a wide range of tools
for creating various types of plots and charts, making it a valuable tool for data analysis,
scientific research, and data presentation. Matplotlib allows you to create high-quality,
customizable plots and figures for a variety of purposes, including line plots, bar charts,
scatter plots, histograms, and more.

Matplotlib is highly customizable and can be used to control almost every aspect of your
plots, from the colors and styles to labels and legends. It provides both a functional and an
object-oriented interface for creating plots, making it suitable for a wide range of users,
from beginners to advanced data scientists and researchers.

Matplotlib can be used in various contexts, including Jupyter notebooks, standalone Python
scripts, and integration with web applications and GUI frameworks. It also works well with
other Python libraries commonly used in data analysis and scientific computing, such as
NumPy and Pandas.

To use Matplotlib, you typically need to import the library in your Python code, create the
desired plot or chart, and then display or save it as needed. Here's a simple example of
creating a basic line plot using Matplotlib:

In [ ]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

In [ ]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 10]

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# Create a line plot
plt.plot(x, y)

# Add labels and a title

plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Line Plot')

# Show the plot

plt.show()

This is just a basic introduction to Matplotlib. The library is quite versatile, and you can
explore its documentation and tutorials to learn more about its capabilities and how to
create various types of visualizations for your data.

Line Plot

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A 2D line plot is one of the most common types of plots in Matplotlib. It's used to visualize
data with two continuous variables, typically representing one variable on the x-axis and
another on the y-axis, and connecting the data points with lines. This type of plot is useful
for showing trends, relationships, or patterns in data over a continuous range.

Bivariate Analysis
categorical -> numerical and numerical -> numerical
Use case - Time series data

In [ ]: # plotting simple graphs

price = [48000,54000,57000,49000,47000,45000]
year = [2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020]

plt.plot(year,price)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x28b7c3742e0>]
Out[ ]:

Real-world Dataset
In [ ]: batsman = pd.read_csv('Data\Day45\sharma-kohli.csv')

In [ ]: batsman.head()

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Out[ ]: index RG Sharma V Kohli

0 2008 404 165

1 2009 362 246

2 2010 404 307

3 2011 372 557

4 2012 433 364

In [ ]: # plot the graph

plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x28b7c40ca60>]
Out[ ]:

Multiple Plots:
It's possible to create multiple lines on a single plot, making it easy to compare multiple
datasets or variables. In the example, both Rohit Sharma's and Virat Kohli's career runs are
plotted on the same graph.

In [ ]: # plotting multiple plots

plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'])

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x28b7d4e2610>]
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # labels title
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'])
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'])

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

Out[ ]:

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11/3/23, 11:21 PM Day46 - 2D line plot in Matplotlib

colors(hex) and line(width and style) and marker(size)

In [ ]: #colors
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='Red')
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='Purple')

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

Out[ ]:

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You can specify different colors for each line in the plot. In the example, colors like 'Red' and
'Purple' are used to differentiate the lines.

In [ ]: # linestyle and linewidth

plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='Orange',linestyle='solid',linew
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='Red',linestyle='dashdot',line

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

Out[ ]:

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You can change the style and width of the lines. Common line styles include 'solid,' 'dotted,'
'dashed,' etc. In the example, 'solid' and 'dashdot' line styles are used.

In [ ]: # Marker
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',line
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

Text(0, 0.5, 'Runs Scored')

Out[ ]:

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Markers are used to highlight data points on the line plot. You can customize markers' style
and size. In the example, markers like 'D' and 'o' are used with different colors.

In [ ]: # grid
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',line
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

plt.grid()

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Adding a grid to the plot can make it easier to read and interpret the data. The grid helps in
aligning the data points with the tick marks on the axes.

In [ ]: # show
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['V Kohli'],color='#D9F10F',linestyle='solid',line
plt.plot(batsman['index'],batsman['RG Sharma'],color='#FC00D6',linestyle='dashdot',

plt.title('Rohit Sharma Vs Virat Kohli Career Comparison')

plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('Runs Scored')

plt.grid()

plt.show()

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11/3/23, 11:21 PM Day46 - 2D line plot in Matplotlib

After customizing your plot, you can use plt.show() to display it. This command is often used
in Jupyter notebooks or standalone Python scripts.

2D line plots are valuable for visualizing time series data, comparing trends in multiple
datasets, and exploring the relationship between two continuous variables. Customization
options in Matplotlib allow you to create visually appealing and informative plots for data
analysis and presentation.

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11/5/23, 5:30 PM Day47 - scatterplot and Bar plot in Matplotlib

ScatterPlot and Bar Chart in Matplotlib

A scatter plot, also known as a scatterplot or scatter chart, is a type of data visualization used
in statistics and data analysis. It's used to display the relationship between two variables by
representing individual data points as points on a two-dimensional graph. Each point on the
plot corresponds to a single data entry with values for both variables, making it a useful tool
for identifying patterns, trends, clusters, or outliers in data.

Bivariate Analysis
numerical vs numerical
Use case - Finding correlation

In [ ]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])

plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()

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In [ ]: #day one, the age and speed of 13 cars:

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
plt.scatter(x, y)

#day two, the age and speed of 15 cars:

x = np.array([2,2,8,1,15,8,12,9,7,3,11,4,7,14,12])
y = np.array([100,105,84,105,90,99,90,95,94,100,79,112,91,80,85])
plt.scatter(x, y)

plt.show()

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In [ ]: # plt.scatter simple function

x = np.linspace(-10,10,50)

y = 10*x + 3 + np.random.randint(0,300,50)
y

array([-70. , 127.08163265, 187.16326531, 6.24489796,

Out[ ]:
164.32653061, 119.40816327, 146.48979592, 189.57142857,
208.65306122, 169.73469388, 173.81632653, 200.89795918,
187.97959184, -8.93877551, 55.14285714, 162.2244898 ,
40.30612245, 12.3877551 , 218.46938776, 169.55102041,
193.63265306, 78.71428571, 9.79591837, 171.87755102,
113.95918367, 168.04081633, 255.12244898, 233.20408163,
150.28571429, 265.36734694, 202.44897959, 321.53061224,
142.6122449 , 324.69387755, 246.7755102 , 343.85714286,
220.93877551, 81.02040816, 111.10204082, 185.18367347,
66.26530612, 193.34693878, 323.42857143, 248.51020408,
177.59183673, 225.67346939, 370.75510204, 277.83673469,
218.91836735, 360. ])

In [ ]: plt.scatter(x,y)

<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x264627ccc70>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

In [ ]: # plt.scatter on pandas data

df = pd.read_csv('Data\Day47\Batter.csv')
df = df.head(20)
df

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Out[ ]: batter runs avg strike_rate

0 V Kohli 6634 36.251366 125.977972

1 S Dhawan 6244 34.882682 122.840842

2 DA Warner 5883 41.429577 136.401577

3 RG Sharma 5881 30.314433 126.964594

4 SK Raina 5536 32.374269 132.535312

5 AB de Villiers 5181 39.853846 148.580442

6 CH Gayle 4997 39.658730 142.121729

7 MS Dhoni 4978 39.196850 130.931089

8 RV Uthappa 4954 27.522222 126.152279

9 KD Karthik 4377 26.852761 129.267572

10 G Gambhir 4217 31.007353 119.665153

11 AT Rayudu 4190 28.896552 124.148148

12 AM Rahane 4074 30.863636 117.575758

13 KL Rahul 3895 46.927711 132.799182

14 SR Watson 3880 30.793651 134.163209

15 MK Pandey 3657 29.731707 117.739858

16 SV Samson 3526 29.140496 132.407060

17 KA Pollard 3437 28.404959 140.457703

18 F du Plessis 3403 34.373737 127.167414

19 YK Pathan 3222 29.290909 138.046272

In [ ]: # marker
plt.scatter(df['avg'],df['strike_rate'],color='red',marker='+')
plt.title('Avg and SR analysis of Top 50 Batsman')
plt.xlabel('Average')
plt.ylabel('SR')

Text(0, 0.5, 'SR')

Out[ ]:

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Scatter plots are particularly useful for visualizing the distribution of data, identifying
correlations or relationships between variables, and spotting outliers. You can adjust the
appearance and characteristics of the scatter plot to suit your needs, including marker size,
color, and transparency. This makes scatter plots a versatile tool for data exploration and
analysis.

Bar plot

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A bar plot, also known as a bar chart or bar graph, is a type of data visualization that is used
to represent categorical data with rectangular bars. Each bar's length or height is
proportional to the value it represents. Bar plots are typically used to compare and display
the relative sizes or quantities of different categories or groups.

Bivariate Analysis
Numerical vs Categorical
Use case - Aggregate analysis of groups

In [ ]: # simple bar chart

children = [10,20,40,10,30]
colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow','pink']

plt.bar(colors,children,color='Purple')

<BarContainer object of 5 artists>

Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # horizontal bar chart

plt.barh(colors,children,color='Orange')

<BarContainer object of 5 artists>

Out[ ]:

In [ ]: # color and label

df = pd.read_csv('Data\Day47\Batsman_season.csv')
df

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Out[ ]: batsman 2015 2016 2017

0 AB de Villiers 513 687 216

1 DA Warner 562 848 641

2 MS Dhoni 372 284 290

3 RG Sharma 482 489 333

4 V Kohli 505 973 308

In [ ]: plt.bar(np.arange(df.shape[0]) - 0.2,df['2015'],width=0.2,color='yellow')
plt.bar(np.arange(df.shape[0]),df['2016'],width=0.2,color='red')
plt.bar(np.arange(df.shape[0]) + 0.2,df['2017'],width=0.2,color='blue')

plt.xticks(np.arange(df.shape[0]), df['batsman'])

plt.show()

Bar plots are useful for comparing the values of different categories and for showing the
distribution of data within each category. They are commonly used in various fields,
including business, economics, and data analysis, to make comparisons and convey
information about categorical data. You can customize bar plots to make them more visually
appealing and informative.

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11/6/23, 11:47 AM Day48 - Histogram and pie chart in Matplotlib

Histogram and Pie chart in Matplotlib

Histogram

A histogram is a type of chart that shows the distribution of numerical data. It's a graphical
representation of data where data is grouped into continuous number ranges and each
range corresponds to a vertical bar. The horizontal axis displays the number range, and the
vertical axis (frequency) represents the amount of data that is present in each range.

A histogram is a set of rectangles with bases along with the intervals between class
boundaries and with areas proportional to frequencies in the corresponding classes. The x-
axis of the graph represents the class interval, and the y-axis shows the various frequencies
corresponding to different class intervals. A histogram is a type of data visualization used to
represent the distribution of a dataset, especially when dealing with continuous or numeric
data. It displays the frequency or count of data points falling into specific intervals or "bins"
along a continuous range. Histograms provide insights into the shape, central tendency, and
spread of a dataset.

Univariate Analysis
Numerical col
Use case - Frequency Count

In [ ]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

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In [ ]: # simple data

data = [32,45,56,10,15,27,61]

plt.hist(data,bins=[10,25,40,55,70])

(array([2., 2., 1., 2.]),

Out[ ]:
array([10., 25., 40., 55., 70.]),
<BarContainer object of 4 artists>)

In [ ]: # on some data
df = pd.read_csv('Data\Day48\Vk.csv')
df

Out[ ]: match_id batsman_runs

0 12 62

1 17 28

2 20 64

3 27 0

4 30 10

... ... ...

136 624 75

137 626 113

138 632 54

139 633 0

140 636 54

141 rows × 2 columns

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In [ ]: plt.hist(df['batsman_runs'])
plt.show()

In [ ]: # handling bins
plt.hist(df['batsman_runs'],bins=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120],color='
plt.show()

Pie Chart

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A pie chart is a circular graph that's divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. The
slices of the pie show the relative size of the data. The arc length of each slice, and
consequently its central angle and area, is proportional to the quantity it represents.

All slices of the pie add up to make the whole equaling 100 percent and 360 degrees. Pie
charts are often used to represent sample data. Each of these categories is represented as a
“slice of the pie”. The size of each slice is directly proportional to the number of data points
that belong to a particular category.

Univariate/Bivariate Analysis
Categorical vs numerical
Use case - To find contibution on a standard scale

In [ ]: # simple data
data = [23,45,100,20,49]
subjects = ['eng','science','maths','sst','hindi']
plt.pie(data,labels=subjects)

plt.show()

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In [ ]: # dataset
df = pd.read_csv('Data\Day48\Gayle-175.csv')
df

Out[ ]: batsman batsman_runs

0 AB de Villiers 31

1 CH Gayle 175

2 R Rampaul 0

3 SS Tiwary 2

4 TM Dilshan 33

5 V Kohli 11

In [ ]: plt.pie(df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],autopct='%0.1f%%')
plt.show()

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In [ ]: # percentage and colors

plt.pie(df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],autopct='%0.1f%%',colors=['blue','g
plt.show()

In [ ]: # explode shadow
plt.pie(df['batsman_runs'],labels=df['batsman'],autopct='%0.1f%%',explode=[0.3,0,0,
plt.show()

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Matplotlib Doc Website :

https://matplotlib.org/stable/

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11/7/23, 11:23 AM Day49 - Advanced Matplotlib(part1)

Advanced Matplotlib(part-1)
In [ ]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Colored Scatterplots
In [ ]: iris = pd.read_csv('Data\Day49\iris.csv')
iris.sample(5)

Out[ ]: Id SepalLengthCm SepalWidthCm PetalLengthCm PetalWidthCm Species

146 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 Iris-virginica

123 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 Iris-virginica

78 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 Iris-versicolor

127 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 Iris-virginica

143 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 Iris-virginica

In [ ]: iris['Species'] = iris['Species'].replace({'Iris-setosa':0,'Iris-versicolor':1,'Iri
iris.sample(5)

Out[ ]: Id SepalLengthCm SepalWidthCm PetalLengthCm PetalWidthCm Species

90 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 1

25 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 0

89 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 1

95 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 1

148 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 2

In [ ]: plt.scatter(iris['SepalLengthCm'],iris['PetalLengthCm'],c=iris['Species'])
plt.xlabel('Sepal Length')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1ec76de6880>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # cmap
plt.scatter(iris['SepalLengthCm'],iris['PetalLengthCm'],c=iris['Species'],cmap='jet
plt.xlabel('Sepal Length')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1ec75d12f10>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # alpha
plt.scatter(iris['SepalLengthCm'],iris['PetalLengthCm'],c=iris['Species'],cmap='jet
plt.xlabel('Sepal Length')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1ec76e54790>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: # plot size
plt.figure(figsize=(15,7))

plt.scatter(iris['SepalLengthCm'],iris['PetalLengthCm'],c=iris['Species'],cmap='jet
plt.xlabel('Sepal Length')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x1ec76f3bf40>
Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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Annotations
In [ ]: batters = pd.read_csv('Data\Day49\Batter.csv')

In [ ]: sample_df = batters.head(100).sample(25,random_state=5)

In [ ]: sample_df

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Out[ ]: batter runs avg strike_rate

66 KH Pandya 1326 22.100000 132.203390

32 SE Marsh 2489 39.507937 130.109775

46 JP Duminy 2029 39.784314 120.773810

28 SA Yadav 2644 29.707865 134.009123

74 IK Pathan 1150 21.698113 116.751269

23 JC Buttler 2832 39.333333 144.859335

10 G Gambhir 4217 31.007353 119.665153

20 BB McCullum 2882 27.711538 126.848592

17 KA Pollard 3437 28.404959 140.457703

35 WP Saha 2427 25.281250 124.397745

97 ST Jayasuriya 768 27.428571 134.031414

37 MA Agarwal 2335 22.669903 129.506378

70 DJ Hooda 1237 20.278689 127.525773

40 N Rana 2181 27.961538 130.053667

60 SS Tiwary 1494 28.730769 115.724245

34 JH Kallis 2427 28.552941 105.936272

42 KS Williamson 2105 36.293103 123.315759

57 DJ Bravo 1560 22.608696 125.100241

12 AM Rahane 4074 30.863636 117.575758

69 D Padikkal 1260 28.000000 119.205298

94 SO Hetmyer 831 30.777778 144.020797

56 PP Shaw 1588 25.206349 143.580470

22 PA Patel 2848 22.603175 116.625717

39 GJ Maxwell 2320 25.494505 147.676639

24 SS Iyer 2780 31.235955 121.132898

In [ ]: plt.figure(figsize=(18,10))
plt.scatter(sample_df['avg'],sample_df['strike_rate'],s=sample_df['runs'])

for i in range(sample_df.shape[0]):
plt.text(sample_df['avg'].values[i],sample_df['strike_rate'].values[i],sample_df[

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In [ ]: x = [1,2,3,4]
y = [5,6,7,8]

plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.text(1,5,'Point 1')
plt.text(2,6,'Point 2')
plt.text(3,7,'Point 3')
plt.text(4,8,'Point 4',fontdict={'size':12,'color':'brown'})

Text(4, 8, 'Point 4')

Out[ ]:

In [ ]: ### Horizontal and Vertical lines

plt.figure(figsize=(18,10))
plt.scatter(sample_df['avg'],sample_df['strike_rate'],s=sample_df['runs'])

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plt.axhline(130,color='red')

plt.axvline(30,color='red')

for i in range(sample_df.shape[0]):
plt.text(sample_df['avg'].values[i],sample_df['strike_rate'].values[i],sample_df[

Subplots
In [ ]: # A diff way to plot graphs
batters.head()

Out[ ]: batter runs avg strike_rate

0 V Kohli 6634 36.251366 125.977972

1 S Dhawan 6244 34.882682 122.840842

2 DA Warner 5883 41.429577 136.401577

3 RG Sharma 5881 30.314433 126.964594

4 SK Raina 5536 32.374269 132.535312

In [ ]: plt.figure(figsize=(15,6))
plt.scatter(batters['avg'],batters['strike_rate'])
plt.title('Something')
plt.xlabel('Avg')
plt.ylabel('Strike Rate')

plt.show()

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In [ ]: fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15,6))

ax.scatter(batters['avg'],batters['strike_rate'],color='red',marker='+')
ax.set_title('Something')
ax.set_xlabel('Avg')
ax.set_ylabel('Strike Rate')

fig.show()

C:\Users\disha\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_4684\3179312453.py:8: UserWarning: Mat

plotlib is currently using module://matplotlib_inline.backend_inline, which is a n
on-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.
fig.show()

In [ ]: ig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=1,sharex=True,figsize=(10,6))

ax[0].scatter(batters['avg'],batters['strike_rate'],color='red')
ax[1].scatter(batters['avg'],batters['runs'])

ax[0].set_title('Avg Vs Strike Rate')

ax[0].set_ylabel('Strike Rate')

ax[1].set_title('Avg Vs Runs')
ax[1].set_ylabel('Runs')
ax[1].set_xlabel('Avg')

Text(0.5, 0, 'Avg')
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2,figsize=(10,10))

ax[0,0]
ax[0,1].scatter(batters['avg'],batters['runs'])
ax[1,0].hist(batters['avg'])
ax[1,1].hist(batters['runs'])

(array([499., 40., 19., 19., 9., 6., 4., 4., 3., 2.]),
Out[ ]:
array([ 0. , 663.4, 1326.8, 1990.2, 2653.6, 3317. , 3980.4, 4643.8,
5307.2, 5970.6, 6634. ]),
<BarContainer object of 10 artists>)

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In [ ]: fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax1.scatter(batters['avg'],batters['strike_rate'],color='red')

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax2.hist(batters['runs'])

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax3.hist(batters['avg'])

(array([102., 125., 103., 82., 78., 43., 22., 14., 2., 1.]),
Out[ ]:
array([ 0. , 5.56666667, 11.13333333, 16.7 , 22.26666667,
27.83333333, 33.4 , 38.96666667, 44.53333333, 50.1 ,
55.66666667]),
<BarContainer object of 10 artists>)

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11/8/23, 10:29 AM Day50 - Advanced Matplotlib(part2)

Advanced Matplotlib(part-2)

3D scatter Plot
A 3D scatter plot is used to represent data points in a three-dimensional space.

In [ ]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [ ]: batters = pd.read_csv('Data\Day49\Batter.csv')
batters.head()

Out[ ]: batter runs avg strike_rate

0 V Kohli 6634 36.251366 125.977972

1 S Dhawan 6244 34.882682 122.840842

2 DA Warner 5883 41.429577 136.401577

3 RG Sharma 5881 30.314433 126.964594

4 SK Raina 5536 32.374269 132.535312

In [ ]: fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

ax.scatter3D(batters['runs'],batters['avg'],batters['strike_rate'],marker='+')
ax.set_title('IPL batsman analysis')

ax.set_xlabel('Runs')
ax.set_ylabel('Avg')
ax.set_zlabel('SR')

Text(0.5, 0, 'SR')
Out[ ]:

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In the example, you created a 3D scatter plot to analyze IPL batsmen based on runs,
average (avg), and strike rate (SR).
The ax.scatter3D function was used to create the plot, where the three variables were
mapped to the x, y, and z axes.

3D Line Plot
A 3D line plot represents data as a line in three-dimensional space.

In [ ]: x = [0,1,5,25]
y = [0,10,13,0]
z = [0,13,20,9]

fig = plt.figure()

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

ax.scatter3D(x,y,z,s=[100,100,100,100])
ax.plot3D(x,y,z,color='red')

[<mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Line3D at 0x23ec4988340>]
Out[ ]:

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In the given example, you created a 3D line plot with three sets of data points
represented by lists x, y, and z.
The ax.plot3D function was used to create the line plot.

3D Surface Plots
3D surface plots are used to visualize functions of two variables as surfaces in three-
dimensional space.

In [ ]: x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = np.linspace(-10,10,100)

In [ ]: xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x,y)

In [ ]: z = xx**2 + yy**2
z.shape

(100, 100)
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

p = ax.plot_surface(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec66ca9a0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: z = np.sin(xx) + np.cos(yy)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

p = ax.plot_surface(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec33aa520>
Out[ ]:

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surface plot using the ax.plot_surface function. In First example, you plotted a parabolic
surface, and in Seound, you plotted a surface with sine and cosine functions.

Contour Plots
Contour plots are used to visualize 3D data in 2D, representing data as contours on a
2D plane.

In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

p = ax.plot_surface(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec616e0d0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot()

p = ax.contour(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec56e4be0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: z = np.sin(xx) + np.cos(yy)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot()

p = ax.contourf(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec8865f40>
Out[ ]:

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You created both filled contour plots (ax.contourf) and contour line plots (ax.contour) in 2D
space. These plots are useful for representing functions over a grid.

In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot(projection='3d')

p = ax.plot_surface(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec7b7ca00>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot()

p = ax.contour(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec7c698e0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))

ax = plt.subplot()

p = ax.contourf(xx,yy,z,cmap='viridis')
fig.colorbar(p)

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec7ed9700>
Out[ ]:

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Heatmap
A heatmap is a graphical representation of data in a 2D grid, where individual values are
represented as colors.

In [ ]: delivery = pd.read_csv('Data\Day50\IPL_Ball_by_Ball_2008_2022.csv')
delivery.head()

Out[ ]: non-
ID innings overs ballnumber batter bowler extra_type batsman_run ext
striker

YBK Mohammed JC
0 1312200 1 0 1 NaN 0
Jaiswal Shami Buttler

YBK Mohammed JC
1 1312200 1 0 2 legbyes 0
Jaiswal Shami Buttler

JC Mohammed YBK
2 1312200 1 0 3 NaN 1
Buttler Shami Jaiswal

YBK Mohammed JC
3 1312200 1 0 4 NaN 0
Jaiswal Shami Buttler

YBK Mohammed JC
4 1312200 1 0 5 NaN 0
Jaiswal Shami Buttler

In [ ]: temp_df = delivery[(delivery['ballnumber'].isin([1,2,3,4,5,6])) & (delivery['batsma

In [ ]: grid = temp_df.pivot_table(index='overs',columns='ballnumber',values='batsman_run',

In [ ]: plt.figure(figsize=(20,10))
plt.imshow(grid)
plt.yticks(delivery['overs'].unique(), list(range(1,21)))
plt.xticks(np.arange(0,6), list(range(1,7)))
plt.colorbar()

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x23ec9384820>
Out[ ]:

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In the given example, we used the imshow function to create a heatmap of IPL
deliveries.
The grid represented ball-by-ball data with the number of sixes (batsman_run=6) in
each over and ball number.
Heatmaps are effective for visualizing patterns and trends in large datasets.

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These techniques provide powerful tools for visualizing complex data in three dimensions
and for representing large datasets effectively. Each type of plot is suitable for different
types of data and can help in gaining insights from the data.

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11/9/23, 9:40 AM Day51 - Pandas plot function

Visualization with the help of Pandas

Plot Function
Pandas is a popular Python library for data manipulation and analysis, and it provides a
convenient way to create basic visualizations using its built-in plot function. The plot
function is primarily used for creating simple plots and charts directly from Pandas
DataFrame and Series objects, without the need for importing additional libraries like
Matplotlib. It's a quick and easy way to explore your data visually. Here's how you can use
the plot function to create various types of visualizations:

1. Line Plot
In [ ]: import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame
data = {'Year': [2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014],
'Sales': [100, 120, 150, 200, 180]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Create a line plot

df.plot(x='Year', y='Sales', title='Sales Over Time')

<Axes: title={'center': 'Sales Over Time'}, xlabel='Year'>

Out[ ]:

2. Bar Plot:
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In [ ]: import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame
data = {'City': ['New York', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago', 'Houston'],
'Population': [8398748, 3980408, 2716000, 2326006]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Create a bar plot

df.plot(x='City', y='Population', kind='bar', title='Population by City')

<Axes: title={'center': 'Population by City'}, xlabel='City'>

Out[ ]:

3. Histogram:
In [ ]: import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame
data = {'Age': [25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Create a histogram
df.plot(y='Age', kind='hist', bins=5, title='Age Distribution')

<Axes: title={'center': 'Age Distribution'}, ylabel='Frequency'>

Out[ ]:

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4. Scatter Plot:
In [ ]: import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame
data = {'X': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
'Y': [2, 4, 1, 3, 5]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Create a scatter plot

df.plot(x='X', y='Y', kind='scatter', title='Scatter Plot')

<Axes: title={'center': 'Scatter Plot'}, xlabel='X', ylabel='Y'>

Out[ ]:

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5. Pie Chart:
In [ ]: import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame
data = {'Category': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'],
'Value': [30, 40, 20, 10]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Create a pie chart

df.plot(y='Value', kind='pie', labels=df['Category'], autopct='%1.1f%%', title='Cat

<Axes: title={'center': 'Category Distribution'}, ylabel='Value'>

Out[ ]:

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The plot function provides various customization options for labels, titles, colors, and more,
and it can handle different plot types by specifying the kind parameter. While Pandas' plot
function is useful for quick and simple visualizations, more complex and customized
visualizations may require using libraries like Matplotlib or Seaborn in combination with
Pandas.

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11/11/23, 1:46 PM Day53 -Introduction_of_Seaborn

Seaborn is a data visualization library in Python that is based on Matplotlib. It provides a

high-level interface for creating informative and attractive statistical graphics. Seaborn
comes with several built-in themes and color palettes to make it easy to create aesthetically
pleasing visualizations.

Documentation link : https://seaborn.pydata.org/

Some key features of Seaborn include:

1. Statistical Plots: Seaborn simplifies the process of creating statistical plots by providing
functions for common statistical visualizations such as scatter plots, line plots, bar plots,
box plots, violin plots, and more.

2. Themes and Color Palettes: Seaborn allows you to easily customize the look of your
visualizations by providing different themes and color palettes. This makes it simple to
create professional-looking plots without having to manually tweak every detail.

3. Categorical Plots: Seaborn excels at visualizing relationships in categorical data. It has

functions specifically designed for working with categorical variables, making it easy to
create plots that show the distribution of data across different categories.

4. Matrix Plots: Seaborn provides functions for visualizing matrices of data, such as
heatmaps. These can be useful for exploring relationships and patterns in large datasets.

5. Time Series Plots: Seaborn supports the visualization of time series data, allowing you
to create informative plots for temporal analysis.

While Seaborn is built on top of Matplotlib, it abstracts away much of the complexity and
provides a more concise and visually appealing syntax for creating statistical visualizations. It
is a popular choice among data scientists and analysts for quickly generating exploratory
data visualizations.

Seaborn offers several other plot types for various visualization needs:

1. Categorical Plots:

barplot : Displays the central tendency and confidence interval of a numeric

variable for different levels of a categorical variable.

countplot : Shows the count of observations in each category of a categorical

variable using bars.

boxplot : Illustrates the distribution of a continuous variable across different

categories, emphasizing quartiles and potential outliers.
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violinplot : Combines aspects of a box plot and a kernel density plot, providing
insights into the distribution of a variable for different categories.

stripplot and swarmplot : Visualize individual data points along with a

categorical distribution. stripplot places points on a single axis, while
swarmplot adjusts the points to avoid overlap.
2. Distribution Plots:

histplot : Creates a histogram to display the distribution of a single variable.

kdeplot : Plots the Kernel Density Estimation of a univariate or bivariate dataset,

providing a smoothed representation of the distribution.

rugplot : Adds small vertical lines (rug) to a plot to indicate the distribution of
data points along the x or y-axis.

3. Regression Plots:

lmplot : Combines regression plots with FacetGrid to allow visualization of

relationships between variables across multiple subplots.

regplot : Creates a scatter plot with a linear regression line fitted to the data.

4. Time Series Plots:

tsplot : Formerly used for time series data, it has been replaced by the more
flexible lineplot . However, it's still available for backward compatibility.
5. Facet Grids:

FacetGrid : Although not a specific plot type, FacetGrid is a powerful tool that
allows you to create a grid of subplots based on the values of one or more
categorical variables. It can be used with various plot types to create a matrix of
visualizations.
6. Relational Plots:

relplot : Combines aspects of scatter plots and line plots to visualize the
relationship between two variables across different levels of a third variable. It's a
flexible function that can create scatter plots, line plots, or other types of relational
plots.

scatterplot : Creates a simple scatter plot to show the relationship between two
variables.

lineplot : Generates line plots to depict the trend between two variables.

jointplot : Combines scatter plots for two variables along with histograms for
each variable.

7. Matrix Plots:

heatmap : Displays a matrix where the values are represented by colors. Heatmaps
are often used to visualize correlation matrices or other two-dimensional datasets.

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clustermap : Hierarchically clusters and orders rows and columns in a heatmap,

which can be useful for exploring patterns in the data.

pairplot : Creates a matrix of scatterplots for multiple pairs of variables. Diagonal

elements show univariate distributions, while off-diagonal elements show bivariate
relationships.

jointplot with kind='hex' or kind='kde' : While commonly used for

scatter plots, jointplot can display hexbin plots or kernel density estimation
plots, providing a different perspective on the distribution of data points.

corrplot : Visualizes a correlation matrix with colored cells, making it easy to

identify strong and weak correlations between variables.

catplot with kind='point' or kind='bar' : Allows you to create categorical

plots with a matrix structure, where the rows and columns represent different
categorical variables.

These functions provide a range of tools for exploring relationships in data, whether you're
interested in visualizing the distribution of individual variables, the relationship between two
variables, or patterns within a matrix of data.

These are just a selection of Seaborn's capabilities. The library is designed to make it easy to
create a wide range of statistical graphics for data exploration and presentation. The choice
of which plot to use depends on the nature of your data and the specific insights you want
to extract.

In Seaborn, the concepts of "axis-level" and "figure-level" functions refer to the level at
which the functions operate and the structure of the resulting plots.

1. Axis-Level Functions:
Operate at the level of a single subplot or axis.
Produce a single plot by default.
Examples include functions like sns.scatterplot() , sns.lineplot() ,
sns.boxplot() , etc.
Accept the ax parameter to specify the Axes where the plot will be drawn. If
not specified, a new Axes is created.

1. Figure-Level Functions:
Operate at the level of the entire figure, potentially creating multiple
subplots.
Produce a FacetGrid or a similar object that can be used to create a grid of
subplots.
Examples include functions like sns.relplot() , sns.catplot() ,
sns.pairplot() , etc.
Return a FacetGrid object, allowing for easy creation of subplots based on
additional categorical variables.

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The choice between axis-level and figure-level functions depends on your specific needs.
Axis-level functions are often more straightforward for simple plots, while figure-level
functions are powerful for creating complex visualizations with multiple subplots or facets
based on categorical variables.

Keep in mind that figure-level functions return objects like FacetGrid, and you can customize
the resulting plots further using the methods and attributes of these objects. The
documentation for each function provides details on how to use and customize the output.

1. Relational Plots
to see the statistical relation between 2 or more variables.
Bivariate Analysis

In [ ]: import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly.express as px

In [ ]: import pandas as pd

In [ ]: tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')
tips

Out[ ]: total_bill tip sex smoker day time size

0 16.99 1.01 Female No Sun Dinner 2

1 10.34 1.66 Male No Sun Dinner 3

2 21.01 3.50 Male No Sun Dinner 3

3 23.68 3.31 Male No Sun Dinner 2

4 24.59 3.61 Female No Sun Dinner 4

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

239 29.03 5.92 Male No Sat Dinner 3

240 27.18 2.00 Female Yes Sat Dinner 2

241 22.67 2.00 Male Yes Sat Dinner 2

242 17.82 1.75 Male No Sat Dinner 2

243 18.78 3.00 Female No Thur Dinner 2

244 rows × 7 columns

In [ ]: # scatter plot -> axes level function

sns.scatterplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip',hue='sex')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # relplot -> figure level -> square shape

sns.relplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', kind='scatter',hue='sex')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7f686180b340>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # line plot
gap = px.data.gapminder()
temp_df = gap[gap['country'] == 'India']
temp_df

Out[ ]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

696 India Asia 1952 37.373 372000000 546.565749 IND 356

697 India Asia 1957 40.249 409000000 590.061996 IND 356

698 India Asia 1962 43.605 454000000 658.347151 IND 356

699 India Asia 1967 47.193 506000000 700.770611 IND 356

700 India Asia 1972 50.651 567000000 724.032527 IND 356

701 India Asia 1977 54.208 634000000 813.337323 IND 356

702 India Asia 1982 56.596 708000000 855.723538 IND 356

703 India Asia 1987 58.553 788000000 976.512676 IND 356

704 India Asia 1992 60.223 872000000 1164.406809 IND 356

705 India Asia 1997 61.765 959000000 1458.817442 IND 356

706 India Asia 2002 62.879 1034172547 1746.769454 IND 356

707 India Asia 2007 64.698 1110396331 2452.210407 IND 356

In [ ]: # axes level function

sns.lineplot(data=temp_df, x='year', y='lifeExp')

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='lifeExp'>

Out[ ]:

In [ ]: # using relpplot
sns.relplot(data=temp_df, x='year', y='lifeExp', kind='line')
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<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7f686180bf70>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Brazil','Germany'])]
temp_df

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Out[ ]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

168 Brazil Americas 1952 50.917 56602560 2108.944355 BRA 76

169 Brazil Americas 1957 53.285 65551171 2487.365989 BRA 76

170 Brazil Americas 1962 55.665 76039390 3336.585802 BRA 76

171 Brazil Americas 1967 57.632 88049823 3429.864357 BRA 76

172 Brazil Americas 1972 59.504 100840058 4985.711467 BRA 76

173 Brazil Americas 1977 61.489 114313951 6660.118654 BRA 76

174 Brazil Americas 1982 63.336 128962939 7030.835878 BRA 76

175 Brazil Americas 1987 65.205 142938076 7807.095818 BRA 76

176 Brazil Americas 1992 67.057 155975974 6950.283021 BRA 76

177 Brazil Americas 1997 69.388 168546719 7957.980824 BRA 76

178 Brazil Americas 2002 71.006 179914212 8131.212843 BRA 76

179 Brazil Americas 2007 72.390 190010647 9065.800825 BRA 76

564 Germany Europe 1952 67.500 69145952 7144.114393 DEU 276

565 Germany Europe 1957 69.100 71019069 10187.826650 DEU 276

566 Germany Europe 1962 70.300 73739117 12902.462910 DEU 276

567 Germany Europe 1967 70.800 76368453 14745.625610 DEU 276

568 Germany Europe 1972 71.000 78717088 18016.180270 DEU 276

569 Germany Europe 1977 72.500 78160773 20512.921230 DEU 276

570 Germany Europe 1982 73.800 78335266 22031.532740 DEU 276

571 Germany Europe 1987 74.847 77718298 24639.185660 DEU 276

572 Germany Europe 1992 76.070 80597764 26505.303170 DEU 276

573 Germany Europe 1997 77.340 82011073 27788.884160 DEU 276

574 Germany Europe 2002 78.670 82350671 30035.801980 DEU 276

575 Germany Europe 2007 79.406 82400996 32170.374420 DEU 276

696 India Asia 1952 37.373 372000000 546.565749 IND 356

697 India Asia 1957 40.249 409000000 590.061996 IND 356

698 India Asia 1962 43.605 454000000 658.347151 IND 356

699 India Asia 1967 47.193 506000000 700.770611 IND 356

700 India Asia 1972 50.651 567000000 724.032527 IND 356

701 India Asia 1977 54.208 634000000 813.337323 IND 356

702 India Asia 1982 56.596 708000000 855.723538 IND 356

703 India Asia 1987 58.553 788000000 976.512676 IND 356

704 India Asia 1992 60.223 872000000 1164.406809 IND 356

705 India Asia 1997 61.765 959000000 1458.817442 IND 356

706 India Asia 2002 62.879 1034172547 1746.769454 IND 356

707 India Asia 2007 64.698 1110396331 2452.210407 IND 356

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In [ ]: sns.relplot(kind='line', data=temp_df, x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country', style=

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7f68616088e0>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]: sns.lineplot(data=temp_df, x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country')

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='lifeExp'>

Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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In [ ]: # facet plot -> figure level function -> work with relplot
# it will not work with scatterplot and lineplot
sns.relplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', kind='scatter', col='sex')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7f68630464d0>
Out[ ]:

In [ ]:

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11/12/23, 10:25 AM Day54 - Distribution plots in Seaborn

Distribution Plots In Seaborn

In seaborn, a distribution plot, or displot, is used to visualize the distribution of data in a
dataset. This can be done for both univariate and bivariate data.

For univariate data, the displot will show a histogram of the data, along with a line
representing the kernel density estimate (KDE). The KDE is a smoother version of the
histogram that can be used to better visualize the underlying distribution of the data.

For bivariate data, the displot will show a scatter plot of the data, along with a contour plot
representing the joint distribution of the data. The contour plot is a way of visualizing the
relationship between two variables, and can be used to identify clusters of data points or to
see how the variables are related.

used for univariate analysis

used to find out the distribution
Range of the observation
Central Tendency
is the data bimodal?
Are there outliers?

Plots under distribution plot

histplot
kdeplot
rugplot

Figure level and axes level

figure level -> displot

axes level -> histplot -> kdeplot -> rugplot

In [ ]: import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly.express as px
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

In [ ]: tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')
tips

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Out[ ]: total_bill tip sex smoker day time size

0 16.99 1.01 Female No Sun Dinner 2

1 10.34 1.66 Male No Sun Dinner 3

2 21.01 3.50 Male No Sun Dinner 3

3 23.68 3.31 Male No Sun Dinner 2

4 24.59 3.61 Female No Sun Dinner 4

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

239 29.03 5.92 Male No Sat Dinner 3

240 27.18 2.00 Female Yes Sat Dinner 2

241 22.67 2.00 Male Yes Sat Dinner 2

242 17.82 1.75 Male No Sat Dinner 2

243 18.78 3.00 Female No Thur Dinner 2

244 rows × 7 columns

In [ ]: # plotting univariate histogram

sns.histplot(data=tips, x='total_bill')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Count'>

Out[ ]:

In [ ]: # displot
sns.displot(data=tips, x='total_bill', kind='hist')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b831cbeaef0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: sns.displot(data=tips, x='total_bill', kind='hist', bins=20)

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b831a9590f0>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # It’s also possible to visualize the distribution of a categorical variable using

# Discrete bins are automatically set for categorical variables

# countplot
sns.displot(data=tips, x='day', kind='hist')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b83171a4a90>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # hue parameter
sns.displot(data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist',hue='sex')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b8317081f90>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # element -> step

sns.displot(data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist', hue='sex', element='step')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b8316eddc30>
Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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In [ ]: titanic = sns.load_dataset('titanic')

In [ ]: titanic.head()

Out[ ]: survived pclass sex age sibsp parch fare embarked class who adult_male dec

0 0 3 male 22.0 1 0 7.2500 S Third man True Na

1 1 1 female 38.0 1 0 71.2833 C First woman False

2 1 3 female 26.0 0 0 7.9250 S Third woman False Na

3 1 1 female 35.0 1 0 53.1000 S First woman False

4 0 3 male 35.0 0 0 8.0500 S Third man True Na

In [ ]: sns.displot(data=titanic, x='age', kind='hist',element='step',hue='sex')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b831a9e2440>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # faceting uusin col and rows -> and it not work on histplot function

sns.displot(data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist', col='sex', element='step')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b8316eddf30>
Out[ ]:

kdeplot
Rather than using discrete bins, a KDE plot smooths the observations with a Gaussian
kernel, producing a continuous density estimate

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In [ ]: sns.kdeplot(data=tips,x='total_bill')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Density'>

Out[ ]:

In [ ]: sns.displot(data=tips,x='total_bill',kind='kde')

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b8316ba3250>
Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # hue -> fill

sns.displot(data=tips,x='total_bill',kind='kde',hue='sex',fill=True,height=10,aspec

<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7b831691bf40>
Out[ ]:

Rugplot
Plot marginal distributions by drawing ticks along the x and y axes.

This function is intended to complement other plots by showing the location of individual
observations in an unobtrusive way.

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In [ ]: sns.kdeplot(data=tips,x='total_bill')
sns.rugplot(data=tips,x='total_bill')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Density'>

Out[ ]:

Bivariate histogram
A bivariate histogram bins the data within rectangles that tile the plot and then shows the
count of observations within each rectangle with the fill color

In [ ]: sns.histplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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In [ ]: # Bivariate Kdeplot
# a bivariate KDE plot smoothes the (x, y) observations with a 2D Gaussian
sns.kdeplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip')

<Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

Out[ ]:

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11/13/23, 11:54 AM Day55 - Matrix_Plot_in_seaborn

Matrix Plot
In Seaborn, both heatmap and clustermap functions are used for visualizing matrices,
but they serve slightly different purposes.

1. Heatmap:
The heatmap function is used to plot rectangular data as a color-encoded matrix.
It is essentially a 2D representation of the data where each cell is colored based on
its value.
Heatmaps are useful for visualizing relationships and patterns in the data, making
them suitable for tasks such as correlation matrices or any other situation where
you want to visualize the magnitude of a phenomenon.

1. Clustermap:
The clustermap function, on the other hand, not only visualizes the matrix but
also performs hierarchical clustering on both rows and columns to reorder them
based on similarity.
It is useful when you want to identify patterns not only in the individual values of
the matrix but also in the relationships between rows and columns.

In [ ]: import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly.express as px

In [ ]: gap = px.data.gapminder()

In [ ]: # Heatmap

# Plot rectangular data as a color-encoded matrix

temp_df = gap.pivot(index='country',columns='year',values='lifeExp')

# axes level function

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10))
sns.heatmap(temp_df)

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # annot
temp_df = gap[gap['continent'] == 'Europe'].pivot(index='country',columns='year',va

plt.figure(figsize=(15,15))
sns.heatmap(temp_df,annot=True)

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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In [ ]: # linewidth
# annot
temp_df = gap[gap['continent'] == 'Europe'].pivot(index='country',columns='year',va

plt.figure(figsize=(15,15))
sns.heatmap(temp_df,annot=True,linewidth=0.5)

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

Out[ ]:

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In [ ]: # cmap
# annot
temp_df = gap[gap['continent'] == 'Europe'].pivot(index='country',columns='year',va

plt.figure(figsize=(15,15))
sns.heatmap(temp_df,annot=True,linewidth=0.5, cmap='summer')

<Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

Out[ ]:

Machine Learning Part 01 & Part 02

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