CLASS 7 SCIENCE
Chapter - 11
TRANSPORTATION
IN ANIMALS AND
PLANTS
Things to discuss
TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION IN
IN ANIMALS PLANTS
Circulatory system Transport of water
Excretory system Transport of minerals
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The system that moves blood throughout the body.
The circulatory system is composed of the heart,
arteries, capillaries, and veins.
BLOOD
Blood is the fluid which flows in blood vessels.
Blood transports substances like digested food from the
large intestine to the other parts of the body. It carries
oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. It also
transports waste for removal from the body.
Composition of blood
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
RBC
Red blood cells which contain a red pigment called haemoglobin.
How oxygen is transported in the body?
Oxygen combines with haemoglobin and forms oxyhaemoglobin
and reach all the cells in our body.
WBC
White blood cells which fight against germs that enter our
body.
What is the function of White blood cells in
our body?
White blood cells are also known as soldiers of the body
because they protect us from the germs which enter our body
and make antibodies which attack the foreign particles and
kill them.
Platelets
Platelets are present in our blood which help in clotting.
When we get any cut, blood comes out. After some time, a clot is
formed at the site of injury. That clotting is performed by
platelets.
What would happen if the number of platelets
in our body decreases?
If the number of platelets decrease, then there will be no clotting
of blood if we get injured. No clotting means loss of blood. A
condition may reach when there is more amount of blood loss
which may lead to anaemia and ultimately it may lead to death
if proper medication is not given.
BLOOD VESSELS
Schematic diagram of circulation
HEART
Heart beats continuously to transport blood.
Located in the chest cavity, heart contains four chambers.
Upper two chambers are atria and lower one are ventricles.
HEART BEAT
The rhythmic contraction of the muscles of heart to contract and
relax is known as heart beat.
Stethoscope is an instrument used to amplify the sound of the heart.
Circulatory system in lower
organisms
In animals such as sponges and hydras, there is no such circulatory
system.
The food and oxygen is transported to their body from the water they
live in.
The excretory products along with carbon dioxide is also expelled out
by the skin so there is no requirement of circulating fluid like blood.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN HUMANS
EXCRETION – there are various waste substances produced in our
body like carbon dioxide, urine, stool, sweat etc.
All of these substances are excreted from our body through a specific
mechanism. Their accumulation in the body may result in adverse
effect.
The process of removal of waste and toxic substances from our body is
known as excretion and the system participating in it is called
excretory system.
HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM
FLOW OF BLOOD TO FORM URINE
KIDNEY
URETER
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS
TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS
Like humans and animals, plants also require energy to do grow. They get the
energy by absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
Xylem and phloem are found in plants for conduction of absorbed water and
minerals which together are known as vascular bundles.
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to each leaf
through XYLEM.
Food prepared by the leaves is transported to all other parts through PHLOEM.
Xylem and phloem
XYLEM PHLOEM
Conducts water
Conducts food
and other
particles.
minerals
Conduction takes Conduction takes
place in one place in both the
direction only. directions.
How conduction takes place in
plants?
TRANSPIRATION
All the water and minerals absorbed is not used by the plants.
The extra amount of water and minerals are expelled out by the plants
through a process called transpiration.
The stomata present on the leaves perform this function.
Evaporation process helps to generate the suction pull which help the
water and minerals to reach great height of the plants.
stomata
