wØZxq Aa¨vq
MwZ
‡fŠZ ivwk: ‡fŠZ RM‡Z hv wKQz cwigvc Kiv hvq Zv‡K ivwk e‡j|
ivwk cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ `ywU Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb
gvb GKK
20 kg
GKK: †h Av`k© cwigv‡ci mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i †fŠZ ivwkmg~n‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K GKK e‡j|
‡gŠwjK ivwk: †h ivwk¸‡jv ¯^vaxb ev wbi‡cÿ A_©vr †h ivwk¸‡jv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ivwki Dci wbf©i K‡i bv
eis Ab¨vb¨ ivwk G‡`i Dci wbf©i K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †gŠwjK ivwk e‡j|
‡gŠwjK ivwk mvZwU|
1| ‰`N©¨ 2| fi 3| mgq 4| ZvcgvÎv
5| Zwor cÖevn 6| c`v‡_©i cwigvY 7| `xcb ZxeªZv
‡hŠwMK ivwk: †h ivwk¸‡jv †gŠwjK ivwki Dci wbf©i K‡i Zv‡`i‡K ‡hŠwMK ivwk e‡j|
‡hgb: †eM, Z¡iY, †ÿÎdj BZ¨vw`|
GKK cÖKv‡ki c×wZ
‡gwUªK c×wZ/ SI c×wZ/
CGS c×wZ MKS c×wZ
cm gm s m kg s
gvÎv: †fŠZ ivwk‡Z Dcw¯’Z †gŠwjK ivwkmg~‡ni m~PK‡K gvÎv e‡j|
SI c×wZ‡Z †gŠwjK ivwkmg~‡ni cÖZxK, GKK, gvÎv
‡gŠwjK ivwk cÖZxK GKK gvÎv
‰`N©¨ l, d, s, r m (wgUvi) [L]
fi m kg (wK‡jvMÖvg) [M]
mgq t s (‡m‡KÛ) [T]
ZvcgvÎv T, 𝜃 K (‡Kjwfb) [𝜃]
Zwor cÖevn I A (A¨vw¤úqvi) [I]
c`v‡_©i cwigvY n mol (‡gvj)
`xcb ZxeªZv Iv Cd (K¨v‡Ûjv) [J]
gvb I w`‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i ivwk `yB cÖKvi
1| †¯‹jvi ivwk: †hmKj ivwk‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ gv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, w`‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb nq bv
Zv‡`i‡K †¯‹jvi ivwk e‡j| †hgb: ‰`N©¨, fi, mgq. ZvcgvÎv BZ¨vw`|
2| ‡f±i ivwk: †hmKj ivwk‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ gvb I w`K DfqB cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡`i‡K †f±i ivwk
e‡j| ‡hgb:
we savE pF
IRb miY Z¡iY/ ‡eM Zwor fi‡eM ej
g›`b cÖvej¨
cÖm½ KvVv‡gv: hvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i †Kv‡bv e¯‘i MwZ ev w¯’wZ cwigvc Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖm½ KvVv‡gv
e‡j|
w¯’wZ: cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ mg‡qi mv‡_ Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b bv Ki‡j Zv‡K w¯’wZ e‡j|
MwZ: cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ mg‡qi mv‡_ Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j Zv‡K MwZ e‡j|
cig MwZ: cigfv‡e w¯’i †Kv‡bv cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i MwZ‡K cig MwZ e‡j|
cig w¯’wZ: cigfv‡e w¯’i †Kv‡bv cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i w¯’wZ‡K cig w¯’wZ e‡j|
‡Kv‡bv MwZB cig bq, cig bq ‡Kv‡bv w¯’wZB|
mKj MwZB Av‡cwÿK, mKj w¯’wZB Av‡cwÿK|
`~iZ¡: †Kv‡bv e¯‘ †gvU hZUzKz c_ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K Zvi `~iZ¡ e‡j|
G‡K d Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi GKK m. GwU GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk|
miY: †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j Zvi Avw` Ae¯’vb I †kl Ae¯’v‡bi ga¨eZ©x mij‰iwLK
`~iZ¡‡K miY e‡j|
G‡K s Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi GKK m. GwU GKwU †f±i ivwk|
`ªæwZ: mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ `~i‡Z¡i nvi‡K `ªæwZ e‡j|
A_ev, †Kv‡bv e¯‘ GKK mg‡q †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K Zvi `ªæwZ e‡j|
G‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GwU GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk|
t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ d
𝑑
1 mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ
𝑡
𝑑 𝑚
𝑣= → 𝑚𝑠 −1 (GKK)
𝑡 𝑠
[LT −1 ] ( gvÎv)
Amg `ªæwZ: hw` mgvb mg‡q e¯‘ mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg bv K‡i Zvn‡j †mB `ªæwZ‡K Amg `ªæwZ e‡j|
Mo `ªæwZ: Amg `ªæwZ‡Z Pjgvb e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ †gvU `~iZ¡‡K ‡gvU mgq Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvcÍ `ªæwZ‡K Mo
`ªæwZ e‡j|
ZvrÿwYK `ªæwZ: MwZkxj †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl gyn~‡Z©i `ªæwZ‡K ZvrÿwYK `ªæwZ e‡j|
‡eM: mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i mi‡Yi nvi‡K †eM e‡j|
A_ev, †Kv‡bv e¯‘i GKK mg‡q †h cwigvY miY nq Zv‡K †eM e‡j|
G‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GwU GKwU †f±i ivwk|
t mg‡q miY 𝑠
𝑠
1 mg‡q miY
𝑡
𝑠 𝑚
𝑣= → 𝑚𝑠 −1 (GKK)
𝑡 𝑠
[LT −1 ] ( gvÎv)
mylg †eM ev mg‡eM: MwZkxj Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †e‡Mi gvb I w`K AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j Z‡e Zvi †mB
†eM‡K mylg †eM e‡j|
Amg †eM: MwZkxj Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †e‡Mi gb ev w`K ev Df‡qi cwieZ©b NU‡j Z‡e Zvi ‡mB
†eM‡K Amg †eM e‡j|
Mo ‡eM: Amg ‡e‡M Pjgvb e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ †gvU miY‡K ‡gvU mgq Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvcÍ ‡eM‡K Mo ‡eM
e‡j|
Z¡iY: mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
A_ev, †Kv‡bv e¯‘i GKK mg‡q †h cwigvY †eM e„w× cvq Zv‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
G‡K 𝑎 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GwU GKwU †f±i ivwk|
t mg‡q ‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b ∆𝑣
∆𝑣
1 mg‡q ‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b Avw`‡eM = 𝑢
𝑡
‡kl‡eM = 𝑣
∆𝑣 𝑚𝑠−1
𝑎= → 𝑚𝑠 −2 (GKK) ‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b, ∆𝑣 = 𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑡 𝑠
[LT −2 ] ( gvÎv)
𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
Amg Z¡iY: †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ‡eM e„w×i nvi hw` memgq mgvb bv _v‡K Z‡e †m Z¡iY‡K Amg Z¡iY e‡j|
mylg Z¡iY ev mgZ¡iY: wbw`©ó w`‡K †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi hw` memgq mgvb nq Z‡e Zv‡K mylg
Z¡iY ev mgZ¡iY e‡j|
AwfKl©R Z¡iY: f‚c„‡ô gy³fv‡e cošÍ e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi‡K AwfKl©R Z¡iY e‡j| G‡K 𝑔 Øviv cÖKvk
Kiv nq| Gi gvb 9.8 𝑚𝑠 −2 .
g›`b: †Kv‡bv e¯‘i †eM n«v‡mi nvi‡K g›`b e‡j|
A_ev, †Kv‡bv e¯‘i GKK mg‡q †h cwigvY †eM n«vm cvq Zv‡K g›`b e‡j|
MwZ m¤úwK©Z ivwkmg~n‡K GKmv‡_ 𝑠𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡 e‡j|
miY s u v a t mgq
Avw`‡eM ‡kl‡eM Z¡iY
wbDU‡bi MwZi mgxKiY cošÍ e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î
1| 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 1| 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 1| 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1 1 1
2| 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 2| 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 2| 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2 2 2
𝑢+𝑣 2 2 2 2
3| 𝑠 = ( )𝑡 3| 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 2𝑎𝑠 3| 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 2𝑎𝑠
2
4| 𝑣 2 = 𝑢 + 2𝑎𝑠
2
w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K hvÎv ïiæ Ki‡j Avw`‡eM, 𝑢 = 0
‡eªK K‡i †_‡g †M‡j †kl‡eM, 𝑣 = 0
cošÍ e¯‘I †ÿ‡Î Avw`‡eM, 𝑢 = 0
wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †kl‡eM, 𝑣 = 0
mg‡e‡Mi †ÿ‡Î, 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡
cošÍ e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© M¨vwjwjI wZbwU m~Î cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cÖ_g m~Î: w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq cošÍ mKj e¯‘ mgvb mg‡q mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i|
wØZxq m~Î: w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq cošÍ e¯‘i wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖvß †eM H mg‡qi mgvbycvwZK|
wbw`©ó mgq 𝑡 Ges H mg‡q cÖvß †eM 𝑣 n‡j , m~Îvbymv‡i-
𝑣∝𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
A_©vr, 1 = 1
𝑣2 𝑡2
Z…Zxq m~Î: w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K webv evavq cošÍ e¯‘i wbw`©ó mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ H mg‡qi e‡M©i
mgvbycvwZK|
wbw`©ó mgq 𝑡 Ges H mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ ℎ n‡j , m~Îvbymv‡i-
ℎ ∝ 𝑡2
ℎ1 𝑡12
A_©vr, =
ℎ2 𝑡22
