Dot Net Imp

Q1. Short Answer Type Questions.

1. What is CTS?
The Common Type System (CTS) is a standard in the .NET framework that
defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime
environment. It ensures that objects created in different programming
languages can interact with each other. CTS provides a set of rules for data
types, allowing for type safety and interoperability among languages.

2. State any two advantages of .NET.

1. Cross-Platform Development: With .NET Core and .NET 5+,
developers can build applications that run on multiple platforms,
including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
2. Rich Class Library: .NET provides a comprehensive class library that
simplifies development by offering pre-built functionalities for tasks
such as file handling, database access, and web services.

3. What is Event Driven Programming?

Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the
program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key
presses) or messages from other programs. In this model, the program
responds to events by executing specific event handlers, making it suitable for
graphical user interfaces and interactive applications.

4. Explain the difference between menu and popup menu in .NET.

• Menu: A menu is a list of options or commands presented to the user,
typically displayed at the top of an application window. Menus can
 contain submenus and are usually always visible or accessible through
a menu bar.
• Popup Menu: A popup menu (or context menu) is a temporary menu
that appears when the user right-clicks on an item or performs a
specific action. It provides quick access to relevant commands related
to the selected item and disappears when the user makes a selection or
clicks outside the menu.

5. List any two properties of Radio Button Control.

1. Checked: A boolean property that indicates whether the radio button is
selected (true) or not (false).
2. GroupName: A string property that specifies the group to which the
radio button belongs, ensuring that only one radio button in the group
can be selected at a time.

6. What do you mean by value type and reference type?

• Value Type: Value types store the actual data directly in memory. They
are typically stored on the stack and include types such as integers,
floats, and structs. When a value type is assigned to another, a copy of
the value is made.
• Reference Type: Reference types store a reference to the actual data,
which is stored on the heap. They include types such as classes, arrays,
and strings. When a reference type is assigned to another, both
variables point to the same object in memory.

7. What is boxing in C#?

Boxing is the process of converting a value type into a reference type by
wrapping it in an object. This allows value types to be treated as objects,
enabling them to be stored in collections that require reference types. Boxing
incurs a performance cost due to the additional memory allocation and the
need to unbox the value when retrieving it.

8. What is meant by ADO.NET?

ADO.NET is a set of classes in the .NET framework that provides data access
services for .NET applications. It allows developers to interact with various
data sources, such as databases and XML files, using a disconnected
architecture. ADO.NET supports both connected and disconnected data
access models, enabling efficient data manipulation and retrieval.

9. Enlist any four data types used in .NET.

1. int: Represents a 32-bit signed integer.
2. string: Represents a sequence of characters.
3. bool: Represents a boolean value (true or false).
4. double: Represents a double-precision floating-point number.

10. What is the use of the ‘this’ keyword in C#?

The this keyword in C# refers to the current instance of the class. It is used to
differentiate between class members and parameters with the same name, to
pass the current instance to another method, or to call another constructor
within the same class.

11. What is the use of CLR?

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of
the .NET framework that manages the execution of .NET programs. It provides
services such as memory management, type safety, exception handling, and
garbage collection, ensuring that applications run efficiently and securely.

12. Enlist any two operators in VB.NET.

1. Arithmetic Operators: Used for performing mathematical operations
(e.g., +, -, *, /).
2. Comparison Operators: Used for comparing two values (e.g., =, <>, <,
>).

13. Explain the following functions:

• i. MessageBox(): Displays a modal dialog box that can contain a
message, title, and buttons for user interaction. It is commonly used to
show alerts or prompts to the user.
• ii. InputBox(): Displays a dialog box that prompts the user for input. It
allows the user to enter a string value, which can be used in the
application.

14. Explain constructor and destructors in C#.

• Constructor: A special method that is called when an instance of a
class is created. It is used to initialize the object's properties and
allocate resources. Constructors can be overloaded to provide different
ways of initializing an object.
• Destructor: A special method that is called when an object is
destroyed. It is used to perform cleanup operations, such as releasing
unmanaged resources. In C#, destructors are defined using
the ~ClassName syntax.
15. Explain server object.
Server objects are objects that are created and managed on the server side in
web applications. They provide functionality for handling requests, managing
sessions, and accessing resources. Examples of server objects include
Application, Session, and Request objects in ASP.NET, which allow developers
to manage application state and user sessions.

16. Explain the types of menu control.

Menu controls in .NET can be categorized into several types:
• Main Menu: A menu that is displayed at the top of the application
window, typically containing top-level options.
• Context Menu (Popup Menu): A menu that appears upon right-clicking
an item, providing quick access to relevant commands.
• MenuStrip: A control that provides a way to create a menu bar in
Windows Forms applications, allowing for hierarchical menus.

17. Explain connected and disconnected architecture in ADO.NET.

• Connected Architecture: In this model, a continuous connection to
the database is maintained while performing operations. It allows for
real-time data manipulation but can be resource-intensive.
• Disconnected Architecture: In this model, a connection to the
database is established only when needed. Data is retrieved into a
dataset, and the connection is closed. This approach is more efficient
for applications that do not require constant database access.

18. Explain Timer control in VB.NET.

The Timer control in VB.NET is used to execute a block of code at specified
intervals. It raises the Tick event at regular intervals, allowing developers to
perform actions such as updating the user interface or executing background
tasks. The Timer control can be configured by setting its Interval property (in
milliseconds) and enabling it with the Enabled property.

19. What is IDE?

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software application that
provides comprehensive facilities to programmers for software development.
It typically includes a code editor, debugger, compiler, and tools for building
and managing projects. Examples of IDEs for .NET development include
Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code.

20. What is CLS?

The Common Language Specification (CLS) is a set of rules and guidelines
that define a subset of the Common Type System (CTS) to ensure
interoperability between different .NET languages. It specifies which features
of the .NET framework are available to all languages, promoting consistency
and compatibility across languages.

21. Explain JIT compilers.

Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers are part of the CLR that convert Intermediate
Language (IL) code into native machine code at runtime. This process allows
for optimizations specific to the current execution environment, improving
performance. JIT compilation occurs the first time a method is called, and the
compiled code is cached for subsequent calls.

22. Explain class and object in C#.

 • Class: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties,
methods, and events that the objects created from the class will have.
Classes encapsulate data and behavior, promoting code reusability and
organization.
• Object: An object is an instance of a class. It represents a specific entity
with its own state and behavior defined by the class. Objects can
interact with each other and can be manipulated through their methods
and properties.

23. What is method overloading in C#?

Method overloading is a feature in C# that allows multiple methods in the
same class to have the same name but different parameters (different type,
number, or order of parameters). This enables developers to create methods
that perform similar functions but with different input types or quantities,
enhancing code readability and usability.

24. Explain the Range validator.

The Range validator is a control in ASP.NET that checks whether a user input
value falls within a specified range. It can be used to validate numeric, date, or
string values. The Range validator requires setting minimum and maximum
values, and it provides feedback to the user if the input is outside the defined
range.

25. What is ASP.NET?

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft for building
dynamic web applications, services, and websites. It allows developers to
create web applications using .NET languages such as C# and VB.NET.
ASP.NET provides a rich set of controls, libraries, and tools for building
scalable and secure web applications.

26. Enlist any two form controls in VB.NET.

1. TextBox: A control that allows users to input text data.
2. Button: A control that users can click to perform an action or trigger an
event.

27. Enlist concatenation operators in VB.NET.

1. &: The primary operator for concatenating strings.
2. +: Can also be used for concatenation, but it may lead to ambiguity
when used with numeric types.

28. List properties of Array in C#.

1. Length: Gets the total number of elements in the array.
2. Rank: Gets the number of dimensions of the array.

29. What do you mean by constructor?

A constructor is a special method in a class that is called when an instance of
the class is created. It is used to initialize the object's properties and allocate
resources. Constructors can have parameters to allow for different
initialization scenarios and can be overloaded to provide multiple ways to
create an object.

30. What is ADO.NET Dataset?

An ADO.NET Dataset is an in-memory representation of data that can hold
multiple tables, relationships, and constraints. It is a disconnected data
structure that allows for data manipulation and retrieval without maintaining a
constant connection to the database. Datasets can be filled with data from a
database and can be used to update the database when changes are made.

31. Write any two string functions in C#.

1. Substring(int startIndex, int length): Returns a substring from the
specified start index with the specified length.
2. Replace(string oldValue, string newValue): Replaces all occurrences
of a specified string with another string.

32. Enlist any four data types used in VB.NET.

1. Integer: Represents a 32-bit signed integer.
2. String : Represents a sequence of characters.
3. Boolean: Represents a true or false value.
4. Double: Represents a double-precision floating-point number.

33. What is the use of the virtual keyword?

The virtual keyword in C# is used to declare a method or property in a base
class that can be overridden in derived classes. It allows for polymorphism,
enabling derived classes to provide specific implementations of the method
or property while maintaining the same interface.

34. List any four common web controls.

1. Button: A control that triggers an event when clicked.
 2. Label: A control used to display text on a web page.
3. TextBox: A control that allows users to input text.
4. DropDownList: A control that allows users to select an item from a list
of options.

35. What is the use of SiteMapPath control?

The SiteMapPath control in ASP.NET is used to display a breadcrumb
navigation trail for users. It shows the current page's position within the site
hierarchy, allowing users to easily navigate back to previous pages. This
enhances user experience by providing context and improving site navigation.

36. List any four properties of ComboBox control.

1. Items: A collection that holds the items displayed in the ComboBox.
2. SelectedItem: Gets or sets the currently selected item in the
ComboBox.
3. DropDownStyle: Determines how the ComboBox displays its items
(e.g., dropdown or simple).
4. Text: Gets or sets the text associated with the ComboBox, which can be
the selected item or user input.
Q2. Long Answer Type Questions.
1. Explain DataGridView control.
The DataGridView control in Windows Forms is a versatile control used to
display and manipulate tabular data. It allows users to view, edit, and navigate
through data in a grid format. Key features include:
• Data Binding: Supports binding to various data sources, such as
databases, collections, and arrays.
 • Customization: Allows customization of columns, rows, and cell styles,
including formatting and colors.
• Editing: Supports in-place editing of data, allowing users to modify
values directly in the grid.
• Sorting and Filtering: Provides built-in functionality for sorting and
filtering data.

2. Explain the architecture of ASP.NET.

The architecture of ASP.NET consists of several key components:
• ASP.NET Application: The web application that contains the code and
resources.
• Web Server: Hosts the ASP.NET application and processes incoming
requests (e.g., IIS).
• ASP.NET Runtime: Manages the execution of ASP.NET applications,
including request processing, session management, and security.
• Common Language Runtime (CLR): Executes the .NET code and
provides services such as memory management and exception
handling.
• Framework Class Library (FCL): A collection of reusable classes and
libraries that provide functionality for building web applications.

3. Explain classes in ADO.NET.

ADO.NET provides several classes for data access and manipulation:
• Connection: Represents a connection to a specific data source. It is
used to establish a connection to the database.
 • Command: Represents a SQL statement or stored procedure to be
executed against a database. It is used to perform operations such as
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
• DataReader: Provides a fast, forward-only way to read data from a
database. It is used for retrieving data in a read-only manner.
• DataSet: An in-memory representation of data that can hold multiple
tables and relationships. It allows for disconnected data access.
• DataAdapter: Acts as a bridge between a DataSet and the database,
allowing for data retrieval and updates.

4. What are the properties and methods of the server object?

The server object in ASP.NET provides methods and properties for server-side
operations. Key properties and methods include:
• Properties:
• ScriptTimeout: Gets or sets the time in seconds before a script
times out.
• MapPath: Maps a virtual path to a physical path on the server.
• Methods:
• Transfer(): Transfers execution to another page on the server
without making a round trip to the client.
• Execute(): Executes a specified page and returns the output to
the calling page.

5. Explain MessageBox function in detail.

The MessageBox function in .NET is used to display a modal dialog box that
can contain a message, title, and buttons for user interaction. It is commonly
used to show alerts, warnings, or prompts to the user. The function can be
customized with various parameters, including:
• Text: The message to be displayed.
• Caption: The title of the message box.
• Buttons: Specifies which buttons to display (e.g., OK, Cancel).
• Icon: Specifies the icon to be displayed (e.g., Information, Warning).
Example:
MessageBox.Show("This is a message.", "Message Box Title",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);

6. Explain advantages of .NET.

1. Cross-Platform Development: With .NET Core and .NET 5+,
developers can build applications that run on multiple platforms,
including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
2. Rich Class Library: .NET provides a comprehensive class library that
simplifies development by offering pre-built functionalities for tasks
such as file handling, database access, and web services.
3. Language Interoperability: .NET supports multiple programming
languages, allowing developers to use the best language for their needs
while still being able to work together.
4. Security: .NET provides built-in security features, including code
access security and role-based security, to protect applications from
unauthorized access.

7. Explain any four properties of TextBox control.

1. Text: Gets or sets the text displayed in the TextBox.
 2. MaxLength: Gets or sets the maximum number of characters that can
be entered in the TextBox.
3. ReadOnly: Gets or sets a value indicating whether the TextBox is read-
only, preventing user input.
4. Multiline: Gets or sets a value indicating whether the TextBox can
accept multiple lines of text, allowing for larger text input.

8. Explain pop menus in VB.NET.

Popup menus, also known as context menus, are menus that appear when a
user right-clicks on an item or performs a specific action. In VB.NET, popup
menus can be created using the ContextMenuStrip control. Key features
include:
• Dynamic Display: Popup menus can be displayed dynamically based
on user actions or application state.
• Customization: Developers can add various menu items, including
submenus, and assign event handlers to respond to user selections.
• Integration: Popup menus can be integrated with other controls,
allowing for context-sensitive options based on the selected item.

9. What is control structures? Discuss any two control structures.

Control structures are constructs that dictate the flow of execution in a
program. They allow developers to control the order in which statements are
executed. Two common control structures are:
• Conditional Statements: These include if, else if, and else statements
that execute different blocks of code based on specified conditions.
• Loops: These include for, while, and do-while loops that repeat a block
of code multiple times until a specified condition is met.
10. Explain components of .NET framework.
The .NET framework consists of several key components:
• Common Language Runtime (CLR): The execution engine that
manages the execution of .NET applications, providing services such as
memory management and security.
• Framework Class Library (FCL): A comprehensive collection of
reusable classes, interfaces, and value types that provide functionality
for various programming tasks.
• ASP.NET: A framework for building web applications and services.
• Windows Forms: A set of classes for creating rich desktop applications.
• Entity Framework: An object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for
data access.

11. Explain Inheritance with example.

Inheritance is a fundamental object-oriented programming concept that
allows a class (derived class) to inherit properties and methods from another
class (base class). This promotes code reusability and establishes a
hierarchical relationship between classes.
Example:
public class Animal // Base class
{
public void Eat()
{
Console.WriteLine("Eating...");
}
}
public class Dog : Animal // Derived class
{
public void Bark()
{
Console.WriteLine("Barking...");
}
}
Dog myDog = new Dog();
myDog.Eat(); // Inherited method
myDog.Bark(); // Own method

12. Explain Server control.

Server controls are components in ASP.NET that run on the server and
generate HTML content sent to the client. They provide a way to create
dynamic web pages with rich functionality. Key features include:
• State Management: Server controls maintain their state across
postbacks, allowing for persistent data.
• Event Handling: They support events, enabling developers to respond
to user actions (e.g., button clicks).
• Rich Functionality: Server controls include various built-in controls
such as GridView, Button, and TextBox, which simplify web
development.

13. Explain command object.

The Command object in ADO.NET is used to execute SQL statements or
stored procedures against a database. It encapsulates the command text,
connection, and parameters needed for execution. Key properties and
methods include:
• CommandText: The SQL statement or stored procedure to execute.
• Connection: The Connection object that represents the database
connection.
 • ExecuteReader(): Executes the command and returns a DataReader for
reading data.
• ExecuteNonQuery(): Executes the command and returns the number
of rows affected, typically used for INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
operations.

14. Explain ASP.NET page life cycle in detail.

The ASP.NET page life cycle consists of a series of stages that a page goes
through from the time a request is made until the response is sent back to the
client. Key stages include:
• Page Request: The page is requested by the client.
• Start: The page's properties are initialized, and the request is
processed.
• Initialization: Controls on the page are initialized, and their properties
are set.
• Load: The page and its controls are loaded with data.
• Postback Event Handling: If the page is a postback, events are raised
for controls that have been changed.
• Rendering: The page is rendered into HTML and sent to the client.
• Unload: Cleanup operations are performed, and resources are
released.

15. What are the classes in ADO.NET? Explain in detail.

ADO.NET provides several key classes for data access and manipulation,
each serving a specific purpose in the data handling process:
• Connection: This class represents a connection to a specific data
source, such as a SQL Server database. It is used to establish a
connection to the database and manage the connection state.
The Connection class has properties like ConnectionString, which
specifies the details needed to connect to the database.
• Command: The Command class is used to execute SQL statements or
stored procedures against a database. It encapsulates the command
 text, connection, and parameters needed for execution. Key properties
include CommandText (the SQL statement) and Connection (the
associated database connection). Methods
like ExecuteReader(), ExecuteNonQuery(), and ExecuteScalar() are
used to execute commands and retrieve results.
• DataReader: The DataReader class provides a fast, forward-only way
to read data from a database. It is used for retrieving data in a read-only
manner, making it efficient for scenarios where data is only read and not
modified. The DataReader is connected to the database, meaning it
requires an active connection to retrieve data.
• DataSet: The DataSet class is an in-memory representation of data that
can hold multiple tables, relationships, and constraints. It allows for
disconnected data access, meaning that data can be retrieved from the
database, manipulated in memory, and then updated back to the
database without maintaining a constant connection.
• DataAdapter: The DataAdapter class acts as a bridge between
a DataSet and the database. It is responsible for filling the DataSet with
data from the database and updating the database with changes made
to the DataSet. The DataAdapter uses
the SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand,
and DeleteCommand properties to manage data operations.

16. How to create menus in VB.NET?

Creating menus in VB.NET can be done using the MenuStrip control, which
allows developers to create a menu bar for Windows Forms applications.
Here are the steps to create menus:
1. Add a MenuStrip Control: Drag and drop the MenuStrip control from
the toolbox onto the form.
2. Add Menu Items: Click on the MenuStrip to add top-level menu items.
You can add submenus by right-clicking on a menu item and selecting
"Add" to create a dropdown menu.
 3. Set Properties: Customize the properties of the menu items, such
as Text (the display name) and Name (the identifier used in code).
4. Handle Events: Double-click on a menu item to create an event handler
for the Click event. In the event handler, you can define the actions to
be performed when the menu item is clicked.
Example:
Private Sub FileMenuItem_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles
FileMenuItem.Click
MessageBox.Show("File menu clicked!")
End Sub
17. Enlist and explain various objectives of .NET frameworks.
The objectives of the .NET framework include:
1. Interoperability: To allow different programming languages to work
together seamlessly, enabling developers to use the best language for
their needs while still being able to integrate with other languages.
2. Code Reusability: To promote the reuse of code through the use of
libraries and components, reducing development time and effort.
3. Security: To provide a secure environment for applications through
built-in security features, including code access security and role-based
security.
4. Performance: To enhance application performance through features
like Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, which optimizes code execution at
runtime.
5. Scalability: To support the development of scalable applications that
can handle increased loads and user demands without significant
changes to the codebase.
6. Ease of Development: To simplify the development process with a rich
set of libraries, tools, and frameworks that streamline common tasks
and reduce complexity.

18. State and explain various statements used in VB.NET.

VB.NET supports several types of statements for controlling program flow and
performing operations. Key statements include:
1. Dim Statement: Used to declare variables. Example:
Dim count As Integer
2. If...Then...Else Statement: Used for conditional execution. Example:
If count > 0 Then
Console.WriteLine("Count is positive.")
Else
Console.WriteLine("Count is not positive.")
End If
3. For...Next Statement: Used for looping a specific number of times.
Example:
For i As Integer = 1 To 10
Console.WriteLine(i) Next

4. **While...End While Statement**: Used for looping while a condition is true.

Example:
While count < 10
count += 1
End While
5. Select Case Statement: Used for multi-way branching based on the value
of an expression. Example:
Select Case dayOfWeek
Case 1
Console.WriteLine("Monday")
Case 2
Console.WriteLine("Tuesday")
Case Else
Console.WriteLine("Other day")
End Select
19. What are the HTML controls? Explain.
HTML controls in ASP.NET are server-side controls that render as HTML
elements in the browser. They allow developers to create interactive web
forms and applications. Key HTML controls include:
1. TextBox: Allows users to input text. It renders as an <input
type="text"> element in HTML.
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" />
2. Button: A clickable button that can trigger server-side events. It renders
as an <input type="button"> element.
<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Submit" />
3. Label: Displays text on the web page. It renders as
a <span> or <label> element.
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Hello, World!" />
4. DropDownList: A list of options from which users can select one. It
renders as a <select> element.
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlOptions" runat="server">
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 1" Value="1" />
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 2" Value="2" />
</asp:DropDownList>
5. CheckBox: Allows users to select or deselect an option. It renders as
an <input type="checkbox"> element.
<asp:CheckBox ID="chkAgree" runat="server" Text="I agree" />

20. Write steps to connect to a database using ADO.NET.

To connect to a database using ADO.NET, follow these steps:
1. Import the Namespace: Include the necessary ADO.NET namespaces
in your code.
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
2. Create a Connection String: Define the connection string that
specifies the database server, database name, and authentication
details.
string connectionString =
"Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User
Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
3. Create a Connection Object: Instantiate a SqlConnection object
using the connection string.
using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
connection.Open(); // Open the connection
// Perform database operations here
}
4. Create a Command Object: Create a SqlCommand object to execute
SQL queries or stored procedures.
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users",
connection);
5. Execute the Command: Use the command object to execute the query
and retrieve data.
SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(reader["User Name"].ToString());
}
reader.Close(); // Close the reader
6. Close the Connection: Ensure the connection is closed after
operations are complete, either explicitly or by using a using statement.

21. Explain Common Type Systems (CTS) and Common Language

Specification (CLS).
• Common Type System (CTS): The CTS is a standard that defines how
types are declared, used, and managed in the .NET framework. It
ensures that types created in different programming languages can
interact with each other. The CTS provides a set of rules for data types,
allowing for type safety and interoperability among languages.
 • Common Language Specification (CLS): The CLS is a subset of the
CTS that defines a set of rules and guidelines to ensure that different
.NET languages can work together. It specifies which features of the
.NET framework are available to all languages, promoting consistency
and compatibility. The CLS allows developers to create libraries and
components that can be used across different .NET languages,
enhancing code reusability and interoperability.

Q3. Programs.
1. Write a program to show a list of doctors visiting “Sahyadri
Multispecialty Hospital.”
Ans:-
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
List<string> doctors = new List<string>
{
"Dr. John Smith - Cardiologist",
"Dr. Emily Johnson - Neurologist",
"Dr. Michael Brown - Orthopedic Surgeon",
"Dr. Sarah Davis - Pediatrician"
};

Console.WriteLine("Doctors visiting Sahyadri Multispecialty Hospital:");

foreach (var doctor in doctors)
{
Console.WriteLine(doctor);
}
 }
}
2. Write a program to find prime numbers between 2 to 20.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Prime numbers between 2 and 20:");
for (int num = 2; num <= 20; num++)
{
bool isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(num); i++)
{
if (num % i == 0)
{
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime)
{
Console.WriteLine(num);
}
}
}
}
3. Write a program in C# for multiplication of two numbers.
Ans:-
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter first number: ");
int num1 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter second number: ");
int num2 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
int product = num1 * num2;
Console.WriteLine($"The product of {num1} and {num2} is {product}.");
}
}
4. Write a program in C# to calculate the area of a square.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter the side length of the square: ");
double side = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
double area = side * side;
Console.WriteLine($"The area of the square is {area}.");
}
}
5. Write a VB.NET program to check if a given number is a palindrome or
not.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
 Console.Write("Enter a number: ")
Dim number As String = Console.ReadLine()
Dim reversed As String = StrReverse(number)

If number = reversed Then

Console.WriteLine("The number is a palindrome.")
Else
Console.WriteLine("The number is not a palindrome.")
End If
End Sub
End Module
6. Write a VB.NET program to print Yesterday’s date on screen.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim yesterday As DateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1)
Console.WriteLine("Yesterday's date: " & yesterday.ToString("d"))
End Sub
End Module
7. Write a VB.NET program to display Student ID, Student Name, Student
Course, and Student Fees.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim studentID As Integer = 1
Dim studentName As String = "John Doe"
Dim studentCourse As String = "Computer Science"
Dim studentFees As Decimal = 1500.0D

Console.WriteLine("Student ID: " & studentID)

Console.WriteLine("Student Name: " & studentName)
Console.WriteLine("Student Course: " & studentCourse)
 Console.WriteLine("Student Fees: " & studentFees)
End Sub
End Module
8. Write a C# program to swap two numbers.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter first number: ");
int num1 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter second number: ");
int num2 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

// Swapping
int temp = num1;
num1 = num2;
num2 = temp;

Console.WriteLine($"After swapping: First number = {num1}, Second

number = {num2}");
}
}
9. Write a VB.NET program to move the text “Pune University”
continuously from left to right.
Ans:-
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1

 Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles
MyBase.Load
Timer1.Start()
End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Tick(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

Timer1.Tick
Label1.Left += 5
If Label1.Left > Me.Width Then
Label1.Left = -Label1.Width
End If
End Sub
End Class
10. Write a C# program for multiplication of a matrix.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[,] matrixA = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
int[,] matrixB = { { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } };
int[,] result = new int[2, 2];

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
result[i, j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
{
 result[i, j] += matrixA[i, k] * matrixB[k, j];
}
}
}

Console.WriteLine("Result of matrix multiplication:");

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
{
Console.Write(result[i, j] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
11. Write a VB.NET program to find the max number among entered two
numbers.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter first number: ")
Dim num1 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Enter second number: ")
Dim num2 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine())

Dim max As Integer = If(num1 > num2, num1, num2)

Console.WriteLine("The maximum number is: " & max)
End Sub
End Module
12. Write a VB.NET program to check whether the entered string is a
palindrome or not.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter a string: ")
Dim input As String = Console.ReadLine()
Dim reversed As String = StrReverse(input)

If input.Equals(reversed, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) Then

Console.WriteLine("The string is a palindrome.")
Else
Console.WriteLine("The string is not a palindrome.")
End If
End Sub
End Module
13. Write a VB.NET program to accept a number from the user through an
input box and display its multiplication table into a list box.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim number As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(InputBox("Enter a number:"))
Dim result As String = ""

For i As Integer = 1 To 10
result &= number & " x " & i & " = " & (number * i) & vbCrLf
Next

MessageBox.Show(result, "Multiplication Table")

End Sub
End Module
14. Write a program in C# for the sum of two numbers.
Ans:-
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter first number: ");
int num1 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter second number: ");
int num2 = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
int sum = num1 + num2;
Console.WriteLine($"The sum of {num1} and {num2} is {sum}.");
}
}
15. Write a program in C# to reverse a given number.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter a number: ");
int number = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
int reversed = 0;

while (number > 0)

{
int digit = number % 10;
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit;
number /= 10;
}
 Console.WriteLine($"Reversed number is: {reversed}");
}
}
16. Write a C# program to find the area of a circle.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
double radius = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
double area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
Console.WriteLine($"The area of the circle is {area}.");
}
}
17. Write a VB.NET program to accept a character from the user and check
whether it is a vowel or not.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter a character: ")
Dim ch As Char = Console.ReadLine()(0)

If "aeiouAEIOU".Contains(ch) Then
Console.WriteLine(ch & " is a vowel.")
Else
Console.WriteLine(ch & " is not a vowel.")
End If
End Sub
End Module
18. Write a program in C# to create a function to find the factorial of a
given number.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter a number: ");
int number = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
long factorial = Factorial(number);
Console.WriteLine($"The factorial of {number} is {factorial}.");
}

static long Factorial(int n)

{
if (n == 0) return 1;
return n * Factorial(n - 1);
}
}
19. Write a VB.NET program to accept the details of an Employee (Eno,
Ename, salary).
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console.Write("Enter Employee Number: ")
Dim eno As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine())
Console.Write("Enter Employee Name: ")
Dim ename As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Enter Salary: ")
Dim salary As Decimal = Convert.ToDecimal(Console.ReadLine())
 Console.WriteLine("Employee Details:")
Console.WriteLine("Employee Number: " & eno)
Console.WriteLine("Employee Name: " & ename)
Console.WriteLine("Salary: " & salary)
End Sub
End Module
20. Write a C# program to find the Armstrong number of a given number.
Ans:-
using System;

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter a number: ");
int number = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
int sum = 0, temp = number, digits = number.ToString().Length;

while (temp > 0)

{
int digit = temp % 10;
sum += (int)Math.Pow(digit, digits);
temp /= 10;
}

if (sum == number)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{number} is an Armstrong number.");
}
else
{
 Console.WriteLine($"{number} is not an Armstrong number.");
}
}
}
21. Write a VB.NET program to display today’s date on the screen.
Ans:-
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console.WriteLine("Today's date: " & DateTime.Now.ToString("d"))
End Sub
End Module

Q4. Short Notes.

1. Event Driven Programming
Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the
program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key
presses) or messages from other programs. In this model, the program
responds to events by executing specific event handlers. This approach is
commonly used in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and interactive
applications, allowing for a more responsive user experience.

2. JIT Compilers
Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers are part of the Common Language Runtime (CLR)
in the .NET framework that convert Intermediate Language (IL) code into
native machine code at runtime. This process allows for optimizations
specific to the current execution environment, improving performance. JIT
compilation occurs the first time a method is called, and the compiled code is
cached for subsequent calls, enhancing execution speed.

3. Method Overloading
Method overloading is a feature in C# that allows multiple methods in the
same class to have the same name but different parameters (different type,
number, or order of parameters). This enables developers to create methods
that perform similar functions but with different input types or quantities,
enhancing code readability and usability.
Example:
public class MathOperations
{
public int Add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
public double Add(double a, double b) { return a + b; }
public int Add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }
}
4. Object-Oriented Concept in C#
C# is an object-oriented programming language that supports the four main
principles of OOP:
1. Encapsulation: Bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that
operate on the data into a single unit called a class. Access to the data
is restricted through access modifiers (public, private, protected).
2. Inheritance: A mechanism that allows one class (derived class) to
inherit properties and methods from another class (base class),
promoting code reusability.
3. Polymorphism: The ability to present the same interface for different
underlying data types. It allows methods to be defined in multiple
forms, typically through method overriding and overloading.
4. Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only
the essential features of an object. This is achieved through abstract
classes and interfaces.

5. Validation Control in ASP.NET

Validation controls in ASP.NET are used to ensure that user input meets
specific criteria before it is processed. They provide a way to validate data
entered into web forms, enhancing data integrity and user experience.
Common validation controls include:
 • RequiredFieldValidator: Ensures that a user does not skip a required
input field.
• RangeValidator: Checks that a value falls within a specified range.
• RegularExpressionValidator: Validates input against a specified
regular expression pattern.
• CustomValidator: Allows for custom validation logic defined by the
developer.

6. Data Types in VB.NET

VB.NET supports several data types that can be categorized into two main
groups:
1. Value Types: Store the actual data directly. Examples include:
• Integer: Represents a 32-bit signed integer.
• Double: Represents a double-precision floating-point number.
• Boolean: Represents a true or false value.
2. Reference Types: Store a reference to the actual data. Examples
include:
• String: Represents a sequence of characters.
• Object: The base type from which all other types derive.

7. Inheritance
Inheritance is a fundamental object-oriented programming concept that
allows a class (derived class) to inherit properties and methods from another
class (base class). This promotes code reusability and establishes a
hierarchical relationship between classes. In C#, inheritance is implemented
using the : symbol.
Example:
public class Animal // Base class
{
public void Eat()
{
Console.WriteLine("Eating...");
 }
}

public class Dog : Animal // Derived class

{
public void Bark()
{
Console.WriteLine("Barking...");
}
}

// Usage
Dog myDog = new Dog();
myDog.Eat(); // Inherited method
myDog.Bark(); // Own method

8. ASP.NET Server Controls

ASP.NET server controls are components that run on the server and generate
HTML content sent to the client. They provide a way to create dynamic web
pages with rich functionality. Key features include:
• State Management: Server controls maintain their state across
postbacks, allowing for persistent data.
• Event Handling: Server controls can handle events like button clicks,
enabling interactive web applications.
• Rich Controls: They include various types such as GridView, ListView,
and FormView, which simplify data binding and display.

9. Constructor and Destructor

In C#, a constructor is a special method that is called when an instance of a
class is created. It initializes the object's properties and allocates resources.
Constructors can be overloaded to provide different ways of initializing an
object. A destructor, on the other hand, is called when an object is destroyed,
allowing for cleanup of resources. In C#, destructors are defined using
the ~ symbol.
Example:
public class SampleClass
{
public SampleClass() // Constructor
{
Console.WriteLine("Constructor called");
}

~SampleClass() // Destructor
{
Console.WriteLine("Destructor called");
}
}