DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING ALBELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS AND

ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER WITH CANANGA ODORATA AS AN

ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC ADHESIVE

A Research Paper Presented to

The Faculty of the Liceo de Christ the King, Inc.

Talugtug, Nueva Ecija

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Subject Practical Research 2

Senior High School Program

Of the Basic Education Department

By:

BORJA, LANCE AL JACOB C.

COSTALES, MARK KERVI E.

DACAYO, GISELE AIRA V.

GAPUZ, SHERRY ANN D.

2024
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Students often face numerous responsibilities at school, particularly with related

artwork. For instance, certain artwork requires specific materials in order to make work

easier, and glue is one of those materials that plays a crucial role, particularly for paper

crafts.

Glue is one of the essential material to make a creative project more manageable.

Since it sticks things well and helps keep everything in order. Furthermore, glue is very

important because it serves as a bonding agent that can hold materials together, enabling

the creation and repair of a wide range of objects.

As stated by Woodford (2022), polyvinyl acetate is a common adhesive in art

applications, known for its effectiveness in bonding various materials. However, when it

is applied, it often contains solvents that can evaporate and produce strong odors. These

solvents are necessary to keep the adhesive workable but can lead to unpleasant smells

during application and drying. Polyvinyl acetate is basically a kind of glue, and it's pretty

good at sticking stuff together on various surfaces. But it got some extra chemicals keep

it workable. As it dries up, those chemicals leave a strong smell.

For this reason, the researchers aim to develop an organic alternative glue for

students who hate the smell of glue. Based on the study of Allejo et al. (2024), the

mucilage in the upper part of the Albelmoschus esculentus has a slimy texture. This

mucilage has the potential to be a good substitute for glue.

 In addition, Aloe barbadensis miller is very common and easy to grow in our

society. So the researchers explored it and found out that it can be an alternative glue.

Moreover, in the recent study of Mosaad (2021), Aloe barbabadensis miller can serve as

an alternative to glue due to its unique properties like viscosity, making it suitable for

applications. Aloe barbadensis miller can be used as a natural adhesive because of its

sticky texture makes it good for binding materials. It's a simple and effective way to stick

things together without using chemicals.

Futhermore, adding Cananga odorata into our organic adhesive glue, which is

primarily derived from Abelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller, aims to

enhance the adhesives scent profile. Chaoyun et al. (2014), asserted that the appealing

scent of Cananga odorata has made it popular in perfumery and aromatherapy. Its

fragrance is often used to create calming and relaxing environments, further enhancing its

desirability.

This project aims to develop an alternative organic adhesive that is made from

Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller. This research seeks to achieve

several objectives: firstly, to distinguish the effectiveness of Albelmoschus esculentus and

Aloe barbadensis miller instead of white craft glue as an alternative glue. Secondly, to

know the advantages and disadvantages between the organic Albelmoschus esculentus

and Aloe barbadensis miller glue instead of white craft glue. Thirdly, to know the

significant difference of the resulting natural glue with white craft glue in bonding

various materials. Lastly, to find out if the glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus and

Aloe barbadensis miller smells better than white craft glue.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the potential of Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe

barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata as an alternative way on making glue. This

research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Can Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata be

effective as an alternative glue in paper crafts?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Albelmoschus esculentus and

Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata glue instead of white craft glue in

bonding various materials?

3. Is there a significant difference between the glue made from Albelmoschus

esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata in white craft glue?

4. Is it possible that the glue made from Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis

miller with Cananga odorata smells better than white craft glue?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the glue made from Albelmoschus

esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata in white craft glue.
 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Input Process Output

Developing and
Evaluating
Experimental Group
Albelmoschus
(Organic Adhesive Experimentation esculentus and Aloe
Glue)
Observation barbadensis miller
with Cananga
odorata as an
Control group
Alternative Organic
(Commercial Glue)
Adhesive

Figure 1 illustrated the study’s conceptual framework, where the input included

two groups the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group

containing organic adhesive glue using Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis

miller with Cananga odorata, while the control group containing commercial glue. On

the other side, the process is made up of experimentation and observation. The output is

the developing and evaluating Albesmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with

Cananga odorata as an alternative organic adhesive.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be very much beneficial to the following:

Students. This research is important for students, as it encourages the investigation of

creative, sustainable materials in art. Students experience eco-friendly solutions by using

organic adhesives from Abelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with

Cananga odorata, which promotes creativity and awareness of how nature works into

their artistic practices.

Teachers. This study emphasizes the value of using Abelmoschus esculentus and Aloe

barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata as an alternative organic adhesives in

papercrafts. It gives teachers an excellent ideas for advocating for sustainable, non-toxic

materials and emphasizing their value in creative processes.

Readers. The readers will be able to know that Albelmoshus esculentus and Aloe

barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata can be use as an alternative organic adhesive.

Future Researchers. This study can be use as a reference for future studies that will be

undertaken in a similar field.

Scope and Delimitation

The purpose of this research is to develop an organic alternative glue using

Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata for

students. Specifically, it aims to ascertain whether the glue made from Albelmoschus

esculetus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata has a significant difference

in commercial glue and to know the advantages and disadvantages of using

Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata glue instead

of white craft glue when gluing colored paper.

The study focuses on comparing the effectiveness of the organic alternative glue to

commercial glue.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were use during the course of this research study:

Albelmoschus esculentus. A blooming plant that is commonly grown for its delicious

green pods, sometimes referred to as lady's finger or okra. It belongs to the mallow

family and is frequently used in cuisine, especially when making stews and soups.

(Sketcher, 2016).

Aloe barbadensis miller. The scientific name for Aloe vera, a plant known for its health

benefits. It contains acemannan, a bioactive compound with potential health-promoting

properties. (Estrada et al., 2023).

Cananga odorata. Commonly known as ylang-ylang, is an evergreen tropical tree

belonging to the Annonaceae family. It is renowned for its fragrant flowers. (Chen et al.,

2024).

Alternative. Represent the necessity of making choices, where one option is selected

while others are rejected. (Grigoryeva, 2023).

Organic. Products or materials are those made without the use of artificial chemicals or

derived from living organisms. Organic materials are generally environmentally benign

and biodegradable (Atiwesh et al., 2021).

Adhesive. Can be broadly defined as materials that create a bond between surfaces,

which can be permanent or temporary. (Dinte and Sylvester, 2018).

Effectiveness. Is defined as the success of an organization in achieving its planned goals.

(Putri and Suriyanti, 2023).

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the literature and studies on “Developing Albelmoschus

esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata as an Alternative Organic

Adhesive”.

Albelmoschus esculentus

According to the study of Ruiping (2014), Albelmoschus esculentus is commonly

known as okra. It is a flowering plant belonging to the mallow family, Malvaceae.

Albelmoschus esculentus is highly regarded for its nutritional benefits. It is rich in

vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like magnesium and potassium. Albelmoschus

esculentus is widely used in various cuisines around the world. It can be prepared in

numerous ways, including frying, boiling, and pickling. Furthermore, Albelmoschus

esculentus grows in warm climates, so that is why it is easy to find in our tropical

country. Adnan et al. (2021) explained that the immature green pods of Albelmoschus

esculentus are usually consumed as vegetables, while the extract of the pods also serves

as a thickening agent in numerous recipes for soups, as well as sauces, to augment their

viscosity. Albelmoschus esculentus, not only enjoyed as a nutritious vegetable but also

serve as a natural thickening, which can be used as a natural glue.

The mucilage of Albelmoschus esculentus can be isolated and processed to be

used as a glue to join paper. Although its adhesive qualities are suitable for small-scale

uses, such papercraft or art projects. Gorb et al. (2024). Albelmoschus esculentus not only

serves as a natural paper adhesive suitable for papercrafts, though it needs improvement
to match industrial glue strength, making it a promising eco-friendly option.

Additionally, According to Carneiro et al. (2019). Albelmoschus esculentus mucilage has

outstanding adhesive properties that are on par with those of synthetic adhesives, plus

environmentally friendly. Albelmoschus esculentus mucilage can be an alternative

organic glue and has possible uses in a number of industries, such as the arts.

Albelmoschus esculentus slimy stuff can be used to sticks things, almost as well as

synthetic glues. And it's totally natural and eco-friendly. Albelmoschus esculentus can

cause allergy reaction because some people may have an allergy or sensitivity to

Albelmoschus esculentus. Symptoms may include itching, hives, tingling in or around the

mouth, trouble breathing, and nasal congestion. Kumar (2024).

Aloe barbadensis miller

Aloe barbadensis miller, commonly known as Aloe vera, is a succulent plant

species that is widely recognized for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Also, Aloe

barbadensis miller belongs to the genus Aloe and part of the Asphodelaceae family. It is

a perennial plant that thrives in arid climates and is characterized by its thick, fleshy

leaves. The gel extracted from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis miller is rich in vitamins,

minerals, and amino acids. It contains vitamins A, C, E, and B vitamins. Baset et al.

(2024). This plant, part of the Aloe family, does well in dry climates. Its thick leaves are

filled with gel, which has essential nutrients Furthermore, Aloe barbadensis miller can be

a useful alternative glue in simple tasks, especially when you want something that is

natural, biodegradable, and safe to use. Fuentes and Femenia (2018). This means it’s a

good choice if you’re looking for an eco-friendly option that’s also safe to handle.
 Gomez et al. (2020), explained that Aloe barbadensis miller gel has a notable

adhesive strength, which qualifies it as a good environmentally friendly substitute for

synthetic adhesives. Its non-toxic and biodegradable qualities make Aloe barbadensis

miller a workable material for making natural, organic adhesives. Aloe barbadensis

miller is generally safe, but it can cause mild skin reactions, such as itching or burning, in

some people. To avoid side effects, use Aloe barbadensis miller on a small patch of skin

first and check for any signs of irritation or allergies. Lawrenson (2019). Aloe

barbadensis miller Its non-toxic and biodegradable nature means it won’t harm the

environment, making it a great choice for creating organic and safe adhesives.

Cananga odorata

Cananga odorata, commonly known as ylang-ylang, is a flowering tree belonging

to the Annonaceae family. Cananga odorata is widely distributed in tropical and

subtropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia, including countries like Thailand,

Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is commonly found in rainforests and grows well in

warm regions. The flowers are known for their unique star-like shape and are highly

aromatic. The essential oil extracted from the flowers of Cananga odorata is widely used

in aromatherapy and perfumery due to its sweet, floral scent. Fujimoto et al. (2014).

Additionally, because of its pleasant aroma, Cananga odorata essential oil can be used

effectively as an ingredient in fragrances, cosmetics, and aromatherapy products.

Ghiasvand et al. (2021). Due to the pleasant odor of Cananga odorata, we considered

applying Cananga odorata as one of the ingredients in the creation of organic glue

because of these qualities.

 The combination of Cananga odorata scent with Albelmoschus esculentus and

Aloe barbadensis miller for creating an alternative glue is an innovative and eco-friendly

solution. Albelmoschus esculentus contributes its mucilaginous properties for stickiness,

while Aloe barbadensis miller ensures moisture retention and a smoother texture,

enhancing the adhesive's effectiveness. The floral fragrance of Cananga odorata adds a

pleasant sensory aspect making the glue more sustainable. In the study by Groot and

Schmidt (2017), the flowers of Cananga odorata are primarily used to extract Cananga

odorata essential oil, which is highly valued in perfumery and aromatherapy. The oil is

known for its sweet, floral scent and is often used in cosmetics and personal care

products. This approach leverages organic materials for adhesion while introducing an

aromatic feature absent in conventional glues.

Despite the advantages of Cananga odorata it also has disadvantages. According

to the study of Groot and Schmidt (2017), Cananga odorata, may cause allergic

responses. Since Cananga odorata oil has a compound of isoeugenol that is a recognized

skin sensitizer and can trigger allergic reactions, it is important of not applying neat

Cananga odorata oil to the skin due to the risk of allergic reactions in sensitive

individuals. Even if it triggers an allergy in others, it will not be put on someone's skin. It

will only be blended to have a fragrant scent. It also has positive aspects, such as its

widespread use in the fragrance industry and its potential for further research into safer

cosmetic ingredients. Ahn et al. (2020).

 CHAPTER III

This chapter includes information on the research design, research specimen,

statistical data treatment, the materials and procedures for organic adhesive glue and

commercial glue preparation and application

Research Design

The study will use quasi- experimental research design. A quasi- experimental

study seeks to prove a causal connection between an independent and dependent variable.

According to Revesz and Rogers (2019), Quasi-experimental research designs

investigate causal relationships without random assignment, often using existing groups,

which may lead to challenges in establishing equivalence between groups.

The researchers employ a quasi-experimental research design to assess the

significant difference of commercial glue and organic adhesive glue made from

Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with Cananga odorata.

Research Specimen

The researchers will use two (10) pieces of paper as a sample to test the

effectiveness of two groups: five (5) for the commercial glue and five (5) for organic

adhesive glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with

Cananga odorata. Five paper will be glued using organic adhesive glue, while the other

five paper will be glued using commercial glue. The researchers will observe if there is

any significant difference between organic glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus and

Aloe barbadensis Miller with Cananga odorata in commercial glue.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In this investigation, the researches will employ the independent T-test, often

known as the Two Sample T-test. According to Berger and Fritz (2015), an independent

t-test compares the means of two separate groups to determine if there is a statistically

significant difference between them, assuming the samples are independent. The T-test is

the most appropriate to use to determine the significant difference of the organic adhesive

glue out of Albelmoschus esculentus, Aloe barbadensis miller, and Cananga odorata in

the commercial glue.

Materials

These are the required materials and the steps to be undertaken for the execution

of the research study output:

Materials:

 ‌600 grams of Albelmoschus esculentus

 900 mL of water

 90 grams of Aloe barbadensis miller

 8 Tablespoon of vinegar

 4 Tablespoon of baking soda

 Ylang-ylang flower

 Virgin coconut oil

 Half tablespoon of Ylang-ylang oil

 Bowl
  Spoon

 Blender

 Pan

 Pot

 Strainer

 Gas hob

Procedures:

Organic adhesive glue

1. Prepare the materials that are needed.

2. First, let's extract the Cananga odorata. Pick 15 pieces of it, then wash it and dry it

out. 3. After it dries out, remove the petals. Fill the jar or glass bottle with the petals and

put 30 ml of virgin coconut oil into the jar.

3. Then boil it in the pot that has 3 cups of water. Boil it for 10-15 minutes. Then put

aside the first.

4. Cut the Albelmoschus esculentus into pieces. After that, add 450 ml of water, then add

2 tablespoons of salt, and then just stir until the salt dissolves.

5. Then strain in to separate the Albelmoschus esculentus and the mucilage of it.

6. Next, scrape the Aloe barbadensis miller to extract 30 g of it. Then blend it to refine.

7. Mix the Albelmoschus esculentus mucilage and Aloe barbadensis miller mixtures

together. Pour the combined mixture into a pan and cook it over medium heat.
8. Add 6 tablespoons of flour, then add 2 tablespoons of sugar, and stir continuously until

the mixture becomes sticky.

9. Then add 2 tablespoons of vinegar and add 1 tablespoon of baking soda.

10. Once done, transfer it to an empty glue bottle. Tada! You have an alternative organic

adhesive.

Commercial Glue

1. Get one piece of white craft glue

2. Then put it in paper

Estimated price: White craft glue: Php. 290.00

Organic adhesive glue:

 Vinegar- Php. 10.00

 Baking soda- Php. 20.00

 Flour- Php. 20.00

 Virgin coconut oil- Php 130.00

 Okra- free

 Aloe vera- free

 Ylang-ylang- free

Total Cost: Php. 180.00

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data are provided in this chapter.

Table 1.

A comparison of the effectiveness of Commercial Glue and Organic Glue.

Trials Organic Glue White Craft Glue

A 12 10
B 10 10
C 13 13
D 12 14
E 14 14
Mean 12.2 12.2

Table 1 shows the t-test result comparing the effectiveness of organic glue and

white craft glue when used on paper. We observed the effectiveness of organic glue and

commercial glue using stopwatch. We used ten (10) papers to observed its effectiveness.

The study involved five trials (A–E), where the first trials has a 12s in organic

glue, and the white craft glue has 10s. In the second trial, the results of organic glue have

10s, and then the white craft glue has the same result in the second trial. The third trial of

the organic glue had 13s and the white craft glue has the same result. The fourth trial of

organic glue had 12s while the white craft glue had 14s. Then in the last trial, the result of

the organic glue was 14s, and then in white craft glue was also 14s. While the mean of

both glues was 12.2, meaning they performed equally. According to Huang et al. (2022),

Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller both have strong adhesive qualities
that are on par with those of traditional adhesives like white craft glue. Albelmoschus

esculentus is also used to create a long-lasting hemostatic bioadhesive with excellent

adhesive properties and biocompatibility. The effectiveness of Commercial Glue and

Organic Glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus in paper applications has been explored

through various studies, revealing that both types can perform comparably under certain

conditions. Wenhui (2017).

Table 2.

Comparison of Organic Glue and White Craft Glue in Terms of Adhesion, Skin

Sensitivity, and Respiratory Effects

Category O<W O>W O=W Interpretation

Adhesion
Bond Strength 1 1 3 No strong difference
Stickness 2 1 2 Mixed results
Skin Sensitivity
Organic glue causes less
Less Burning Skin 0 3 2
burning sensation
Organic glue causes less
Less Irritation Skin 0 2 3
irritation
Less Hives 0 1 4 No strong difference
Organic glue causes less
Less Itching 0 2 3
itching
Respiratory Effects
Organic glue causes less
Less Nasal Congestion 0 3 2
nasal congestion
Less Trouble Breathing 0 1 4 No strong difference
*Notes. O = Organic glue, W = White craft glue

Adhesion

The bond strength and stickness in the table was the result of the comparison of organic

glue and white craft glue in terms of adhesion. We conducted a survey to gather

information on adhesion, skin sensitivity, and respiratory effects. Only one (1) case

showed that organic glue had a weaker bond strength, while one (1) case showed that it

had a stronger bond. In the remaining three (3) cases, there was no difference in bond

strength. Therefore, the results indicate that there is no significant difference in bond

strength between the two glues. Aloe barbadensis miller mucilage has demonstrated
good bioadhesive properties, with a force of adhesion higher than some synthetic

alternatives. (Maru et al., 2013).

In terms of stickiness, two (2) cases showed that white craft glue was stickier

than organic glue, while one (1) case showed that organic glue was stickier than white

craft glue. In two (2) cases, both glues had equal stickiness. As a result, the findings on

stickiness show mixed results. In the study of Garg et al. (2023). The mucilage, or

Albelmoschus esculentus gum, is rich in polysaccharides such as rhamnose, galactose,

and glucose, which contribute to its viscosity and adhesive properties.

Skin Sensitivity

The less burning skin, less irritation skin, less hives, and less itching in the table

was the result of the comparison of organic glue and white craft glue in terms of skin

sensitivity. There were no cases where white craft glue caused less burning sensation than

organic glue. This means that organic glue results in less burning sensation overall. In

three (3) cases, organic glue caused less burning than white craft glue, while in two (2)

cases, both glues caused an equal burning sensation.

For skin irritation, there were no cases where white craft glue caused less

irritation. In two (2) cases, organic glue caused less skin irritation than white craft glue.

Meanwhile, three (3) cases showed no difference in irritation levels between the two

types of glue. Using Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller as adhesives

reveals that both materials have a low potential for irritation, making them appropriate for

a range of uses. It has been demonstrated that Aloe barbadensis miller gel works well in

topical applications without irritating the skin. Rompicherla et al. (2022).

 In terms of hives, there were no cases where white craft glue resulted in fewer

hives. One (1) case reported that organic glue caused fewer hives than white craft glue,

while four (4) cases showed no difference between the two.

As for itching, there were no cases where white craft glue caused less itching.

Two (2) cases reported that organic glue caused less itching than white craft glue, while

three (3) cases were tied, indicating that most participants did not perceive a difference in

itching between the two types of glue. Both Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe

barbadensis miller adhesives are biocompatible and biodegradable, making them safer

alternatives to synthetic adhesives. (Kharaziha et al., 2024).

Respiratory Effects

The less nasal congestion and less trouble breathing in the table was the result of

the comparison of organic glue and white craft glue in terms of respiratory. There were

no cases where white craft glue resulted in less nasal congestion. Three (3) cases reported

that organic glue caused less nasal congestion than white craft glue. Two (2) cases

showed no difference in nasal congestion levels between organic glue and white craft

glue. The use of organic glue made from okra and aloe vera may indeed result in less

nasal congestion compared to traditional glues, primarily due to their natural,

biocompatible, and mucoadhesive properties.

For trouble breathing, there were no cases where white craft glue caused less

trouble breathing. One (1) case reported that organic glue caused less trouble breathing

than white craft glue. Four (4) cases showed no difference in trouble breathing between

organic glue and white craft glue. Compared to chemical-based adhesives, which
frequently contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxic substances,

Albelmoschus esculentus mucilage poses fewer health risks, making it safer to use in

environments where human exposure occurs frequently, like homes and

schools.Buenaceda (2020). Furthermore, In the study Tanaka et al. 2016). glue made

from Aloe barbadensis miller cannot cause respiratory effects due to its safety is

nuanced. While Aloe barbadensis miller has been recognized for its medicinal properties

and safety in various applications.

Table 3.
Significance difference between the Organic Glue and White Craft Glue.

Organic Glue White Craft Glue

N 5 5
Mean 12.50 12.50
MD .00
t-value .00
p-value 1.000

 No significant difference. Meaning they have same effect.

Table 3 showed that there is no statistically significant difference between

Organic Glue and White Craft Glue in terms of time. 5Both glues had the same mean

(12.50), with a mean difference (MD) of .00. The t-value is .00, and the p-value is 1.000,

which is much higher than the common significance level of 0.05.

Since the p-value is not statistically significant, this indicates that Organic Glue

and White Craft Glue have the same effect in terms of time. Any slight variations in

results are likely due to random factors rather than an actual difference in performance.

Some participants reported minor differences in bond strength, stickiness, and skin

reactions, but these differences were inconsistent across trials. However, since the

majority of results showed no significant difference, it can be concluded that both glues

have similar overall effectiveness.

Table 4.
Organic Glue has a significantly milder scent than White Craft Glue

Organic Glue White Craft Glue

N 5 5
z-score 2.060
p-score 0.39

The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to determine whether there is a

statistically significant difference between Organic Glue and White Craft Glue in terms

of scent. The results showed a z-score of 2.060 and a p-value of 0.39.

A z-score of 2.060 indicates that Organic Glue was ranked higher than White

Craft Glue in terms of having a less intense scent. The p-value of 0.39 is less than the

significance level of 0.05, which means we reject the null hypothesis. This indicates that

there is a statistically significant difference between the two glues regarding scent

intensity. The comparison between Albelmoschus esculentus-based glue and white craft

glue reveals that while both exhibit similar effectiveness, their scent profiles differ

significantly, with Albelmoschus esculentus glue being more fragrant. This distinction

arises from the natural compounds present in Albelmoschus esculentus, which contribute

to its aromatic properties. (Sun et al., 2014).

Organic Glue has a less intense scent compared to White Craft Glue. Cananga

odorata helped enhance the scent of our Organic Glue. Based on the study of Nkede et

al. (2023). Cananga odorata essential oil has been shown to be effective in enhancing the

scent of alginate-based films, indicating its potential for use in glue formulation. Overall,

organic glue and white craft glue both perform the same effectiveness but in terms of

scent the organic glue have more fragrant.

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study contains the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendation of the

study.

Summary of Findings

The specimen in the study used 10 papers 5 for organic glue and 5 for white craft

glue to prove if there are significance differences between organic and commercial glue

in terms of effectiveness.

These are the following findings that the researchers found out.

1. Organic adhesive glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller

with Cananga odorata can be effective as an alternative glue in paper crafts..

2. Organic glue made of Albelmoschus esculentus and Aloe barbadensis miller with

Cananga odorata can less skin sensitivity issues and respiratory effects, while its

adhesion performance remains comparable to white craft glue.

3. The study found no significant difference between organic glue and white craft glue in

terms of effectiveness.

4. The organic glue has a better scent than the white craft glue due to the presence of

Cananga odorata.

Conclusion

The following conclusions were reached based on the information gathered.

1. The organic glue made from Albelmoschus esculentus, Aloe barbadensis miller, and

Cananga odorata is a suitable alternative for paper-based applications. It can also bond

materials with equal effectiveness to white craft glue.

2. The study confirms that the organic glue is as effective as white craft glue when it

comes to adhesion effectiveness.

3. Due to its natural composition, the organic glue is a safer option, reducing risks of skin

irritation and respiratory effects. This makes it suitable for people with sensitivities.

4. It has a more pleasant and natural scent compared to white craft glue.

Recommendations

Based on the findings, the following recommendations are advised by the

researchers.

1. The researchers recommend exploring other plants to become ingredients that could

enhance the glue's properties, such as natural thickeners, to make the glue more durable

and versatile for different applications.

2. The researchers recommend using a soft brush to apply the glue evenly on surfaces.

3. The researchers recommend improving the texture to make it smoother for better use.
 References

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