Title: Electrical AND Electronics
Name: Alybra Bowers
Candidate Number: 1001121594
Objectives: Students will be able to
(I)Distinguish between integrated circuits and discrete
components
(II)Identify pin connections of a typical L.C. device such as an AND
gate
(III)Connect an AND gate 1.C. in a circuit and verify its truth table
(iv) verify how an AND gate function can be replaced by two
mechanical switches.
Relevant Theory:
What are gates in electrical circuit ?
A gate in digital electronics means a circuit whose output is a 1
only for some specified combination of inputs. This type of circuit
is sometimes referred to as a combinational circuit.
Material List
Quantity Description
2 Single Pole Switch
1 Broad Base Receptacle
1 Octagonal Box (Metal)
2 Handy Box (Metal)
8 Ft Twin & Earth Sheeted Cable (2.5
mm²)
12 2.5mm² Power Clip
6 Galvanized Bonding Nipples
6 ¾ inch Dry Wall Screw
1 10 Watt Led Bulb
TOOL LIST
Quantity Description Use
1 Phillips screwdriver To screw down
components on
fixture
1 Flat head screwdriver To secure wires on
fixtures
1 1 Utility knife
1 Wire stripper To strip wire
1 Combination plier To combine wire
1 Hack Saw To cut PVC
1 Spring bender To bend PVC pipes
1 Drill To screw components
in place
Observation for the OR and AND Gate Circuit
Practical
The practical exercise began with gathering all the
necessary materials and tools for setting up the circuit.
These included live, neutral, and earth wires, a junction
box, a handy box, an octagonal box, a single-pole switch,
and twin and earth sheathed wires. Additionally, we
ensured that tools such as screwdrivers, wire strippers,
and a digital multimeter were available.
The first step was securing the junction box, handy box,
and octagonal box onto the work surface, ensuring proper
spacing for wire connections. Next, we routed the twin
and earth sheathed wires through the boxes, ensuring
that the wires were properly insulated and neatly
arranged.
For the AND gate circuit, we wired two switches in series
within the handy box to represent the two inputs. The live
wire was connected to the first switch, and a second wire
connected the first switch to the second switch. The
output was then connected from the second switch to the
octagonal box, where the indicator (such as a test lamp
or small load) was installed. The neutral wire was directly
connected to the output component, while the earth wire
was securely grounded. The circuit was designed so that
the indicator would only activate when both switches
were turned ON, confirming the AND logic.
For the OR gate circuit, we wired two switches in parallel
within the handy box. The live wire was connected to
both switches separately, and each switch had a direct
connection to the octagonal box, where the output
component was installed. The neutral wire was again
connected directly to the output component, and the
earth wire was properly grounded. This setup ensured
that the indicator would activate if either or both switches
were turned ON, confirming the OR logic.
Once all wiring was complete, we used a digital
multimeter to test voltage levels and check for continuity
in the circuit. The final test involved operating the
switches to observe the expected behavior:
In the AND gate circuit, the indicator activated only when
both switches were ON.
In the OR gate circuit, the indicator activated when either
or both switches were ON.
The circuit functioned as expected, successfully
demonstrating the logical operations of AND and OR
gates using electrical wiring and switches.
Conclusion
The practical successfully demonstrated AND and OR gate
functions using electrical wiring and switches. In the AND gate
circuit, the output activated only when both switches were ON,
confirming its logic. In the OR gate circuit, the output activated
when either switch was ON, proving its functionality.
Testing with a digital multimeter ensured proper connections,
grounding, and circuit operation. The results aligned with
expectations, reinforcing the importance of correct wiring,
insulation, and troubleshooting in logic-based electrical circuits.
