Estimating & Costing

THIRD YEAR DIPLOMA

(Code : 22503)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE))

Semester V – Civil Engineering Group (CE/CR/CS)

Strictly as per new revised ‘I’ Scheme w.e.f. academic year 2019-2020

Kavita L. Bawdekar
Department of Civil Engineering,
MAEER’s MITs Polytechnic, Pune.
Maharashtra, India.

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Estimating and Costing
Mrs. Kavita L. Bawdekar
(Semester V – Civil Engineering Group (CE/CR/CS), MSBTE)

Copyright © by Author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, or stored in a retrieval
system, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopy, recording, or other electronic or
mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by the way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or
otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than which it is
published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without
limiting the rights under copyright reserved above.

First Printed in India : June 2015

First Edition : June 2019 (As per ‘I’ Scheme, MSBTE)(TechKnowledge Publications)

This edition is for sale in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and designated countries in
South-East Asia. Sale and purchase of this book outside of these countries is unauthorized by the publisher.

Printed at : 37/2, Ashtvinayak Industrial Estate, Near Pari Company,

Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra State India,
Pune - 411041

ISBN : 978-93-89299-28-1

Published by
TechKnowledge Publications

Head Office : B/5, First floor, Maniratna Complex,

Taware Colony, Aranyeshwar Corner,
Pune - 411 009. Maharashtra State,
India. Ph : 91-20-24221234, 91-20-24225678.

[22503] (FID : MDO59) (New Code : MDO59A)

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 We dedicate this Publication soulfully and wholeheartedly,
in loving memory of our beloved founder director
Late. Shri. Pradeepsheth Lalchandji Lunawat,
who will always be an inspiration, a positive force and strong support
behind us.

Lt. Shri. Pradeepji L. Lunawat

Soulful Tribute and Gratitude for all Your

Sacrifices, Hardwork and 40 years of Strong Vision…….

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

(New Book Code : MDO59A)
 Dedicated To …..

Loving Daughter
“Jaee”

- Kavita L. Bawdekar

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Preface

It gives me great pleasure and sense of satisfaction in presenting this book dealing with
“Estimation &Costing ” to students of the Third year (T. Y. Civil) Diploma in Engineering.

Estimation & Costing is a traditional subject related to approximate cost of structure, material
rate, Labor rate etc. This book attempt to introduce & explain all aspect of Estimation & Costing. The
subject related content has been presented in simple language, & illustrated by giving practical approach
wherever possible. Sufficient care is taken to present the subject matter in the point wise form in most of
chapters.

Questions from previous question papers of MSBTE are included at the end of each chapter.

My sincere thanks to our Principal Mrs. R.S. Kale & H.O.D. Prof. Mrs. A. A. Dixit for giving me
such an opportunity to write this book. I express thanks to my friends& colleagues who knowingly or
unknowingly helped me during the preparation of this book.

I present this book in the loving memory of Late Shri Pradeepji Lunawat, Our source of
inspiration and a strong foundation of “TechKnowledge Publications”. He will always be remembered
in my heart and motivate me to achieve my new milestone.

I am thankful to Shri. Shital Bhandari, Shri. Arunoday Kumar and Shri. Chandroday Kumar for the
encouragement and support that they have extended. I am also thankful to the staff members of
TechKnowledge Publications and others for their efforts to make this book as good as it is. We have
jointly made every possible efforts to eliminate all the errors in this book. However if you find any,
please let us know, because that will help me to improve further.

Finally I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my parents as well as my family
because of them I am at this level of my career.

- Author



(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Syllabus

Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics

(in cognitive domain)

Unit - I : 1a. Explain the procedure of the 1.1 Estimating and Costing : Meaning,
Fundamentals of detailed estimate for the given purpose, Administrative Approval,
Estimating and structure. Technical Sanction and Budget
Costing 1b. Prepare the checklist for the given provision.
(Refer chapter 1) type of the civil structure. 1.2 Types of estimates : Approximate
1c. Select the mode of measurements estimate and detailed estimate.
for given items of work as per IS : 1.3 Detailed Estimate : of New work.
1200. 1.4 Types and Uses of Estimates : Revised
1d. Describe the required estimate, supplementary estimate,
specifications for the given item of revised, and supplementary estimate,
structure. repair and maintenance estimate,
1e. Apply the rules of deduction as per renovation Estimate.
IS 1200 for calculating the 1.5 Roles and responsibility of Estimator.
quantities of a structure. 1.6 Checklist of items of work in load
1f. Explain the salient features of the bearing and framed structure as per
administrative and technical execution.
approval for the given project. 1.7 Modes of measurement and Desired
1g. Classify the given type of estimate accuracy in measurements of different
on the basis of the purpose and items of work as per IS : 1200
type of work. 1.8 Rules for deduction in Masonry work,
Plastering and pointing and painting
work as per IS : 1200.
1.9 Description / specification of items of
building work as per PWD / DSR.
1.10 Standard formats of Measurement
sheet, Abstract sheet, Face sheet.

Unit - II : 2a. Explain the necessity of 2.1 Approximate estimate – Definition,

Approximate approximate estimate in the given Purpose.
Estimates situation. 2.2 Methods of approximate estimate –
(Refer chapter 2) 2b. Describe the methods used in Service unit method, Plinth area rate
determining the approximate method, Cubical content method, Typical
estimate for the given structure. bay method, Approximate quantity
2c. Prepare the approximate estimate method.
for given civil engineering works. 2.3 Approximate estimate for roads,
2d. Select the relevant method of Railways, bridges/culvert, irrigation
approximate estimate for the given projects and water supply projects.
structure. 2.4 Numericals on service unit method and
2e. Calculate approximate cost of the Plinth area rate method.
given structure.

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics
(in cognitive domain)

Unit - III : Detailed 3a. Describe the procedure of 3.1 Detailed Estimate : Definition and
Estimate preparation of detailed estimate for purpose, Data required for detailed
(Refer chapter 3) the given civil structure. estimate, Procedure of preparation of
detailed estimate – Taking out
3b. Identify the data required for given
quantities and Abstracting.
type of estimate.
3.2 Methods of Detailed Estimate : Unit
3c. Describe the relevant methods of
quantity method and total quantity
taking out quantities in the given
method.
type of estimate.
3.3 Long wall and short wall method (out
3d. Calculate the quantities of the to out and in to in method or PWD
given items for the given Load method), Centre line method.
bearing structure.
3.4 Bar bending schedule.
3e. Calculate the quantities of the
3.5 Steel requirement for footing, column,
given items (of footing, column,
beam, Lintel, chajja and slab.
beam, Lintel, chajja, slaband
Brickwork) for the given RCC 3.6 Provisions in detailed estimate :
framed structure. contingencies, work charged
establishment, centage charges, water
3f. Calculate the approximate quantity
supply and sanitary charges and
of steel for the given RCC member
electrification charges.
such as footing, column, beam,
Lintel, chajja and slab. 3.7 Prime cost, Provisional sum,
provisional Quantities, Bill of
3g. Prepare the bill of quantity for the quantities, Spot items or site items,
given type of civil work. Day work.

Unit - IV : Rate 4a. Explain the factors that affect the 4.1 Rate Analysis : Definition, purpose,
Analysis rate analysis of the given item of importance and factors affecting.
(Refer chapter 4 ) work. 4.2 Lead (Standard and Extra), lift,
4b. Describe Procedure of rate analysis overhead charges, water charges and
for the given item of work. contractors profit.
4c. Mention task work for given type 4.3 Procedure of rate analysis.
of work. 4.4 Task work : Definition, factors
4d. Prepare rate analysis for the given Affecting, types. Task work of
items of work. different skilled labour for different
4e. Describe the factors affecting the items.
task work for the given situation. 4.5 Categories of labours, their daily
wages, types and number of labours
for different items of work.
4.6 Load carrying capacity of different
types of vehicles. Transportation of
materials and their hire charges.
4.7 Preparing rate analysis of different
items of work – PCC, RCC work in
(column, beam, lintel, slab), brick
masonry. Stone masonry, Vitrified tile
flooring, plastering, Wood work for
doors.

(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics
(in cognitive domain)

Unit - V : Estimate for 5a. Calculate the earthwork quantity 5.1 Earthwork : Quantities for roads.
Civil Engineering for the given civil engineering Bunds and canal by - Mid sectional
Works works. area method. mean sectional area
(Refer chapter 5 5b. Explain the relevant method(s) of method, Prismoidal formula method
calculating the quantity of and trapezoidal formula method.
earthwork of the given work. 5.2 Detailed estimate for septic tank,
5c. Prepare detailed estimate for given community well.
civil engineering work. 5.3 Use of computer / software’s /
5d. Use the relevant software for programmes for detailed estimate
preparing the detailed estimate for Preparation of Civil Engineering
the given work. works.



(New Book Code : MDO59A)

 Estimating and Costing (MSBTE) 1 Table of Contents

UNIT I 1.8.3 Rules for Painting Works ............................................... 1-9

1.9 DSR (District Schedule Rates) ...................................... 1-9

Chapter 1 : Fundamentals of Estimating and Costing
1-1 to 1-17 1.9.1 Brief Specifications........................................................ 1-9

Syllabus : Estimating and Costing : Meaning, purpose, 1.9.2 Brief Specifications from DSR - 2014 .......................... 1-10
Administrative Approval, Technical Sanction and Budget
1.10 Standard formats......................................................... 1-12
provision. Types of estimates : Approximate estimate and
detailed estimate. Detailed Estimate : of New work. Types and 1.10.1 Measurement Sheet .................................................... 1-12
Uses of Estimates : Revised estimate, supplementary estimate,
revised, and supplementary estimate, repair and maintenance 1.10.2 Abstract Sheet ............................................................ 1-12
estimate, renovation Estimate. Roles and responsibility of
1.10.3 Face Sheet.................................................................. 1-13
Estimator. Checklist of items of work in load bearing and framed
structure as per execution. Modes of measurement and Desired 1.11 Solved Examples ........................................................ 1-13
accuracy in measurements of different items of work as per IS :
1200 Rules for deduction in Masonry work, Plastering and 1.12 MSBTE Questions and Answers ................................. 1-14
pointing and painting work as per IS : 1200. Description /
specification of items of building work as per PWD / DSR. UNIT II
Standard formats of Measurement sheet, Abstract sheet, Face
sheet. Chapter 2 : Approximate Estimates 2-1 to 2-9

1.1 Introduction ................................................................... 1-1 Syllabus : Approximate estimate – Definition, Purpose.

Methods of approximate estimate – Service unit method, Plinth
1.1.1 Meaning of Estimating and Costing ............................... 1-1 area rate method, Cubical content method, Typical bay method,
Approximate quantity method. Approximate estimate for roads,
1.1.2 Purpose of Estimating and Costing ............................... 1-2
Railways, bridges/ culvert, irrigation projects and water supply
1.1.3 Administrative Approval ................................................. 1-2 projects. Numericals on service unit method and Plinth area rate
method.
1.1.4 Technical sanction ........................................................ 1-2
2.1 Approximate Estimate ................................................... 2-1
1.2 Types of Estimate ......................................................... 1-2
2.1.1 Purpose of approximate estimate .................................. 2-1
1.3 Detailed Estimate .......................................................... 1-2
2.2 Types of Approximate Estimate..................................... 2-1
1.4 Types and Uses of Estimates ........................................ 1-3
2.2.1 Service Unit Method ...................................................... 2-2
1.4.1 Revised Estimate .......................................................... 1-3
2.2.2 Plinth Area Method ........................................................ 2-2
1.4.2 Supplementary Estimate ............................................... 1-3
2.2.3 Cubical Content Method ................................................ 2-2
1.4.3 Revised and Supplementary Estimate ........................... 1-3
2.2.4 Typical Bay Method ....................................................... 2-3
1.4.4 Repair and Maintenance Estimate................................. 1-4
2.2.5 Approximate Quantity Method ....................................... 2-3
1.4.5 Comparison between Revised Estimate and
2.3 Introduction of Approximate Estimate ............................ 2-3
Supplementary Estimate ............................................... 1-4
2.3.1 Types of Area ................................................................ 2-3
1.5 Renovation Estimate ..................................................... 1-4
2.3.2 Approximate Estimate of Roads and Highways ............. 2-4
1.6 Roles and Responsibilities of Estimator ........................ 1-5
2.3.3 Approximate Estimate of Railway Project ...................... 2-4
1.7 Modes of Measurement ................................................. 1-5
2.3.4 Estimate for Bridges / Culverts ...................................... 2-4
1.7.1 Units of Measurements ................................................. 1-5
2.3.5 Approximate Estimate of Irrigation Project .................... 2-5
1.8 Desired Accuracy in Taking Measurement
of Various Items ............................................................ 1-7 2.3.6 Procedure For Preparing Estimate of
Water Supply Project .................................................... 2-5
1.8.1 Rules for Deductions in Brickwork ................................. 1-7

1.8.2 Rules for Deduction in Plastering and Pointing .............. 1-8

 Estimating and Costing (MSBTE) 2 Table of Contents

2.4 Problems on Plinth area Method and 3.5.4 Water Supply and Sanitary Arrangements .................. 3-31
Service Unit Method ...................................................... 2-5
3.5.5 Internal Electrification .................................................. 3-31
2.5 MSBTE Questions and Answers ................................... 2-8
3.5.6 Prime Cost .................................................................. 3-31

UNIT III 3.5.7 Provisional Sum .......................................................... 3-31

3.5.8 Day Work .................................................................... 3-32

Chapter 3 : Detailed Estimate 3-1 to 3-35

Syllabus : Detailed Estimate : Definition and purpose, Data 3.5.9 Provisional Quantities.................................................. 3-32
required for detailed estimate, Procedure of preparation of
3.5.10 Bill of Quantities .......................................................... 3-32
detailed estimate – Taking out quantities and Abstracting.
Methods of Detailed Estimate : Unit quantity method and total 3.5.11 Spot or Site Items ....................................................... 3-32
quantity method. Long wall and short wall method (out to out
and in to in method or PWD method), Centre line method. Bar 3.6 MSBTE Questions and Answers ................................. 3-32
bending schedule. Steel requirement for footing, column, beam,
Lintel, chajja and slab. Provisions in detailed estimate :
UNIT IV
contingencies, work charged establishment, centage charges,
water supply and sanitary charges and electrification charges. Chapter 4 : Rate Analysis 4-1 to 4-28
Prime cost, Provisional sum, provisional Quantities, Bill of
Syllabus : Rate Analysis : Definition, purpose, importance and
quantities, Spot items or site items, Day work.
factors affecting. Lead (Standard and Extra), lift, overhead
3.1 Definition of Detailed Estimate ...................................... 3-1 charges, water charges and contractors profit, Procedure of rate
analysis. Task work : Definition, factors Affecting, types. Task
3.1.1 Data Required for Detailed Estimate ............................. 3-1 work of different skilled labour for different items. Categories of
labours, their daily wages, types and number of labours for
3.1.2 Steps in Preparation of Detailed Estimate ..................... 3-2
different items of work. Load carrying capacity of different types
3.1.3 Taking out Quantities and Abstracting ........................... 3-2 of vehicles. Transportation of materials and their hire charges.
Preparing rate analysis of different items of work – PCC, RCC
3.1.4 Purpose of Detailed Estimate ........................................ 3-3 work in (column, beam, lintel, slab), brick masonry. Stone
masonry, Vitrified tile flooring, plastering, Wood work for doors.
3.2 Methods of Detailed Estimates ...................................... 3-3
4.1 Introduction ................................................................... 4-1
3.2.1 Unit Quantity Method..................................................... 3-3
4.2 Rate Analysis ................................................................ 4-1
3.2.2 Total Quantity Method ................................................... 3-3
4.2.1 Purpose of Rate Analysis .............................................. 4-1
3.3 Long Wall and Short Wall Method ................................. 3-3
4.2.2 Importance of Rate Analysis ......................................... 4-2
3.3.1 Methods for Taking out Quantities by Long Wall
4.3 Factors Affecting Rate Analysis .................................... 4-2
and Short Wall Method / P.W.D Method ........................ 3-3
4.3.1 Major Factors ................................................................ 4-2
3.3.2 Center Line Method ....................................................... 3-4
4.3.2 Minor Factors ................................................................ 4-3
3.3.3 3-Dimensional View of Footing and Wall ....................... 3-4
4.4 Procedure of Rate Analysis ........................................... 4-3
3.4 Bar Bending Schedule................................................... 3-4
4.5 Meaning of Terms ......................................................... 4-4
3.4.1 For Slab ...................................................................... 3-14
4.5.1 Lead .............................................................................. 4-4
3.4.2 Lintel and Chajja ......................................................... 3-17
4.5.2 Lift ................................................................................. 4-4
3.4.3 Footing ........................................................................ 3-18
4.6 Task Work..................................................................... 4-5
3.5 Provisions to be Made in Detail Estimate .................... 3-30
4.6.1 Task Work / Day Work / Out Turn ................................. 4-5
3.5.1 Contingencies ............................................................. 3-30
4.6.2 Factors Affecting Task Work ......................................... 4-5
3.5.2 Work Charged Establishment...................................... 3-31

3.5.3 Centage Charges ........................................................ 3-31

 Estimating and Costing (MSBTE) 3 Table of Contents

4.6.3 Task Work Per Day Skilled Labour 5.1 Earthwork ...................................................................... 5-1
(as per Maharashtra PWD)........................................... 4-5
5.1.1 Prismoidal Formula Method .......................................... 5-1
4.7 Categories of Labours ................................................... 4-6
5.1.2 Trapezoidal Formula ..................................................... 5-1
4.8 Conveyance Capacity of Different Types of Vehicle ...... 4-6
5.1.3 Mean - Sectional Area Methods .................................... 5-2
4.8.1 Load Carrying Capacity ................................................. 4-6
5.1.4 Mid Sectional Area Method ........................................... 5-2
4.8.2 Load Carrying Capacity of Two Bullock Cart ................. 4-6
5.1.5 Solved Examples .......................................................... 5-2
4.9 Labour Required for Different Works ............................. 4-7
5.2 Detailed Estimate for Septic Tank ............................... 5-17
4.10 Solved Examples .......................................................... 4-8
5.2.1 Septic Tank ................................................................. 5-17
4.11 MSBTE Questions and Answers ................................. 4-26
5.2.2 Solved Examples ........................................................ 5-17

UNIT V 5.3 Community Well .......................................................... 5-29

5.3.1 Solved Examples ........................................................ 5-29

Chapter 5 : Estimate for Civil Engineering Works
5-1 to 5-42 5.4 Use of Computer / Software / Programmes for

Syllabus : Earthwork : Quantities for roads. Bunds and canal by detailed Estimate Preparation of Building Works ......... 5-36
- Mid sectional area method. mean sectional area method,
5.5 MSBTE Questions and Answers ................................. 5-37
Prismoidal formula method and trapezoidal formula method.
Detailed estimate for septic tank, community well. Use of
computer / software’s / programmes for detailed estimate
Preparation of Civil Engineering works.


 Fundamentals of Estimating and
1 Costing
UNIT I

Syllabus :
1.1 Estimating and Costing : Meaning, purpose, Administrative Approval, Technical Sanction and Budget provision.
1.2 Types of estimates : Approximate estimate and detailed estimate.
1.3 Detailed Estimate : of New work.
1.4 Types and Uses of Estimates : Revised estimate, supplementary estimate, revised, and supplementary
estimate, repair and maintenance estimate, renovation Estimate.
1.5 Roles and responsibility of Estimator.
1.6 Checklist of items of work in load bearing and framed structure as per execution.
1.7 Modes of measurement and Desired accuracy in measurements of different items of work as per IS : 1200
1.8 Rules for deduction in Masonry work, Plastering and pointing and painting work as per IS : 1200.
1.9 Description / specification of items of building work as per PWD / DSR.
1.10 Standard formats of Measurement sheet, Abstract sheet, Face sheet.

1.1 Introduction

Estimates
Meaning of the term estimating and costing, purpose of estimating and costing. Types of estimates and their purpose.
Approximate estimate
Plinth area rate method, Cubical content method, Service unit method, Typical bay method, Approximate quantity
method.
Problems on plinth area rate method and use of service unit method for selection of service units for different types of
buildings.
Detailed estimate
Detailed estimate, revised estimate, supplementary estimate, revised and supplementary estimate, repair and
maintenance estimate and their uses in practical situation.

1.1.1 Meaning of Estimating and Costing

( MSBTE– S-12, S-13, S-15, S-16, W-16, W-17, S-18)

Q. State the meaning of the term estimating and costing. S-12, S-13, S-15, S-16, S-18
Q. What is estimating and costing and state two purpose of estimating and costing. W-16, W-17

Definition : Estimating is the technique of calculating the quantities for various items and the expected amount required
for the completion of particular work or project.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-2 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

1.1.2 Purpose of Estimating and Costing

( MSBTE –S-14, W-14, S-15, W-15. S-16, W-16, W-17, S-17, W-18)

Q. State any four purposes of estimating and costing.

S-14, W-14, S-15, W-15,S-16,W-17,S-17, W-18
Q. What is estimating and costing and state two purpose of estimating and costing. W-16

1. To have an rough idea of the materials required for the work.

2. To understand the no of skilled and unskilled labours required for the completion of the work.
3. To assess the machinery required for the project.
4. To understand time required to complete the project.
5. To fix the schedule of project.
6. To arrange funds required for the project.
7. For inviting tenders.

1.1.3 Administrative Approval

For any work in PWD it is necessary to take formal acceptance with respect to cost and work. It is called as
administrative approval. For administrative approval department sends proposal to government for taking up the work.
After considering all aspects like feasibility, financial aspect government accepts proposal.

1.1.4 Technical sanction

Technical sanction Technical sanction means the sanction of detail estimate, design, rules and cost of work. It is
sanctioned by competent authority. The work is taken for the execution only after the technical sanction.

1.2 Types of Estimate

( MSBTE – S-15, S-16, S-18)

Q. State the different types of detailed estimate. S-15

Q. Enlist types of estimate. Mention the situations when supplementary estimate is prepared. S-16, S-18

There are two types of estimates


Fig. C.1.1 : Types of Estimate

1.3 Detailed Estimate

( MSBTE – S-12, S-14, W-16)

Q. State the different types of detailed estimate. S-12, S-14, W-16

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-3 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Different types of Detailed Estimate

Fig. C.1.2 : Types of Detailed Estimate

1.4 Types and Uses of Estimates

1.4.1 Revised Estimate

( MSBTE–W-13, W-16,S-14, S-15, S-18)

Q. Mention the circumstances under which revised estimate is prepared. W-13, S-14, S-15, S-18
Q. Explain revised estimate. S-15, W-16

Definition : A revised estimate is a detailed estimate for the revised quantities and rates of items of works originally
provided in the estimate prepared and submitted for fresh technical sanction.
 It is required to be prepared for the following reasons :
 When sanctioned estimate is likely to exceed by more than 5% either from the rates being found insufficient or from
any cause whatsoever except important structural alterations.
 When the expenditure of work exceeds or is likely to exceed more than 10% of the administrative approval.
 When there are material deviations from the original proposal but not due to material deviation of a structural nature.
 When it is found that sanctioned estimate is more than actual requirement.

1.4.2 Supplementary Estimate

(MSBTE– S-12, W-12, W-13, S-15, S-16, S-18)

Q. Mention the circumstances under which supplementary estimate is prepared. W-13, S-15, S-18
Q. Explain supplementary estimate. W-12, S-15
Q. Enlist types of estimate. Mention the situations when supplementary estimate is prepared. S-16
 At the time of actual execution of work some changes or additional work has to be done for development of project.
 These changes are due to material deviation or difference in structural design. Separate abstract sheet should be
prepared. This estimate is called supplementary estimate.
1.4.3 Revised and Supplementary Estimate
(MSBTE–W-18)

Q. Describe in brief revised and supplementary estimate. W-18

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-4 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

 When the work of construction is in progress and if it is found that there is increase in volume of original project and
at the same time sanction of supplementary work.
 In such cases above type of estimate is prepared. The amount of supplementary estimate is added to the revised
estimate showing amount separately.
1.4.4 Repair and Maintenance Estimate
Definition : When the work is over it is necessary to maintain the structure in proper condition. For this purpose an
estimate is prepared is called Repair and Maintenance estimate.
 For roads the annual repair and maintenance estimate is provided for patch repairing, repairs of bridges and culverts
 For building this estimate is prepared for white washing colouring, painting of doors and windows.

1.4.5 Comparison between Revised Estimate and Supplementary Estimate

(MSBTE – W-11, S-17)

Q. Compare any two points between revised and supplementary estimate. W-11, S-17

Sr. No. Revised estimate Supplementary estimate

1 It is prepared when the original sanctioned estimate It is prepared when there additional work is required
exceeds more than 5% to supplement original work

2 It is prepared when there is change in material and It is prepared when some items are added or excluded
labor rates from the original estimate

3 abstract sheet is not required Separate abstract sheet is required

4 Revision or addition of drawing is not necessary. Revision or addition of drawing may be required.

1.5 Renovation Estimate

The estimate which is prepared for renovation work is called as Renovation Estimate.
For example in residential bunglow :
1. If flooring has to be changed.
2. Internal wall is to be added or removed
3. Dado, has to be changed.
4. W.C. bath fittings has to be changed.
Renovation estimate is to be prepared.
Taking out quantities
 Divide the work into different items of work like earthwork, concrete brickwork etc. Take details of measurements of
each item of work and entre it Measurement sheet.
 Once the measurement of each item of work is entered in Measurement sheet multiplication columns are done.
Abstracting
 The cost of each item of work is calculated at the workable rates. The total cost is work out and entered in the
abstract sheet form 3% to 5% contingencies are added and 1% of work charge establishment is added.
 At the end the grand total is obtained.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-5 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

1.6 Roles and Responsibilities of Estimator

1. Analyze drawings and specification.

2. Understand contract term and condition.
3. Provide detail quantity take offs.
4. Maintain relationship with sub contractors and clients.
5. Identify labour, materials and time requirements and compute cost.

1.7 Modes of Measurement

For every item the mode of measurement is different. There may be difference between unit on different sites.
Therefore a uniform system of measurement is provided. IS-1200 specifies the mode of measurement IS-1200 mode of
measurement help us to have smooth payment on site.

1.7.1 Units of Measurements

( MSBTE –W-14, S-15, S-16, W-16, S-17,W-18)

Q. Suggest the mode measurement for following :

(1) PCC (1:2:4) (2) Brickwork 30 cm thick
(3) Stone work (4) Manholes S-16
Q. Suggest the mode of measurement for following cases :
(i) Iron gate (ii) Wood work (iii) Pointing (iv) Skirting W-14
Q. State the mode of measurement for following items of work
(i) Honey combed brickwork (ii) Collapsible gate (steel)
(iii) Form work (iv) Brickwork (10 cm thick) in partition wall
(v) Dado (vi) Wood work for door frame S-15, S-17
Q. State the units of measurement for following item of work : Flooring, Concrete, basin and plastering. W-16
Q. State standard mode of measurement for following items of work
(i) DPC (ii) Wood work for door frame
(iii) Skirting (iv) Ornamental cornice
(v) Honey combed brickwork (vi) Form work W-18

Sr. No. Unit of measurement Sq. m/Lump sum

1. Site clearance cutting big trees No

2. Earthwork Cu. m

3. P.C.C. Cu. m

4. Stone masonry Cu. m

5. Brick work (30 cm LW) Cu. m

6. Brick work (1/2 brick) Sq. m

7. Honey-combed brickwork Sq. m

8. R.C.C. Cu. M

9. Steel Quintal/kg
Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-6 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Sr. No. Unit of measurement Sq. m/Lump sum

10. D.P.C. Sq. m

11. Flooring Sq. m

12. Wood work for door and window frame Cu. m

13. Door window shutter Sq. m

14. Shuttering, Centering Sq. m

15. Collapsible gate Sq. m

16. Plastering, Pointing Sq. m

17. Coloring/distempering Sq. m

18. Dado Sq. m

19. Skirting up to 30 cm RMT

20. Skirting above 30 cm Sq. m

21. Cornice RMT

22. Riling Railing RMT

23. Water proofing paste/liquid Kg

24. Electric wiring Point

25. Brick on edge Number

26. Manhole and inspection chamber Number

27. Barbed wire fencing RMT

28. Surface dressing and levelling Sq. m

29. Rolled steel beams Quintal

30. Grouting Sq. m

31. Form work Sq. m

32. Rain water pipe RMT

33. Water and sewer pine RMT

34. Sand filling Cu. m

35. Bib cock, stop cock Numbers

36. W.C. Pan/wash basin Numbers

37. Cavity walls Sq. m

38. A.C. Sheets, G. I. sheets Sq. m

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-7 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

1.8 Desired Accuracy in Taking Measurement of Various Items

( MSBTE – W-14, W-15, S-18)

Q. Write the rules for desired accuracy in taking the measurements as per IS 1200. W-14, W-15, S-18

On any construction site accuracy in measurements of various items is very necessary.

For achieving this accuracy following points should be considered. On site dimensions shall be measured to the
nearest 0.01 m except the following items :

1. Slab thickness should be measured nearest to 0.005 m i.e. If required slab thickness is 150 mm then the allowed limit
for thickness of slab is 140 mm to 155 mm.

2. For wood work the measurement should be taken nearest to 0.002 m. i.e. for 50 mm width door frame the allowed
measurement is 48 mm to 52 mm.
3. Reinforcement should be measured to nearest 0.005 m.
4. For road work having thickness less than 20 cm, the measurement should be nearest to 0.005 m.
2 2
5. Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m i.e. for a room if area is 12 m square the allowable limit should 12.01
2 2
m to 11.99 m .
3
6. Cubic dimension should be work out to nearest 0.01 m .
3
7. Wood work in cubic m should be nearest to 0.001 m .
8. For weight the measurement should be nearest to 1 Kg.
1.8.1 Rules for Deductions in Brickwork ( MSBTE –S-14, W-14, S-15, W-16, W-17,S-18,W-18)

Q. State rules for deduction in brickwork as per IS 1200. S-14, W-14, S-15, W-16

Q. State rules for masonry as per IS 1200. S-18

Q. Describe in brief rules of deduction for opening as per IS 1200 for brick work . W-17,W-18

No deduction is made for the following

2
1. Openings up to 0.1 m are not considered while deducting
2. Ends of beams, post, rafters, purlins etc are not considered up to 0.05 Sq. m. in section are not deducted.
3. Bed plates, wall plates, bearing up to thickness 10 cm are not deducted.
4. Bearing of roof slab is not deducted from masonry in super structure.
The openings other than above the deductions are made as follows :
1. Rectangular opening
Deduction = lht
Where, t = thickness

Fig. 1.8.1
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-8 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

2. Segmental arch opening

Deduction = l  h + 2  l  r  t
 3 
Where, r = radius of arch t = thickness

Fig. 1.8.2

3. Small segmental arch opening

Deduction = lht

Fig. 1.8.3

4. Semi-circular arch

Deduction = l  h + 2  l  r  t
 3 

Fig. 1.8.4

1.8.2 Rules for Deduction in Plastering and Pointing

(MSBTE – S-14, W-14, S-15, W-15, S-16, S-18, W-18)

Q. State the rules for deduction in plastering and pointing. S-14, W-14, S-15
Q. State the rules for plastering as per IS 1200. W-14, W-15, S-16, S-18,W-18
Rules for deduction in plastering and pointing. For plastering are as follows. Plastering thickness is very negligible
(thickness is 12 mm) therefore it is calculated in Sq. m.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-9 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Rules for deduction are as follows :

1. No deduction is made for ends of beams, posts, rafters.

2. No deduction is made for opening up to 0.5 Sq. m.

3. For opening more than 0.5 Sq. m and up to 3 Sq. m deduction is made for one face only. No addition for jambs, soffits
and sills.

4. For opening above 3 Sq. m deduction is made for both faces of openings and the jambs, soffits and sill shall be added.

1.8.3 Rules for Painting Works ( MSBTE - W-16)

Q. Explain Painting work (Internal) W-16

1. Painting of doors and windows are computed in Sq. m.

2. Dimensions are taken from out to out.

Following are the multiplying factors for different door surface :
Sr. No. Door type Multiplying factor
1. Panelled door 1
1 8 (for one side)

2. Fully glazed window 1

2 (for one side)
3. Partly panelled and partly glazed 1 (for one side)
4. Flush door 1 (for one side)
5. Louvered door 1
1 2 (for one side)

6. For corrugated sheet 1.1 (for one side)

7. M. S. Grill 1.00

1.9 DSR (District Schedule Rates)

( MSBTE – S-14, S-16, S-18,W-18)

Q. Explain in brief DSR. S-14

Q. Describe D.S.R. State its uses. S-16, S-18,W-18

 As the name indicate it is booklet of printed rates of different items, labour etc as per the region. These rates
according to locally available materials, labours.
 For government contract we have to use DSR rates.
 The rates given in DSR are revised for every year. In DSR various item rates including cost of material labour rates, lead
and lift, transportation charges are included 10% contractors profit is included in it.
 DSR are different for different region like Pune, Mumbai, Nagpur, Aurangabad etc.

1.9.1 Brief Specifications

1. Excavation
Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact width of foundation, the sides should be vertical. The excavated
3
material should transported upto 30 m. It should be measured in m .
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-10 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

2. PCC
3
Plain cement concrete should be of specified proportion for example 1:2:4 or 1:4:8. It should be measured in m .
3. UCR
Uncoursed rubble masonry is measured in cubic m. UCR in foundation and UCR in plinth are calculated separately. As
the rates are different for these two. The verticality of masonry should be checked.
4. Brick Masonry
3
 Brick work should be calculated in m if the thickness of wall is more than 10 cm. i.e. for partition wall or
honeycombed brick wall the quantity is calculated in m2.
 The deductions should be made as per IS-1200.
5. Door and windows
3
 Door and window frames are calculated in m . The rates of different types of doors are different therefore quantity is
calculated separately.
 For example quantities of panelled door, glazed door partly panelled, PVC door etc. are calculated separately.
6. Plastering and pointing
2
 Plastering is calculated in m as the thickness generally 12 mm is negligible. Deduction should be made as per
IS-1200. Internal and external plastering quantities are calculated separately.
 Plastering for ceiling is calculated separately as the mortar proportion is different. Neeru finish plaster is used as
internal plaster and sand face. Plaster as external plaster.
7. Colouring
 Colouring is calculated in square meter. Internal colouring quantity is same as that of internal plaster and external
colouring quantity is same as that of external plaster.
 Painting of door windows and grills quantity is find out as per IS-1200. Brand of paint should be specified number of
coats should specified.
8. Flooring
2
Flooring is measured in m . Quantity of flooring is similar to ceiling plaster. Rate of flooring is different for different
types i.e. glazed tiles, mosaic tiles.

1.9.2 Brief Specifications from DSR - 2014

Sr. Description Unit Completed Labour

No. Rate (Rs) Rate (Rs)

1. Cutting down trees including trunks and branches and stacking the Number 423 423
materials neatly with a lead of 50m. as directed with girths above 30cm to
60cm. Spec. No. MORTH 201.

2. Excavation for foundation in earth, soil of all types, sand, gravel and soft Cubic 138.00 138.00
murum, including removing the excavated material up to a distance of 50 Meter
m. beyond the building area and stacking and spreading as directed,
dewatering, preparing the bed for the foundation and necessary back
filling, ramming, watering including shoring and strutting etc.
complete.(Lift upto 1.5m.) By Manual Means Spec. No. : Bd A.1 page no.
259.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-11 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Sr. Description Unit Completed Labour

No. Rate (Rs) Rate (Rs)

3. Filling in plinth and floors with approved excavated materials in 15 cm to Cubic 58 58

20 cm layers including watering and compaction complete. Spec. No. : Bd. Meter
A 10 page No. 262.
4. Providing and laying in situ, cement concrete in M-10 of Cubic 3805 632
trap\granite\quartzite\gneiss metal for foundation and bedding including Meter
bailing out water, formwork, compacting and curing complete, with fully
automatic micro processor based PLC with SCADA enabled reversible
Drum Type mixer, With natural sand. Spec. No. : Bd. E. 1 Page No. 267.
5. Providing and laying in situ cement concrete M-20 of Cubic 4981 803
trap/granite/quartzite/gneiss metal for R.C.C. work in foundations like Meter
raft, strip foundations, grillage and footings of R.C.C. columns and steel
stanchions etc. including bailing out water, formwork, cover blocks
compaction and curing roughening the surface if special finish is to be
provided (Excluding reinforcement and structural steel) complete, with
fully automatic micro processor based PLC with SCADA enable reversible
drum type concrete mixer. With natural sand Spec. No. : Bd. F. 3 Page No.
298 and B. 7, Page No. 38.
6. Providing first class Burnt Brick Masonry with conventional / I.S. type Cubic 5357 1104
bricks in cement mortar 1:4 including scaffolding, racking out joints Meter
pointing in C.M. 1:3 and watering in pillars of rectangular or square shape
as shown on the drawing or as directed complete. Spec. No. : Bd. G.9(a)
Page No. 317.

7. Providing uncoursed rubble Masonry of trap/granite/ quartzite/gneiss Cubic 2930 1045

stones in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth of inner walls / in Meter
plinth of external walls including bailing out water, striking joints on un
exposed faces and watering complete. Spec. No. : Bd. H. 1 Page No. 329.
8. Providing internal cement plaster 12 mm thick in single coat in cement Square 148 81
mortar 1:4 without neeru finish to concrete or brick surfaces, in all Meter
positions including scaffolding and curing complete. Spec. No. : Bd. L.2
Page No. 368.
9. Providing and applying plaster wall punning with plaster of paris (with Square 330 164
plaster of paris material of Ambuja/Mor Chap or equivalent make) in 10 to Meter
13 millimeter thickness to previously plastered surface / or on newly brick
surface (Excluding rough cast plaster) in all position including preparing
and Finishing the surface scaffolding etc. complete. [Spec. No. : As
directed by Engineer in charge.]

10. Providing and laying ceramic tiles of RAK / Kajaria / Nitco / Asian or Square 1028 414
equivalent make having size 30 cm,  60 cm. for dado and skirting in Meter
required position with readymade adhesive mortar of approved quality on
plaster of 1:2 cement mortar including joint filling with white/colour
cement slurry cleaning curing complete. Spec. No. : Bd. M. 13 Page No.
386.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-12 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Sr. Description Unit Completed Labour

No. Rate (Rs) Rate (Rs)

11. Providing and laying vitrified matt finish tiles of RAK/Kajaria/Nitco/Asian Square 1316 158
or equivalent make having size 590 mm to 605 mm  to 605 mm of 8 to Meter
10 mm thickness and confirming IS. 15622-2006 (Group Bla) of approved
make, shade and pattern for flooring in required position laid on a bed of
1:4 cement mortar including neat cement float, filling joints, curing and
cleaning complete. [Skirting Spec. No. : Bd. M. 12 Page No. 385].

12. Providing and applying two coats of lead/zinc base oil paint/bituminous Square 51 12
paint of approved colour and shade to new wood work and fiber boards Meter
including preparing the surface, knotting, scaffolding if necessary,
excluding primer coat complete. Spec. No. : Bd. O. 1 Page No. 403

13. Providing and applying plastic emulsion paint of approved quality, colour Square 78 18
and shade to old and new surface in three coats including scaffolding, Meter
preparing the surface. (excluding primer coat) complete. Spec. No. :Bd.
P.6 Page No. 414

14. Providing and fixing frame with/without ventilator of size as specified with Cubic 48850 16495
non teak wood for doors and windows including chamfering, rounding, Meter
rebating, iron holdfast of size 300mm  40mm  5mm with oil painting,
etc. complete. Spec. No. : As directed by Engineer in charge.

1.10 Standard Formats

1.10.1 Measurement Sheet

( MSBTE – S-13, W-14, S-15, W-15, S-16, S-17, W-17,W-18)

Q. Draw format of measurement sheet. W-13, S-13, W-14, S-16, S-17, W-17,W-18
Q. Explain measurement sheet. S-13, S-15
Q. Rule out the standard formats of standard measurement and abstract sheet as per PWD. W-15
 This is the standard format which is used for entering different quantities like length, breadth, depth, number etc.
 Using this format total quantity of item is find out the bunch of measurement sheet is nothing but measurement book
which is very important document at the time of final bill.
Format of measurement sheet

Item No. Particulars of the item No. Length Breadth Depth Quantity Total quantity
3
1. Excavation 1 10 5 1 50 50 m

1.10.2 Abstract Sheet

( MSBTE – W-12, S-13, W-13, S-15, W-15, S-16, S-17, W-17, W-18)

Q. Explain Abstract Sheet. W-12, W-13

Q. Draw format of abstract sheet. S-13, S-15, S-16, S-17, W-17,W-18
Q. Rule out the standard formats of standard measurement and abstract sheet as per PWD. W-15
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-13 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

 When measurement sheets are completed i.e. when final total quantity of item is known. Then this quantity is entered
with unit of measurement in one sheet this sheet is called abstract sheet.
 For example if quantity in last column of measurement sheet is 50 m3 then it entered in following manner

Sr. No. Particulars of the item Excavation Quantity Unit Rate per unit Amount
3 3
1. Excavation 50 m 150/- per m 7500/-

1.10.3 Face Sheet

( MSBTE –S-13, W-13, W- S-15, S-16, S-17 )

Q. Explain Face Sheet. S-13, W-13

Q. Draw Format of Face Sheet. S-15, S-16, S-17

As the name indicate it is first page (face page) of detail estimate. It is also known as general abstract sheet.
It consist of the following things
 Name of Work
 Division
 Estimate prepared by
 Estimate checked by

Sr. No. Particulars Amount

1. Estimated Cost –

2. Water supply and sanitary charges (%) –

3. Electrification charges(%) –

4. Contingencies – % (3 to 5 %) –

5. Work charge establishment – % (2 %) –

Total amount –

(Addition of above five)

Total amount in words

1.11 Solved Examples

Ex. 1.11.1 : Prepare an estimate for two span bridge of 40 m each, the cost of existing bridge is Rs. 50,000/- per meter.

W-18, 4Marks
Soln. :
Given : Span = 40m , no of span = 2,
Cost of existing bridge = 50000 per meter.
Total length of proposed bridge = 2  40 = 80 m.
Rate of construction per meter = 50000 /m
Approximate cost of new bridge = 50000  80 = 4000000/-
Hence approximate estimate of bridge is Rs. 4000000/-
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-14 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Ex.1.11.2 : Prepare approximate estimate for high school building from following data.
i) Proposed plinth area = 2500 sqm.
ii) Plinth area rate = 4000/sqm.
iii) Water supply charges = 3% of cost of building.
iv) Electric installation charges = 10% of cost of building.
v) Contingencies = 3% of overall cost of building. W-18, 8 Marks
Soln. : Approximate estimate of school building.
Cost of building = plinth area  rate
= 2500  4000 = Rs.100,00000/- … (1)
Water supply charges = 3% of cost of building
= 3 /100  100,00000 = Rs.30,0000/- … (2)
Electrical installation charges = 10% of cost of building.
= 10/100  10000000 = Rs.10,00000/ … (3)
Overallcost = (1) + (2) + (3) =100,00000+30,0000+10,00000
= Rs11,300,000/-
Contingencies = 3% of overall cost = 3/100  11300000 = Rs 3,39000/-
Approximate Estimate = 11,300,000 + 339000 = Rs.11,639,000/-

1.12 MSBTE Questions and Answers

Winter 2014 : Total Marks 20

Q. 1 State any four purposes of detailed estimate. (Section 1.1.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 2 State modes of measurement for following items of work :

1. Iron gate 2. Wood work for door frame

3. Pointing 4. Skirting (Section 1.7.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 3 State the rules of deductions as per IS 1200 for :
(a) Plastering (Section 1.8.2)
(b) Masonry work in super structure. (Section 1.8.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 4 State the desired accuracy in taking measurement of work as per IS 1200. (Section 1.8) (4 Marks)
Q. 5 Draw standard format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet. (Section 1.10.1) (4 Marks)

Summer 2015 : Total Marks 32

Q. 6 State the meaning of the term estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 7 State any four purpose of estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 8 What is revised and supplementary estimate ? (Sections 1.4.1 and Section 1.4.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 9 State the mode of measurements for following items of work.

(i) Honey combed brickwork (ii) Collapsible gate (steel)

(iii) Form work (iv) Brickwork (10 cm thick) in partition wall
(v) Dado (vi) Wood work for door frame. (Section 1.7.1) (6 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-15 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Q. 10 State the rules of deduction for openings as per IS-1200 for brickwork and plastering.
(Section 1.8.2) (6 Marks)
Q. 11 Draw the standard formats of measurement sheet, abstract sheet and face sheet.
(Sections 1.10.1, 1.10.2 and 1.10.3) (8 Marks)

Winter 2015 : Total Marks 20

Q. 12 State different types of estimates and explain any one in detail. (Section 1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 13 State any four purposes of estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 14 State the desired accuracy in taking measurements of items of work as per IS-1200. (Section 1.8) (4 Marks)
Q. 15 State the rules for deduction in plastering as per IS-1200. (Section 1.8.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 16 Rule out the standard formats of standard measurement and abstract sheet as per PWD.
(Sections 1.10.1 and 1.10.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 2016 : Total Marks 28

Q. 17 State the meaning of terms estimating and costing. Enlist its purposes. (Sections 1.1.1 and 1.1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 18 Enlist types of estimates. Mention the situations when supplementary estimate is prepared.
(Sections 1.2 and 1.4.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 19 State mode of measurement for :
(i) P.C.C. (1:2:4), (ii) Manholes and inspection chambers
(iii) Wood work for door frame (iv) 10 cm thick brick wall. (Section 1.7.1 ) (4 Marks)
Q. 20 Draw the standard formats of measurement sheet, abstract sheet and face sheet.
(Sections 1.10.1, 1.10.2 and 1.10.3) (6 Marks)
Q. 21 State the rules of deduction for plastering as per IS: 1200. (Section 1.8.2) (6 Marks)
Q. 22 Describe D.S.R. State its uses. (Section 1.9) (4 Marks)

Winter 16 : Total Marks 24

Q. 23 What is estimating and costing and state two purpose of estimating and costing.
(Sections 1.1.1 and 1.1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 24 List different types of detailed estimate. (Section 1.3) (4 Marks)
Q. 25 State situation under the following estimates prepared :
(i) Revised estimate (Section 1.4.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 26 State the units of measurement for following item of work : Flooring, concrete, basin and plastering.
(Section 1.7.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 27 State Rules of Deduction as per IS 1200 for
(i) Brickwork for walls. (Section 1.8.1) (4 Marks)
(ii) Painting work (Internal) (Section 1.8.3) (4 Marks)

Summer 17 : Total Marks 18

Q. 28 State the purpose of estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.2) (4 Marks)

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-16 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Q. 29 Differentiate between revised and supplementary estimate. (Section 1.4.5) (4 Marks)

Q. 30 State the modes of measurement for following item of work :
(i) Skirting (ii) Expansion joint
(iii) Dado (iv) Brick wall (100 mm thick) (Section 1.7.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 31 Draw the format for measurement sheet and abstract sheet, face sheet.
(Sections 1.10.1, 1.10.2 and 1.10.3) (6 Marks)

Winter 17 : Total Marks 24

Q. 32 Define estimating and costing. Enlist any three purposes of estimating and costing.
(Section 1.1.1 and 1.1.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 33 State the rules of desired accuracy in taking measurement as per IS 1200. (Section 1.8) (4 Marks)
Q. 34 State standard mode of measurement for following items:
(1) Dado (2) D.P.C.
(3) Half brickwork (4) Barbed wire fencing
(5) Collapsible gate (6) Wash basin (Section 1.7.1) (6 Marks)
Q. 35 Describe in brief rules of deduction for opening as per IS 1200 for brick work and plastering.
(Section 1.8.1) (6 Marks)
Q. 36 Draw standard format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet. (Sections 1.10.1 and 1.10.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 18 : Total Marks 30

Q. 37 State the meaning of the term estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 38 Enlist the types of estimate. Mention the situation when revised estimate is prepared.
(Sections 1.2 and 1.4.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 39 State purpose of supplementary estimate. Give one example. (Section 1.4.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 40 State mode of measurements for the following items of work.

(1) Barbed wire fencing (2) Skirting

(3) Dado (4) Purlins (Section 1.7.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 41 State the rules for deductions as per IS 1200 for
(1) Masonry work in superstructure (Section 1.8.1) (3 Marks)
(2) Plastering (Section 1.8.2) (3 Marks)
Q. 42 Describe D.S.R. State its uses. (Section 1.9) (4 Marks)
Q. 43 State the desired accuracy in taking measurement of work as per IS 1200. (Section 1.8) (4 Marks)

Winter 18 : Total Marks 40

Q. 44 State the purpose of estimating and costing. (Section 1.1.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 45 Describe in brief revised and supplementary estimate. (Section 1.4.3) (4 Marks)
Q. 46 Draw standard format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet. (Sections 1.10.1 and 1.10.2) (4 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 1-17 Fundamentals of Estimating & Costing

Q. 47 State standard mode of measurement for following items of work

(i) DPC (ii) Wood work for door frame
(iii) Skirting (iv) Ornamental cornice
(v) Honey combed brickwork (vi) Form work (Section 1.7.1) (6 Marks)
Q. 48 State the rules for deductions as per IS 1200 for
(1) Masonry work in superstructure (Section 1.8.1) (3 Marks)
(2) Plastering (Section 1.8.2) (3 Marks)
Q. 49 Describe in brief D.S.R. (Section 1.9) (4 Marks)
Q. 50 Prepare an estimate for two span bridge of 40 m each the cost of existing bridge is Rs. 50,000/- per meter.
(Ex.1.11.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 51 Prepare approximate estimate for high school building from following data:
(i) Proposed plinth area = 2500 sqm.
(ii) Plinth area rate = 4000 / sqm.
(iii) Water supply charges = 3% of cost of building
(iv) Electric installation charges = 10% of cost of building
(v) Contingencies = 3% of overall cost of building. (Ex.1.11.2) (8 Marks)


 2 Approximate Estimates

UNIT 2

Syllabus :
2.1 Approximate estimate – Definition, Purpose.
2.2 Methods of approximate estimate – Service unit method, Plinth area rate method, Cubical content method,
Typical bay method, Approximate quantity method.
2.3 Approximate estimate for roads, Railways, bridges/ culvert, irrigation projects and water supply projects.
2.4 Numericals on service unit method and Plinth area rate method.

2.1 Approximate Estimate

( MSBTE – W-16, S-17)

Q. Define Approximate Estimate. W-16, S-17

Approximate is also called as preliminary estimate. It is useful for getting administrative approval. For approximate
estimate site plan or layout plan is required. The approximate estimate is prepared from the practical knowledge.

2.1.1 Purpose of approximate estimate

1. Approximate estimate gives rough idea of the cost required to complete the building.
2. Due to approximate estimate it easy to check the feasibility of the project.
3. For government project approximate estimate is required for budget provision and administrative approval.
4. When one has to fix the rent for the property it is necessary to know the approximate cost.
5. This type of estimate is helpful to fix the tax.
6. For existing building if valuation has to be done approximate estimate plays the important role.

2.2 Types of Approximate Estimate

( MSBTE –W-14, S-17, W-17)

Q. Enlist the types of approximate estimate. Explain service unit method of approximate estimate. W-14, W-17
Q. State the different types of approximate estimate. Explain any one. S-17

Fig. C.2.1 : Types of approximate estimate

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-2 Approximate Estimates

2.2.1 Service Unit Method ( MSBTE – S-14, W-14, W-15)

Q. List down any six civil engineering structures along with their service units used for approximate estimate. S-14
Q. Enlist the types of approximate estimate. Explain service unit method of approximate estimate. W-14
Q. State service units for.
(i) Hospital (ii) Auditorium (iii) Godown (iv) Road W-15

 Every structure serves some purpose. For example, a hospital is designed to accommodate certain number of bed.
Each bed is thus considered as service unit of hospital building.
 Whenever a structure is constructed it is possible to work out the cost of construction per service unit.
 While preparation of approximate estimate, per bed for hospital, per class room for schools, per student for hostel is
considered.
Sr. No. Building Service unit
1 school Per class room
2 hospital Per bed
3 theatre Per seat
4 bridge Per meter of span
5 stadium Per seat
6 hostel Per student
7 Water Per lit
tank
Approximate estimate :
Number of service unit  Cost per service unit.

2.2.2 Plinth Area Method

( MSBTE – S-15)
Q. Explain plinth area rate method of approximate estimate. S-15

 The cost of construction is determined by multiplying plinth area with plinth area rate.
 The area is obtained by multiplying length and breadth (outer dimensions of building).
 In fixing the plinth area rate, careful observation and necessary enquiries are made in respect of quality and quantity
aspect of materials and labour, type of foundation, height of building, roof, wood work, fixtures, number of storey’s
etc.
Cost of construction of existing building
Plinth area rate of existing building =
Plint area of same building
Therefore,
Approximate Estimate for a proposed building = Plinth area rate of existing building  Plinth area of proposed building.
Example : Approximate cost of a proposed building having plinth area of 100 Sq. m @ Rs. 1000/Sq. m (Existing
buildings plinth area rate) works out as Rs. 1,00,000/-

2.2.3 Cubical Content Method ( MSBTE – S-16)

Q. Explain cubic content method of approximate estimate. S-16

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-3 Approximate Estimates

 It is the method in which volume of building is considered this method of approximate estimate is more accurate than
plinth area method .but volume of building cannot be easily obtain .this method is more accurate than plinth area
method. For finding out building volume its length, breadth, height is considered.
 The approximate cost of building = volume of building  rate per unit volume.
3 3
Example : Approximate cost of a proposed building of cubic content of 500 m @ Rs. 200/m works out as Rs.
1,00,000/-.

2.2.4 Typical Bay Method (MSBTE – W-15)

Q. Describe ‘typical bay’ method for approximate estimate. W-15

 This method is useful and is generally followed in case of buildings having several bays.
 The cost of the typical bay is worked out and is then multiplied by the number of bays in that building.
 Bay is a center to center distance between supports. When the area of a structure consist of similar parts such as
godowns, factory sheds, which are constructed with intermediate support or roof trusses walls forming bays.
Approximate cost = Number of bays  cost per bay

2.2.5 Approximate Quantity Method

For this method the structure is divided into two parts

(i) Foundation including plinth
(ii) Superstructure
 To find the running meter rate for foundation the approximate quantities of items such as excavation foundation,
brickwork upto plinth, and DPC are calculated per running meter and by multiplying by the rates of these items the
price or rate per running meter is determined.
 Similarly, for the superstructure the price or rate per running meter is determined from the approximate quantities of
the brick work, wood work, roof, floor finishing etc.

2.3 Introduction of Approximate Estimate

Approximate estimate
It is an estimate which is prepared when preliminary studies for work are done.

2.3.1 Types of Area

Fig. C.2.3.1 : Types of Area

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-4 Approximate Estimates

1. Carpet Area
It is usable area excluding wall thickness, Passages, Verandahs, Kitchen pantry stair cases.
Carpet area of residential building is generally 50 to 65% of plinth area.
2. Plinth area
It is area which is covered by building. It is find out by using external dimensions of the building.
3. Built up area
Area enclosed by walls is called as built up area. It is usually 10% more than carpet area.
4. Super built-up area
It is built area + area of common amenities like passages, stairs and lifts.
Local rates
As per ready-recknor the construction cost is different at different locations.
Approximately the carpet area rate is 1700/- per square feet super built up area rate is 2000/- to 5000/- per square
feet.

2.3.2 Approximate Estimate of Roads and Highways

( MSBTE – W-15, W-16, W-18)

Q. How will you prepare approximate estimate for roads and highways ? W-15, W-16
Q. Describe the procedure for preparation of approximate estimate of highway project. W-18

 For roads and highway per km unit is taken. The cost of road which depends upon width of road, topography,
pavement surface etc.
 When cost of construction of per kilometer road is known. We can easily find out approximate cost of road.
Eg. Cost of construction of 1km road is 2,50,000/- cost of construction of 8 km road is 2,50,000  8 = 20,00,000/-.

2.3.3 Approximate Estimate of Railway Project

 For railway project it is necessary to know the following things.
1. Foundation 2. Bridges
3. Staff quarters 4. Gradient post
5. Station building and platform
 For railway project gauge, sleepers, ballast are the common thing for all the project.
 The cost per km for similar project is considered and approximate estimate is calculated. Land acquisition is the
important point while preparing approximate estimate of railway project.

2.3.4 Estimate for Bridges / Culverts

 Approximate estimate for bridges is prepared by using span of bridge.
 If rate of construction per meter length of recently constructed similar bridge with similar specification is known one
can easily find out approximate estimate of bridge.
 For example approximate cost bridge having 3 spans of 50 meter each comes out to be 30,00,000/- at rate of 25,000/-
per running meter of span.
 The sub-structure and super structure cost can be found using linear waterway rate.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-5 Approximate Estimates

2.3.5 Approximate Estimate of Irrigation Project ( MSBTE – W-16, S-18,W-18)

Q. Describe the procedure for preparation of approximate estimate of an irrigation project. W-16, S-18,W-18

 Irrigation project consist of construction of dam, canal reservoirs.

 For dams and reservoirs the approximate estimate is work out by finding capacity of dam. i.e. per million cubic meter
storage capacity.
 For Irrigation canal the capacity is found out by per hectare catchment area or per km length.
 For example approximate estimate of irrigation project for 1000 hectares.

2.3.6 Procedure For Preparing Estimate of Water Supply Project

( MSBTE – W-14, W-17,S-18)

Q. Describe the procedure for preparing approximate estimate of a water supply project. W-14, W-17,S-18

(1) First step will be necessity of that project i.e. objective should be clearly define.
(2) Second step for preparing estimate is data collection i.e. different data physical, geological hydrological data is
collected.
The opinion of people are also collected.
(3) According to requirement the planning of project is done.
(4) After planning formulation is done.
(5) After planning approximate estimate is prepared.
The planning is done on the basis of population within the area.

2.4 Problems on Plinth area Method and Service Unit Method

Ex. 2.4.1 : A Building of Plinth area Equal to 150 sq. m on Plot of Land in a Locality at Cost of Rs 1,50,000 Calculate the
cost of a similar building of plinth area 200 sq. m to be constructed in same locality by plinth area method.

Soln. :
Plinth area of constructed building = 150 sq. m
Construction cost = 1,50,000/-
Plinth area rate = construction cost/plinth area
= 1,50,000 / 150 = 1000
Approximate cost of building of 200 sq. m
= 200  plinth area rate
= 200  1000 = 2,00,000/-

Ex. 2.4.2 : Prepare Approximate Estimate for Small Residential Building using following details.

Sr. No. Room Size Number

1. Drawing Hall 4.5m x 5.5m 1
2. Bedroom 3.0m x 3.6m 2
3. Kitchen 3.0m x 3.3m 1
4. Toilet blocks 2.6m x 3.0m 1

Plinth area rate Rs. 5000/-

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-6 Approximate Estimates

Soln. :

Drawing Hall = 4.5  5.5  1 = 22 m

2

Bedroom = 3.0  3.6  2 = 21.6m

2

Kitchen = 3.0  3.3  1 = 9.9m

2

Toilet blocks = 2.6  3.0  1 = 7.8m

2

2
Total plinth area = 61.3 m
Approximate cost = total plinth area  plinth area rate
= 61.3  5000
= 306500/-

Ex. 2.4.3 : Prepare approximate estimate of a factory building from following data :
1. Office premises RCC framed structure type area 120 sq. m (built up area).
2. Workshop - 3 bays of size 4mx8m with load bearing walls and AC roof.
3. Plinth area rates :
(a) RCC building Rs 6000/-.
(b) Load bearing building Rs 4000/-sq. m.

Soln. :
Approximate estimate of office premises
= Total built up area  Rate/m
2

= 120  6500 = Rs. 7,80,000/-

Approximate estimate of workshop = Total built up area  Rate/m
2

= 3  32  4000 = Rs. 3,84,000/-

Total Approximate estimate of factory building
= office estimate + work estimate.
= 80000 + 384000 = 1164000/-

Ex. 2.4.4 : The cost of construction of a college building is 2 Crores for a capacity of 500 students and area of construction
2
about 2000m . Prepare approximate estimate of a newly proposed college building for 1200 students with the
2
area 5000m . Use service unit method and plinth area method.

Soln. :
Cost of Construction of college building = Rs. 2,00,00,000 /-
Number of students = 500
2
Area of construction = 2000 m
To prepare approximate estimate for new college
Number of students = 1200
2
Area of Construction = 5000 m
1. By Service unit method
Cost per service unit i.e per student in existing college
= Rs. 40,000 /-
The Approximate cost of building = (No. of student in Proposed building)  (Cost per student in the existing building)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-7 Approximate Estimates

= 1200  40,000 = 4,80,00,000/-

The Approximate cost of building = 4.8 Crores
2. By plinth area method
Cost per plinth area of existing college building = Rs. 10,000/-
The Approximate cost of building
= (Total plinth area of proposed building)  (Cost per plinth area of similar existing building)
= 5,000  10,000 = 5,00,00,000/-
The Approximate cost of building = 5 Crores

Ex. 2.4.5 : Prepare approximate estimate of a building using following data :

(i) Proposed built up area of the building is 135sq. M.

(ii) Similar type of structure is constructed with built up area 105 sq. m and the total cost of
construction is 9,95,000 in nearby area last year.

(iii) 10% increase in rate is observed in last twelve months

Soln. :

Proposed built up area of the building is 135sqm

Similar type of structure with built area 105 sq. m having cost 9,95,000
Cost of structure per sq. m of built area
= 9,95,000 / 105
= 9476.19 per sq. m
10% increase in rate in last twelve month
Therefore rate = 9476.19 +10/100  9476.19
= 10423.8 per sq. m
Approximate cost = 10423.8  135
= 407213/-

Ex. 2.4.6 : The plinth area of a proposed building is 390 sq. m. The known cost of construction for similar structure is
Rs. 19,35,000 having plinth area 215 sq. m. Calculate approximate cost of proposed building. W-14, 4 Marks

Soln. : Cost of similar structure is 19,35,000/-

Plinth area : 215 Sq. m

Plinth area Rate : Construction Cost -215, 9000 Rs per Sq. m

Approximate cost of proposed building = Plinth Area  Plinth Area Rate

390  9000 = Rs 35,10,000 /-

Ex. 2.4.7 : Prepare approximate estimate from following Data for a School Building.
(i) Number of classroom 12
2
(ii) Area of each classroom 50 m
2
(iii) Area of other facilities 150 m
2
Similar school building having same specification and having built up area of 750 m was constructed at

Rs. 71,25,000.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-8 Approximate Estimates

Soln. :
Approximate of the school building :
Number of Classroom :12
Area of each classroom : 50 m2
Area of other facilities : 150 m2
Total Area for Given School building = (12  50) + 150 = 750m2
Plinth area rate = Estimated cost of structure / Total built or Plinth area
= 71,25,000/750 = 9500/- Rs
Approximate cost of school building
= Plinth area rate  Total plinth area
= 9500  750 = 71,25,000/-
Approximate cost of school building = 7l,25100/-

Ex. 2.4.8 : State the approximate percentage of steel required for following R.C.C. members.

1. Footing 2. Column 3. Beam 4. Slab W-18, 4 Marks

Soln.: Approximate percentage of steel required for
1) Footing : 0.5% to 0.8 % of quantity of concrete in cu.m
2) Column : 1% to 5% of quantity of concrete in cu.m
3) Beam : 1% to 2% of quantity of concrete in cu.m density of mild steel
4) Slab : 0.7% to1% of quantity of concrete in cu.m

2.5 MSBTE Questions and Answers

Winter 2014 : Total Marks 12

Q. 1 Enlist the types of approximate estimate. Explain service unit method of approximate estimate.
(Section 2.2 and 2.2.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 2 The plinth area of a proposed building is 390 sq. m. The known cost of construction for similar structure is
RS.19,35,000 having plinth area 215 sq. m. calculate approximate cost of proposed building. (Ex. 2.4.6) (4 Marks)

Q. 3 Describe the procedure for preparing approximate estimate of a water supply project.
(Section 2.3.6) (4 Marks)

Summer 2015 : Total Marks 04

Q. 4 Explain plinth area rate method of approximate estimate. (Section 2.2.2) (4 Marks)

Winter 2015 : Total Marks 12

Q. 5 Describe ‘typical bay’ method for approximate estimate. (Section 2.2.4) (4 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 2-9 Approximate Estimates

Q. 6 State service units for (Section 2.2.1) (4 Marks)

(i) Hospital (ii) Auditorium
(iii) Godown (iv) Road

Q. 7 How will you prepare approximate estimate for roads and highways?. (Section 2.3.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 2016 : Total Marks 04

Q. 8 Explain cubic content method of approximate estimate. (Section 2.2.3) (4 Marks)

Winter 2016 : Total Marks 10

Q. 9 Define approximate estimate. (Section 2.1) (2 Marks)

Q. 10 Describe the procedure for preparation of approximate estimate of an irrigation project. (Section 2.3.5) (4 Marks)

Q. 11 Describe the procedure for preparing approximate estimate of road project. (Section 2.3.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 2017 : Total Marks 04

Q. 12 State the different methods of approximate estimate. Explain any one. (Section 2.2) (4 Marks)

Winter 2017 : Total Marks 12

Q. 13 Enlist types of approximate estimate and explain any one in brief. (Section 2.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 14 Describe in brief procedure for preparing approximate estimate of water supply project. (Section 2.3.6) (8 Marks)

Summer 2018 : Total Marks 12

Q. 15 How will you prepare estimate for irrigation canal ? (Section 2.3.5) (4 Marks)

Q. 16 Describe in procedure for preparing approximate estimate of a water supply project. (Section 2.3.6) (8 Marks)

Winter 2018 : Total Marks 12

Q. 17 Describe the procedure for preparation of approximate estimate of irrigation project and highway project.

(Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.5) (8 Marks)

Q. 18 State the approximate percentage of steel requirement for following R. C. C members. (Ex.2.4.8)

(1) Footing (2) Column

(3) Beam (4) Slab (4 Marks)


 3 Detailed Estimate
UNIT 3
Syllabus :
3.1 Detailed Estimate : Definition and purpose, Data required for detailed estimate, Procedure of preparation of
detailed estimate – Taking out quantities and Abstracting.
3.2 Methods of Detailed Estimate : Unit quantity method and total quantity method.
3.3 Long wall and short wall method (out to out and in to in method or PWD method), Centre line method.
3.4 Bar bending schedule.
3.5 Steel requirement for footing, column, beam, Lintel, chajja and slab.
3.6 Provisions in detailed estimate : contingencies, work charged establishment, centage charges, water supply
and sanitary charges and electrification charges.
3.7 Prime cost, Provisional sum, provisional Quantities, Bill of quantities, Spot items or site items, Day work.

3.1 Definition of Detailed Estimate

Definition : Detail estimate is total cost of project which is determine by finding out quantities and cost of each items
which are necessary for completion structure of work.

3.1.1 Data Required for Detailed Estimate

(MSBTE – W-11, S-11, W-13. S-14, S-15, S-16,W-18)
Q. Enlist data required for detail estimate. W-11, W-13, S-14, S-16,W-18.
Q. Write data required for estimate. S-11, S-15.

Fig. C.3.1 : Data required for detailed estimate

1. Drawing
A detail drawing is necessary while preparing estimates. Drawing helps to understand height of structure hard strata
available at what depth, thickness of wall, thickness of slab PCC etc.
2. Specifications
From specifications one can understand description of materials to be used, quality of material, Proportions to be
used for concreting. Specifications helps us to make the estimate nearer to actual cost.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-2 Detailed Estimate

3. Rates
For detail estimate it is necessary to know rates of materials as well as labours. For government construction the rates
are available from PWD’S schedule of rates booklet.
4. Mode of measurement
These are helpful in finding out quantities. Generally these mode of measurements are taken from IS 1200. For
lavational treatment, decorative work the mode measurement may be available from rates.

3.1.2 Steps in Preparation of Detailed Estimate (MSBTE – S-13, S-14, S-15, W-16)
Q. Describe the steps in preparing detailed estimate. S-14.
Q. What are the steps used in preparation of detail estimate? S-13, S-15.
Q. Explain the factors to be considered in preparation of detail estimate? W-16

Fig. C.3.2 : Steps in preparation of detailed estimate

1. Finding out quantities

Work is divided into different items such as super structure items sub structure items, concreting items, plumbing
items etc the items are included under different heads in measurement sheet the entries are done in respective column
like length breadth height / depth etc.
2. Calculations of volumes / areas
When the entries are done in measurement sheet respective quantities depending upon mode of measurement are
calculated by multiplying the entries in each column.
3. Abstracting
After completion of calculations of different quantities abstracting is done. In abstract form quantities of different
items, unit of measurement are entered and it is multiplied by workable rates. In this step after calculation of the
expenditure cost. Contingencies 3% to 5% are added and 1.5% to 2% are added for work charge establishment.

3.1.3 Taking out Quantities and Abstracting

Taking out quantities

Divide the work into different items of work like earthwork, concrete brickwork etc. Take details of measurements of
each item of work and entre it Measurement sheet.
Once the measurement of each item of work is entered in Measurement sheet multiplication columns are done.
Abstracting
The cost of each item of work is calculated at the workable rates. The total cost is work out and entered in the
abstract sheet form 3% to 5% contingencies are added and 1% of work charge establishment is added. At the end the grand
total is obtained.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-3 Detailed Estimate

3.1.4 Purpose of Detailed Estimate

1. To sanction the amount of money required for work.
2. For inviting tenders.
3. To have an rough idea of the materials required for the work.
4. To understand time required to complete the work.

3.2 Methods of Detailed Estimates

(MSBTE – W-15)
Q. Differentiate with respect to four points unit quantity and total quantity method of detailed estimates. W-15.

3.2.1 Unit Quantity Method

In unit quantity method the work is divided into various items. The total quantity of work under each item is taken out
in proper unit measurement. Then total cost per unit quantity of each item is analyzed and work out.
Then the total cost for the item is found by multiplying the cost per unit quantity by no. of units.

3.2.2 Total Quantity Method

In total quantity method item of work are divided into following five items.

1. Labour

2. Material

3. Plant

4. Overhead

5. Profit

The total quantity of each kind or class of material or labour are found out and multiplied by their individual unit cost.
Similarly the cost of plants overhead expenses and profit are determined. Finally the cost of all five heads is summed up to
find estimated cost.

3.3 Long Wall and Short Wall Method

3.3.1 Methods for Taking out Quantities by Long Wall and Short Wall Method / P.W.D Method
(MSBTE – W-14, W-15, S-16, W-16, S-17, W-17, S-18)
Q. Explain P.W.D. method of taking out quantities. W-15, W-16, W-17, S-18.
Q. Explain Long wall and Short wall method. W-14, S-16, S-17.

In this method the longer walls in building are consider as long walls. These walls are measured from out to out. The
shorter walls which are perpendicular to long walls are considered as short walls. These walls are measured from in to in
Length of long wall and short wall are multiplied separately by breadth and height.
Length of long wall = centre to centre length of long wall + width of item
Length of short wall = centre to centre length of short wall – width of item

Length of Long wall = 5.3 + 0.3 = 5.6 m

Length of short wall = 3.3 – 0.3 = 3.0 m

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-4 Detailed Estimate

Fig. 3.3.1

3.3.2 Centre Line Method (MSBTE – S-12, S-13, S-15,W-18)

Q. Explain centre line method of taking out quantities. S-12, S-13, S-15,W-18
 Draw the centre line plan
 Calculate the total length of centre line
 Calculate the number of T-Junctions.
 Take number of junction for walls meeting for three directions = 1
 Number of junction for walls meeting from four directions = 2
 Calculate the length of item as :
L = total c/c length – ½  Number of junction  Width of item
For above Fig. (3.2.1)
L = Total c/c – ½ Number of junction  width of item
1
= (5.3 + 5.3 + 3.3 + 3.3) –  0  0.3 = 17.2 m
2

3.3.3 3-Dimensional View of Footing and Wall

Fig. 3.3.2 : 3D View of footing and wall

3.4 Bar Bending Schedule

(MSBTE – S-12, W-16)

Q. Write a short note on bar bending schedule. Give the tabular form. .S-12.
Q. What is bending schedule ? State any two advantages of preparing bar bending schedule. .W-16.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-5 Detailed Estimate

Preparing Bar bending Schedule

For estimation steel quantity of R.C.C items are necessary.
Steel quantity is expressed in terms of tabular from it is called as Bar bending schedule.
2
Sr. No. Description Shape of No. of Diameter of Length of Total length wt/m  / Total
bar bars bars Bar in m in m 162 Weight

Steel quantities calculations :

As per IS-1200 deductions are not done for steel.

1. Length of main bar :

Length = (Total length – cover) + 18 

Length = (Total length – cover) + 12

Fig. 3.4.1

2. Bent-up bar :

Extra length = 0.42d

d = Total depth – cover

Length = (Total length – cover) + 0.42d + 18 

Fig. 3.4.2

3. Length of stirrups

Fig. 3.4.3

Covers provided for different RCC members

For R.C.C slab = 15 mm minimum
For R.C.C beam = 25 mm minimum
For Column = 40 mm minimum
For RCC footing = 50 mm minimum
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-6 Detailed Estimate

For Column

Fig. 3.4.4

For Beam

Fig. 3.4.5

For Slab

Fig. 3.4.6

For Footing

Fig. 3.4.7
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-7 Detailed Estimate

(3-dimensional Images will clear the concept)

For Beam

Fig. 3.4.7 (a) : Beam (3D Image)

For Slab

Fig. 3.4.7 (b) : Slab (3D Image)

For Column

Fig. 3.4.7 (c) : Column (3D image)

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-8 Detailed Estimate

For Column and footing

Fig. 3.4.7(d) : Column and footing (3D Image)

Cover blocks

Fig. 3.4.7(e) : Cover

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-9 Detailed Estimate

Chajja lintel

Fig. 3.4.7 (f) : Chajja lintel (3D Image) Beam

Ex. 3.4.1 : R.C.C beam 300 mm wide and 450 mm deep and length 5000 mm is reinforced with 4 number of 12 mm bar
placed in one row, out of 4, 2 bars are straight and 2 bars are bent up respectively. In addition to this, 2 anchor
bars of 10 mm diameter are provided at top. 6 mm  stirrups are provided at 150 mm C/C. The overall cover
provided to the beam is 25 mm. Calculate the total quantity of steel and also prepare bar bending C schedule.

W-14, 4 Marks

Soln. :

Given : L = 5m, b = 300 mm, d = 450 mm

Fig. P. 3.4.1 (a)

1. Straight bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= 5000 – 2  25 + 18  12

= 5166 mm

2. bent up bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18  + 0.42d 2

= 5000 – 2  25 + 18  12 + 0.42  400 2

= 5502 mm

3. Anchor bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= 5000 – 2  25 + 18  10
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-10 Detailed Estimate

= 5130 mm

4. Stirrup length = 2 (A + B) + 24 

= 2 (250 + 400) + 24  6

= 1444 mm

5. No. of stirrup = TL – 2 ´ cover + 1

 Spacing 
5000 – 2  50
= +1
150
= 34 Fig. P. 3.4.1(b)
Sr. No. Description Shape of bar No. of  L in m Total Weight of 1m Total Weight =
bars diameter Length length bar weight  length
2
= I  no 
= 162

1. Straight 2 12 5.166 10.332 0.89 9.195

2. bent up 2 12 5.502 11.004 0.89 9.79

3. Anchor bar 2 10 5.130 10.26 0.62 6.36

4. Stirrup 34 6 1.444 49.096 0.22 10.80

Total 36.145kg
weight

Ex. 3.4.2 : R.C.C beam 275 mm wide and 400 mm deep and length 4500 mm is reinforced with 4 number of 12 mm bar
placed in one row, out of 4, 2 bars are straight and 2 bars are bent up respectively. In addition to this, 2 anchor
bars of 10 mm diameter are provided at top. 6 mm  stirrups are provided at 175 mm C/C. The overall cover
provided to the beam is 25mm. Calculate the total quantity of steel and also prepare bar bending schedule.

W-13, 4 Marks
Soln. :

Given : L = 45m, b = 275 mm, d = 400 mm

Fig. P. 3.4.2

1. Straight bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18

= 4500 – 2  25 + 18  12 = 4666 mm

2. Bent up bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18  + 0.42 d  2

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-11 Detailed Estimate

= 4500 – 2  25 + 18  12 + 0.42  350  2 = 4960 mm

3. Anchor bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= 4500 – 2  25 + 18  10 = 4630 mm

4. Stirrup length = 2 (A + B) + 24 

= 2 (225 + 350) + 24  6 = 1294 mm

Sr. Description Shape of bar No. of  L in Total Weight of 1m Total Weight
No. bars diameter m Length length = weight 
2
= I  no  length
bar =
162

1 Straight 2 12 4.666 9.232 0.89 8.22

2 bent up 2 12 4.960 9.92 0.89 8.82
3 Anchor bar 2 10 4.63 9.16 0.62 5.64
4 Stirrup 30 6 1.294 38.82 0.22 8.54

Total 31.22kg
weight
(TL – 2 ´ cover)
5. Number of stirrup = +1
Spacing
(5000 – 2 ´ 25)
= + 1 = 30 nos
175

Ex. 3.4.3 : RCC beam 300 mm  150 mm and length 3000 mm is reinforced with 3 no. of 12 mm main bar placed in one
row, out of 3, 2 bars are straight and one bar is bent up respectively. In addition to this 2 anchor bars of 10 mm
are provided at top. 6 mm stirrups are provided at 150 mm c/c. The overall cove provided to beam is 20 mm.
Calculate total quantity of steel. S-12, S-14,8 Marks

Soln. :
Given : L = 3000 mm, b = 300 mm, d = 1500 mm

Fig. P. 3.4.3

1. Straight bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= 3000 – 2  20 + 18  12 = 3176 mm

2. bent up bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 + 0.42d

= 3000 – 2  20 + 18  12 + 0.42  110 = 3268 mm

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-12 Detailed Estimate

3. Anchor bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18

= 3000 – 2  20 + 18  10

= 3140 mm

4. Stirrup length = 2 (A + B) + 24 

= 2 (240 + 110) + 24  6 = 844 mm

(TL – 2  cover)
5. Number of stirrup = +1
Spacing
(3000 – 2  20)
= + 1 = 21
150

Sr. No. Description Shape of bar No. of bars  diameter L in m Total Length Weight of 1m Total
= I  no length Weight
2

bar = = weight 
162
length

1 Straight 2 12 3.176 6.352 0.89 5.65

2 bent up 1 12 3.268 3.268 0.89 2.90

3 Anchor bar 2 10 3.14 6.28 0.62 3.89

4 Stirrup 21 6 0.844 17.724 0.22 3.90

Total weight 16.34 kg

Ex. 3.4.4 : A RCC beam 230  300 mm and length 3000 mm is reinforced with 3 no. of 12 mm  main bar placed in one row
out of 3,2 bars are straight and one bar is bent up respectively. In addition to this 2 anchor bars of 10 mm
diagram are provided at top. 6 mm  stirrups are provided at 150 mm c/c. The overall cover provided to beam is
20 mm. Calculate total quantity of reinforcement (steel). S-15, 8 Marks

Soln. :

Fig. P. 3.4.4.(a) : Cross section and Longitudinal section of the beam given.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-13 Detailed Estimate

Calculation of quantity of steel

1. Top bars – 2 Nos. - 10 mm ɸ.

Fig. P 3.4.4.(b)

Length of top bar = (Length 2  cover + 18  hooks diagram)

= (3000 – 2  20) + 18  10 = 3140 mm
2. Bottom bars – 2 Nos. – 12 mm ɸ

Fig. P 3.4.4.(c)

Length of bottom bar = (Length 2  cover + 18  hooks diagram)

= (3000 – 2  20) + 18  12
= 3176 mm

3. Bent up bars – 1 Nos. – 12 mm 

Fig. P 3.4.4.(d)

Length of bent bars = (Length 2  cover) + (2  0.42  D) + (18  dia.)

= (3000 – 2  20) + (2  0.42  260) + (18  12) = 3394.4 mm

4.Stirrups – 6 mm  150 mm c/c

Fig. P 3.4.4.(e)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-14 Detailed Estimate

Length of 1 stirrup = (perimeter i.e. sum of all sides) + 24 d

= (190  2 + 260  2) + 24  6
= 1044 mm
Length/span over which stirrups are spread
No. of stirrup =
c/c distance between the stirrup
(3000) – (2  20)
= + 1 = 20.73 = 21 Nos.
150

Sr. Description of diameter. Shape of bar Length of No. Total Unit weight Total
No. bars of bar each bar m length m kg mtr. weight kg
mm
2
1. Bottom bars 12 3.176 2 6.352 12 /162 5.589
= 0.88
2
2. Bent up bars 12 3.394 1 3.394 12 /162 2.986
= 0.88
2
3. Top bars 10 3.140 2 6.28 10 /162 3.893
= 0.62
2
4. Stirrups 6 1.044 21 21.93 6 /162 4.823
= 0.22

Total weight (kg) 17.29

3.4.1 For Slab

Ex. 3.4.5 : An R.C.C roof Slab of overall size 6500 mm  3000 mm and thickness 150 mm is provided with 12 mm
diameter main bars bent alternately along shorter span and placed 150 mm c/c. The distribution steel of 6 mm
diameter along longer span is provided at 200 mm c/c. The all round cover is 15 mm. Find out total quantity of
steel. Prepare bar bending schedule. S-13, S-15, 6 Marks

Soln. :

Fig. P. 3.4.5.(a)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-15 Detailed Estimate

(a) Length of main bar :

= total length of slab – (2  cover) + (2  9  ) + (0.42  d1)

Calculation of length d1 :

Fig. P. 3.4.5.(b)

d1 = 150 – 2  cover (d1 = D – 2  cover)

d1 = 120 mm

Total length of main bar :

= 3000 – (2  15) + (2  9  12) + (0.42  120)

= 3236.4 mm = 3.2364 m

Number of main bars :

J. L. – 2  covers 6500 – (2  15)
= +1= +1
spacing 150

= 44.13 bars = 45 bars

(b) Length of distribution bars :

= Total lengths of – (2  cover) + (2  9  Q) beam

= 6500 – (2  15) + (2  9  6) = 6578 mm = 6.578 m

J. L. – 2  covers
Number of bars = +1
spacing
3000 – (2  15)
= + 1 = 15.85 + 4 bars
200

= 19.85 bars = 20 bars

Bar bending schedule

2 2
Sr. No. Description No. Length (m) Total length (m) Weight  /16 Total weight

1. Main bar (12 mm ) 45 3.2364 145.638 0.889 129.456 (kg)

2. Distribution bar (6 mm ) 20 6.578 131.56 0.222 29.235

Total weight = 158.69

Ex. 3.4.6 : An RCC roof slab of overall size 6600 mm  2200 mm and thickness 150 mm is provided with 12 mm diameters
main bars bent up alternately and placed at 150 mm c/c. The distribution steel of 6 mm diameters is provided
@ 200 mm c/c. The all-round cover is 15 mm. Find out the total quantity of plain steel. Prepare bar bending
schedule. S-13,4 Marks
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-16 Detailed Estimate

Soln. :
Given : Thickness of slab 150 mm and cover 15mm

 D = 150 – 2  15 = 120 mm

1. L = Length of main bar (main steel parallel to shorter side)

= 2200 – 2  15 + 18 + 0.42  1220 = 2436.4 mm

Number of main bar which will be along length 6600 mm

= ly – (2  cover) / (c/c distance) + 1

6600 – 2 ´ 15
= + 1 = 44.8
150

= say 45 Nos.

2. L = Length of distribution bar (distribution steel parallel to longer side)

= 6600 – 2  15 + 18 = 6678 mm

Number of distribution bar which will be along length 2200mm

= ly – (2  cover)/ (c/c distance) + 1

2200 – 2 ´ 15
= + 1 = 11.85 = say 12 nos.
200
Bar bending schedule

Sr. Description Shape of bar No. of d L in m Total Length = Weight of 1m Total Weight
2
No. bars diameter I  no  = weight 
length bar = 162
length

1 Main bar 45 12 2.436 109.64 0.89 97.58

2 Distribution 12 6 6.678 80.136 0.22 17.63
bar
Total weight 115.21kg

Ex. 3.4.7 RCC slab of overall size 5500 mm  3000 mm and thickness 175 mm is provided with 12 mm main bars bent
up alternately and placed at distance 150 mm c/c. The distribution steel of 8mm diameter is provided at
distance 200 mm c/c. Find out the total quantity of steel. Prepare bar bending schedule. Take cover 15mm

Soln. : Thickness of slab 175 mm and cover 15mm

D = 175 – 2  15 = 145 mm

1. L = Length of main bar (main steel parallel to shorter side)

= 3000 – 2  15 + 18 + 0.42  145 = 3211 mm

Number of main bar which will be along length 6600 mm

= ly – (2  cover)/ (c/c distance + 1)

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-17 Detailed Estimate

5500 – 2  15
= + 1 = 37.73 nos.
150

= say 38 nos.

2. L = Length of distribution bar (distribution steel parallel to longer side)

= 5500 – 2  15 + 18 = 5614 mm

Number of distribution bar which will be along length 3.00 mm

= ly – (2  cover)/ (c/c distance) + 1

3000 – 2  15
= + 1 = 14.85 = say 15 nos.
200

Bar bending schedule

Sr. Description Shape of bar No.  L in Total Weight of 1m Total Weight

2

No. of diameter m Length length bar = = weight 
162
bars = I  no length

1 Main bar 38 12 3.211 109.64 0.89 97.58

2 Distribution 15 8 5.614 80.136 0.39 31.25

bar

Total 128.873 kg
weight

3.4.2 Lintel and Chajja

Ex. 3.4.8 : Workout quantity for reinforcement in the slab of chajja and lintel W-10, W-12, 6 Marks

Fig. P. 3.4.8
Soln. :Reinforcement for lintel-consider lintel as small beam
Given :

1. Main steel at bottom 4-12

Length of straight bar = width of window + 0.3m – 2  cover + 18 

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-18 Detailed Estimate

= 1200 + 300 – 2  40 + 18  1 0 = 1636 mm

2. Steel at top 2 – 10

Length of anchor bar = width of window + 0.3m – 2  cover +18 

= 1200 + 300 – 2  40 + 18  10

= 1600 mm

3. Stirrups – length of stirrups = 2(a + b) + 24 

= 2 (158 + 228) 24  8 = 964 mm

4. Number of stirrups = 1500 – 80/150 +1 = 11

Reinforcement for chajja-consider chajja as slab
Main steel bars 8mm  150c/c
1. Length = 600 + 230 – 2  40 + 18 = 894 mm
2. Number of bars = 1500–80/150 + 1 = 11
3. Distribution steel
Length = 1.5 – 2  40 + 18
= 1200 + 300 – 2  40 + 18  8 = 1564 mm
4. Number of bars = 830 – 80/1500 + 1 = 9
Bar bending schedule

Sr. Description Shape of No.  L in Total Weight of 1m Total Weight

No. bar of diameter m Length length bar = = weight 
2
bars = I  no  length kg
162

1. Iintel
Main bar 4 12 1.636 6.554 0.89 5.82
Distribution 2 10 1.600 3.2 0.62 1.97
steel
Stirrups 11 8 0.964 10.604 0.39 4.135

chajja
Main bars 11 8 0.894 9.834 0.39 3.835
Distribution 9 8 1.564 14.076 0.39 5.489
steel
Total 21.25kg
weight
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-19 Detailed Estimate

3.4.3 Footing

Ex. 3.4.9 : Find quantity of 10 mm  reinforcement in footing shown in Fig. P. 3.4.9 and prepare schedule or reinforcement.
Size of footing 1000 mm. W-15, 4 Marks

Fig. P. 3.4.9

Soln. :

Length of bar = (1000 – 2  25) + 18  10

Parallel to 1m side = 1130 mm

1200 – 2  25
No of bars = +1
150

No. of bars = 9

Length of bar = (1200 – 20  25) + 18  10

Parallel 1.2 m side = 1330 mm

1000 – 2  15
No of bars = +1 = 8
150

Sr. Description Shape of No.  L in Total Weight of 1m Total Weight =

No. bar of diameter m Length length bar = weight  length
2

bars = I  no kg
162

1 Straight 9 10 1.130 10.17 0.62 6.30

2 Bent up 8 10 1.330 10.64 0.62 6.59

Total 12.89 kg
weight

Ex. 3.4.10 : Work out quantity of steel for footing having size 1.2  1.5m and reinforcement 10mm  175 mm c/c distance for
both the span. (Take cover 50 mm)

Soln. :

Length of bar = (1200 – 2  50) + 18  10 = 1280 mm

1500 – 2  50
No of bars = +1=9
175
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-20 Detailed Estimate

Length of bar = (1500 – 2  50) + 18  10

= 1580 mm
1200 – 2  50
No of bars = +1
175

Sr. Description Shape of No.  L in m Total Length Weight of 1m Total Weight

2

No. bar of diameter = I  no length bar = = weight 
162
bars length kg

1 Straight 9 10 1.280 11.52 0.62 7.14

2 Bent up bar 8 10 1.580 12.64 0.62 7.84

Total 14.98kg

Ex. 3.4.11 : Find out quantity of steel for following items for community hall having dimension 15  8 m.

Soln. :

1. 4 Main columns at corner – having 16 mm  bar s – 6 no (230  300 mm) and links 6 mm  120 c/c

2. 4 secondary columns – 12 mm  bars – 4 nos.

(230  230 mm) and link 6 mm  150 c/c

3. Slab – 150 mm thick

Main steel – 16 mm  100 c/c alternate bent-up

Distribution steel – 10 mm  150 c/c

4. Footing – for all columns 1.5 m  0.9 m

Steel 12 mm  100 c/c in both the direction

5. Main beam – size – 230  450 mm

Main steel – 5 bars 16 mm  out of which 3- straight 2 bent-up bars

2 anchor bars – 12 mm 

Stirrups – 8 mm  160 c/c

6. Secondary beam (Grid beam) – 3 No.

Size – 150  300 mm

Main steel – 12 mm  4 bars – 2 straight – 2 bent up

Anchor bars 2 bar 10 mm 

Stirrups 6 mm  175 c/c

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-21 Detailed Estimate

Fig. P. 3.4.11 (a)

Main Column

Height – 4m above ground and 1.5 m below ground

Main steel – 6 bars 16 mm  links – 6mm  120 c/c.

Column size = 230  450 mm

Fig. P. 3.4.11(b)
Total length = 4 + 1.5 = 5.5 m = 5500 mm.
Main steel = Total length – 2  cover = 5500 – 2(25). = 5450 mm.
Link = 2 (A + B) + 24 .
= 2 (180 + 400) + 24  6 = 1304 mm
Total length – 2  cover + 1
Number of Links =
c/c
5500 – 2  25
= + 1 = 46.41 47 nos.
120

Sr. No. Type No.  Length Total Length Wt. length Wt.
1. Main steel 6 16 5.450 32.7 1.58 51.66
2. Links 47 6 1.304 61.288 0.222 13.60
65.26  66 kg.
 For one column – 66 kg
 For 4 column – 264 kg
Secondary Column
Height – 4m above ground and 1.5 m below grounds
Main steel – 4 bars 10 mm 
Links – 6 mm  150 cc.
Column size – 230  230 mm Fig. P. 3.4.11(c)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-22 Detailed Estimate

Total Length = 4 + 1.5 = 5.5m = 5500 mm

Main steel = Total Length – 2  cover = 5500 – 2  25 = 5450 mm.

Link = 2(A + B) + 24  = 2 (180 + 180) + 24  6

Link = 846 mm
Total length – 2 ´ cover
Number of Links = +1
c/c
5500 – 2 ´ 25
= + 1 = 55.5  56 nos.
100

Sr. No. Type No  Length Total Length Weight length Weight

1. Main steel 4 10 5.450 21.8 0.617 13.45

2. Links 56 6 0.864 48.384 0.222 10.74

Total 24.19  25 kg

 For one column – 25 kg

 For 4 column – 100 kg
Slab

Main steel – alternate bent – up

16 mm  100 c/c
Distribution steel 10mm  150 mm c/c

Size = 15.46  8.46 m.

Slab thickness = 150 mm.

Length of main steel = Total length – 2  cover + 18 + 0.42 d

= 8460 – 2  15 + 18  10 + 0.42  120 = 8748.4 mm

15460 – 2  15
Number of main bar = + 1 = 155.3 = 156 nos.
100

Distribution steel = Length –2  cover + 18 

= 15460 – 2  15 + 18  10 = 15590 mm
Total L – 2 cover
Number of distribution bar = +1
c/c
8460 – 2  15
= + 1 = 57.2 = 58 nos.
150

Sr. No. Type No.  Length Total Length Weight length Weight

1. Main steel 156 16 8.748 1364.688 1.58 2156.20

2. Distribution steel 58 10 15.590 904.22 0.617 557.90

Total 2714.10  2715 kg

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-23 Detailed Estimate

Footing
Steel in both direction 12 mm  100 mm c/c.

Fig. P. 3.4.11(d)

For 1 side
Steel = Length – 2  cover + 18
= 1500 – 2  50 + 18  12 = 1616 mm.
Total Length – 2  cover
Number of steel = +1
c/c
900 – 2  50
= + 1 = 9 nos.
100
For other side
Steel = Length – 2  cover + 18
= 900 – 2  50 + 18  12 = 1016 mm
Total length – 2  cover
Number of steel = +1
c/c
1500 – 2  50
= + 1 = 15 nos.
100

Sr. No. Type No  Length Total Length Weight length Weight kg

1. Steel 9 10 1.616 14.544 0.617 8.99
2. Steel 15 10 1.016 15.24 0.617 9.40
Total 18.39  19 kg
 For one footing – 99 kg
 For 4 footing – 96 kg
Main Beam
Beam size – 230  450 mm
Main steel – 5 bars at bottom of 16 mm . 3 straight bars 2 bent – up bars.
2 anchor bars – 12 mm 
Stirrups – 8 mm  160 c/c. Fig. P. 3.4.11(e)

Main bars = Total length of bar – 2  side cover + 18

= 3000 – 2 (25) + 18  16 = 3238mm.

Anchor bars = Total length – 2  cover + 18

= 3000 – 2(25) + 18  12. = 3166 mm.

Bent up bars = Total length – 2  cover + 0.84d + 18

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-24 Detailed Estimate

= 3000 – 2 (25) + 0.84  400 + 18 16 = 3574mm.

Stirrups = 2 (A + B) + 24 .

= 2 (180 + 400) + 24  8 = 1352 mm.

Total length – 2  cover
Number of stirrups = +1
c/c
3000 – 2  25
= + 1 = 19.43  20 nos.
160

For 3 m = 43 kg

 For (15 + 15 + 8 + 8) = 46 m

 43  46 = 1978 kg

Sr. No. Type No. Shape  Length Total Length Weight length Weight kg

1. Main 3 16 3.238 9.714 1.580 15.348

bars

2. Anchor 2 12 3.166 6.332 0.888 5.622

bars

3. Bent up 2 16 3.574 7.148 1.58 11.293

bars

4. Stirrups 20 8 1.352 27.04 0.395 10.682

Total 42.94  43
kg

Secondary Beam (Grid Beam) 3 No

Beam size– 150  300 mm
4 main bars – 12 mm .

2 straight bar and 2 bent up bar.

2 Anchor bars 10 mm .
Stirrups 6mm  175 c/c. Fig. P. 3.4.11(f)
Straight bars = Total length – 2  cover + 18
= 3000 – 2  25 + 18  12 = 3166mm.

Anchor Bars = Total length – 2  cover + 18

= 3000 – 2  25 + 18  10 = 3130 mm

Bent – up bars = Total length – 2  cover + 0.84d + 18

= 3000 – 2  25 + 0.84 d 2501812 3376 mm.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-25 Detailed Estimate

For 3m = 20 kg  For (15 + 8 + 8) = 31 m

 31  20 = 620 kg

Stirrups = 2 (A + B) + 24 . = 2 (100 + 250) + 24  6 = 844.

Total length – 2 ´ cover 3000 – 2 ´ 25
Number of stirrups = +1= + 1 = 17.85  18 nos.
c/c 175

Sr. No. Type No. Shape  Length Total Weight length Weight kg
Length

1. Main 2 12 3.166 6.332 0.888 5.62

bars
2. Anchor 2 10 3.130 6.26 0.617 3.86
bars
3. Bent up 2 12 3.376 6.752 0.888 5.99
bars
4. Stirrups 18 6 0.844 15.192 0.222 3.37

Total 18.84  20 kg

Ex. 3.4.12 : Work out quantity of steel for a circular column with following data
(i) Column : diameter -600 mm (ii) height : 4500 mm
(iii) Main steel : 8 bars 12 mm (Tor) (iv) Links : 6 mm MS@ 125 cm c/c

Soln. : Main steel – 12 mm bar

Length – 2  cover

Length of bar = 4500 – 80 = 4420 mm

Length of link =  D + 24 () = T1  520 + 24  6 = 1778 mm

4500 – 80
No. of links = + 1 = 35.26 = 36
125
Bar bending schedule
Sr. No. Type No.  Length Weight length Weight length
1. Main steel 8 12 mm 4.420 m 0.89 31.47
2. Link 36 6 mm 1.778 m 0.22 14.08
45.55kg

Ex. 3.4.13 : A simply supported beam resting on two wall supports of 300 mm thick with clear distance between support is
4.5 m. The reinforcement provided in the beam is as follows :

Top Bars Bottom bars Bentup bars Stirrups

2 Nos. – 10  3 Nos. 12  2 Nos. 16  6  150 mm c / c

Calculate the quantity of steel in the beam.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-26 Detailed Estimate

Soln. :
As the depth of beam is not given :
We assume depth 600 mm :

Fig. P. 3.4.13
Total length of beam

= 4.5 + bearing on both side

= 4500 + 300 + 300 = 5100 mm (300 mm wall thick)

Anchor bar length (Top bars) = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= (5100 – 2  25) + 18  10 = 5230 mm

Bottom straight bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18 

= (5100 – 2  25) + 18  12 = 5266 mm

Bent up bar length = (L – 2  cover) + 18  + 0.84 

= (5100 – 2  50) + 18  16 + 0.84550 = 5800 mm

Stirrup length = 2 (A + B) + 24  = 2 (550 + 250) + 24  6

= 1600 + 144 = 1744 mm

length cover (5100 – 50)
No. of stirrups = +1= + 1 = 34.46 = 35
C/C distance 150
Same table used for beam,
Sr. Description Diameter Shape Length of No. Total length Unit Weight Total
No. bar weight kg

1. Bottom bar 12 5.266 3 15.798 0.889 14.044

2. Bent GP bar 16 5.8 2 11.6 1.58 18.328

3. Top bars 10 5.23 2 10.46 0.617 6.454

4. Stirrups 6 1.744 35 61.04 0.222 13.551

Total 52.3777 Kg
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-27 Detailed Estimate

Ex. 3.4.14 : Work out quantity of steel for a circular column with following data :
(i) Column diameter (ii) Height 3600 mm
4
(iii) Main steel 8 bars 12 mm (TOR) (iv) Links 6 mm @ 150 mm c/c
(v) Column cover 40 mm.

Soln. : Main steel – 12 mm – 8 Bars

Length of bar = 3600 – 80 = 3520 mm

Length of link = D + 24 ()

=   670 + (24  6) …(D = 750 – 2  40 = 670)

= 2247.8 mm = 2.25 m
3600 – 2  cover
No. of links = + 1 = 24.47
150

Say = 25

Sr. No. Type No.  Length Weight Total Weight

1. Main steel 8 12 mm 3.520 0.89 25.06

2. Links 25 6 mm 2.25 0.22 12.375
37.437 Kg.
Ex. 3.4.15 : Work out quantities of the following any THREE items of work from Fig.P.3.4.15 (a)
(i) Earth Work in Excavation (ii) P.C.C. (1:4:8)
(iii) U. C. R. Masonry in foundation (iv) Mosaic flooring W-18 ,12Marks

Fig.P.3.4.15 (a)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-28 Detailed Estimate

Soln. :

Fig.P.3.4.15 (b)

Sr. Description No. L B D/H Quantity

No.

Calculation of earthwork & PCC considering 1000 mm PCC width

1. Earth work in excavation L1 = L2 = 7.6 + 1.0 = 8.6

D = 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.7 2 8.6 1.0 0.7 12.04
L3 = 3.8 + 1.0 = 4.8
S1 = S2=S3=3.3–1.0=2.3 S4 = S5 = 4.3 – 1.0 = 3.3 1 4.8 1.0 0.7 3.36
3 2.3 1.0 0.7 4.83
2 3.3 1.0 0.7 4.62

24.85 m3

2. P. C. C. (1 : 4 : 8) 2 8.6 1.0 0.2 3.44

1 4.8 1.0 0.2 0.96
3 2.3 1.0 0.2 1.38
2 3.3 1.0 0.2 1.32

7.1 m3

Calculation of earthwork & PCC considering 100 mm PCC width

1. Earth work in excavation L1 = L2 = 7.6 + 0.1 = 7.7

D = 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.7 2 7.7 0.1 0.7 1.08
L3 = 3.8 + 0.1 = 3.9
S1= S2=S3=3.3–0.1=3.2 S4 = S5 = 4.3 –0.1 = 4.2 1 3.9 0.1 0.7 0.27
3 3.2 0.1 0.7 0.67
2 4.2 0.1 0.7 0.59

2.61 m 3
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-29 Detailed Estimate

Sr. Description No. L B D/H Quantity

No.

2. P. C. C. (1 : 4 : 8) 2 7.7 0.1 0.2 0.31

1 3.9 0.1 0.2 0.08
3 3.2 0.1 0.2 0.19
2 4.2 0.1 0.2 0.17

0.75 m 3

3 U. C. R. 2 8.2 0.6 0.4 3.936

Step I : 1 4.4 0.6 0.4 1.056

L1 = L2 = 7.6 + 0.6 = 8.2 3 2.7 0.6 0.4 1.944

L3 = 3.8 + 0.6 = 4.4 2 3.7 0.6 0.4 1.776

S1 = S2 = S3=3.3–0.6=2.7
S4 = S5 = 4.3 – 0.6 = 3.7 2 8.1 0.5 0.6 4.86

Step II :
1 4.3 0.5 0.6 1.29
L1 = L2 = 7.6 + 0.5 = 8.1
3 2.8 0.5 0.6 2.52
L3 = 3.8 + 0.5 = 4.3
2 3.8 0.5 0.6 2.28
S1 = S2 =S3=3.3–0.5=2.8
S4 = S5 = 4.3 – 0.5 = 3.8

19.66 m3
4. Mosaic tiles
Living room 1 3.5 4.0 -- 14.0
Bed room 1 3.5 3.0 -- 10.5
Kitchen 1 3.5 3.0 -- 10.5
Door sill (assume width = 1 m) 3 1.0 0.3 -- 0.9
35.9 m2

Ex.3.4.16 : Find out the quantity of steel and prepare BBS from following data.

1. Size of room = 6m x 4m

2. Thickness of slab = 120 mm

Main bars bent up alternatively along longer span = 12 mm dia. @ 140 mm c/c.

Distribution bars along longer span = 6 mm dia. @ 125 mm c/c. W-18, 6 Marks
Soln. : Assume size of room = 6 m  4 m as overall size. Thickness of slab = 120 mm
Assume cover = 15 mm
So effective depth = 120 – 2 × 15 = 90 mm
Length of main bar (12 mm dia @ 140 mm c/c) Effective length = Lx – 2 ×cover + 2 × 9 × dia + 0.42d
= 4000 – 2 × 15 + 2 × 9 × 12 + 0.42 × 90
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-30 Detailed Estimate

= 4000 – 30 + 216 + 37.8 = 4223.8 mm = 4.224 m.

Fig. P.3.4.16
Main Bar
No. of main bars = [( Ly – 2 × cover)/spacing)] + 1
= [( 6000 – 2 × 15)/140)] + 1
= 43.64 m Say 44 m.
Length of distribution bar (6 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c) Length = Ly – 2 × cover + 2 × 9 × dia.
= 6000 – 2 × 15 + 2 × 9 × 6
= 6000 – 30 + 108 = 6078 mm = 6.078 m.
No. of bars = [(4000 – 2 × 15) / 125] + 1 = 32.76 Say 33.
4 bars may be given at top on either sides Hence No. of bars = 33 + 4 × 2 = 41.

Sr. Description Shape No. L Weight Total

No. Kg/m weight Kg.

1. Main bars 12 44 4.224 0.887 164.85

mm dia.

2. Distribution bars 33 6.078 0.22 44.13

6 mm dia. OR 41 OR 54.82

3.5 Provisions to be Made in Detail Estimate

 There are many things which one we can not predict while preparing estimate. But provision has to be made.
 Following are the things which are necessary

Fig. C.3.3 : Provisions to be Made in Detailed Estimate

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-31 Detailed Estimate

3.5.1 Contingencies (MSBTE –S-13, W-13,S-14, W-15, S-16, S-17)

Q. Define contingencies. (S-13, W-13, S-14, S-16, S-17)

Q. What is contingencies and work charged establishment ? W-15)

 There are some expenses which cannot be seen while preparing estimate.
 The expenses occurs during the execution of work. These expenses are called contingencies A provision of 3% to 5%
of estimated cost should be made. For example dewatering of excavation pit, diesel required for generator.
 The amount of contingences cannot be used for repair and extra item work.

3.5.2 Work Charged Establishment (MSBTE –S-15, W-15,S-16, W-16, S-17)

Q. Describe work charge establishment. (S-15,S-16, W-15)

Q. What is contingencies and work charged establishment ? W-15, W-16, S-17)

 Work supervisors, chaukidars, other temporary workers who are employed during execution of work. The payments
of above workers are done from work charged establishment.
 2% to 2.5% of estimated cost is considered for work charged establishment.
 These employees appointment is only upto completion of the project.

3.5.3 Centage Charges

(MSBTE – W-10, S-11, W-11, W-12, S-13, S-16, S-17, W-17)
Q. Describe centage charges. (W-10, S-11, W-11, W-12, S-13, S-16, S-17, ,W-17)

 When PWD executes the work of other government department a percentage amount 10% to 15% of estimated cost
is consider as charges.
 At initial stage of the project some establishment like approach road, labour camp, planning, designing. Supervision
are required. These charges are called centage charges.

3.5.4 Water Supply and Sanitary Arrangements

4% to 5% of estimated cost is reserved for water supply and sanitary arrangements.

3.5.5 Internal Electrification

The cost of electrification depends upon specification. Generally 8% of total estimated cost is consider for
electrification.

3.5.6 Prime Cost

(MSBTE – W-14, W-16, S-17, W-17)
Q. Define the Prime Cost. (W-14, W-16, S-17, W-17)

Definition : While preparing estimate the cost for some items can not predicted like fixtures and fastening of door and
windows, plumbing items. The cost of articles or materials at the shop is called prime cost.

3.5.7 Provisional Sum (MSBTE – W-14,W-15, W-16, S-17, W-17,W-18)

Q. Define Provisional sum. (W-14,W-15, W-16, S-17, W-17,W-18)

Definition : For some special work like installation of air conditioners, sewer lines, water lines some amount is kept aside
from estimator is called as provisional sum.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-32 Detailed Estimate

 Due to provisional sum the delay in execution of work is eliminated.

 The amount of provisional sum may vary as per site condition.

3.5.8 Day Work

(MSBTE – S-11, W-14, W-16,S-17,W-18)
Q. Define Day work. (S-11, W-14, W-16, S-17,W-18)
During execution of work some items measurement can not be taken directly such items payments are done by day
work.

3.5.9 Provisional Quantities (MSBTE – W-15, W-16, S-17)

Q. Describe ‘provisional quantities and ‘provisional sum’. (W-15)

Q. Prepare check-list of R.C.C. framed structure for preparing a detailed estimate. (W-16)
Q. State significance of checklist while preparing estimate. (S-17)
 When data is unavailable for some items. The quantities of that item are uncreation. For these items some quantities
are taken for calculation purpose. These quantities are called provisional quantities.

Check list of Load bearing structure

1. Site clearance 2. Excavation for foundation
3. Bed concrete 4. UCR in foundation
5. UCR in plinth 6. OPC
7. Brick masonry or UCR in superstructure. 8. Fixing doors and windows
9. Plastering 10. Painting
11. Electrification 12. Flooring

3.5.10 Bill of Quantities

Definition : It is the document prepared by estimator which provides project specific measured quantities of material
and labours identified by drawings and specification in tender documents.

3.5.11 Spot or Site Items

Definition : The items of existing buildings that require alteration and repair. The estimator need to be inspected the site
to gain an understanding of extent of work.

3.6 MSBTE Questions and Answers

Winter 2014 : Total Marks 10

Q. 1 Explain the following terms :

(a) Provisional sum (Section 3.5.6)

(b) Prime cost (Section 3.5.7)

(c) Day work (Section 3.5.8) (6 Marks)

Q. 2 Describe long wall and short wall method for calculating quantities of items of work. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-33 Detailed Estimate

Summer 2015 : Total Marks 28

Q. 3 State the data required for preparing detailed estimate. (Section 3.1.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 4 State the steps in preparation of detailed estimate. (Section 3.1.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 5 A RCC beam 230 x 300 mm and length 3000 mm is reinforced with 3 no. of 12 mm  main bar placed in one row out
of 3, 2 bars are straight and one bar is bent up respectively. In addition to this 2 anchor bars of 10 mm diameter are
provided at top. 6 mm  stirrups are provided at 150 mm c/c. The overall cover provided to beam is 20 mm. Calculate
total quantity of reinforcement (steel). (Ex. 3.4.4) (8 Marks)

Q. 5 Explain centre line method of calculating quantities of work. (Section 3.3.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 6 An R.C.C. roof slab of overall size 6500 mm  3000 mm and thickness 150 mm is provided with 12 mm diameter
main bars bent up alternatively along shorter span and placed at150 mm c/c. The distribution steel of 6 mm
diameters along longer span is provided at 200 mm c/c. The all round cover is 15 mm. Find out total quantity of steel.
Prepare bar bending schedule. (Ex. 3.4.5) (6 Marks)

Q. 7 Explain the terms : Work charge establishment. (Section 3.4.4) (2 Marks)

Winter 2015 : Total Marks 22

Q. 8 Differentiate with respect to four points unit quantity and total quantity method of detailed estimates.

(Section 3.2.1 and 3.2.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 9 Describe ‘provisional quantities’ and ‘provisional sum’. (Section 3.5.7 and 3.5.9) (6 Marks)

Q. 10 Explain PWD method of taking out quantities. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 11 Find quantity of 10 mm  reinforcement in footing shown in Fig. Q.11 and prepare schedule of reinforcement. Size of
footing 1000 mm (Ex. 3.4.9) (4 Marks)

Fig. Q.11 : Size of footing 1200 mm × 1200 mm

Q. 12 What is contingencies and work charged establishment ? (Sections 3.5.1 and 3.5.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 2016 : Total Marks 14

Q. 13 Describe the following terms and state purpose of each :

(i) Contingencies (Section 3.5.1) (2 Marks)

(ii) Work charged establishment, (Section 3.5.2) (2 Marks)

(iii) Centage charges. (Section 3.5.3) (2 Marks)

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-34 Detailed Estimate

Q. 14 Enlist the data required for detailed estimate and write necessity of each. (Section 3.1.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 15 Describe long wall and short wall method for calculating quantities of items of work. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Winter 2016 : Total Marks 32

Q. 16 What is bar bending schedule ? State any two advantages of preparing bar bending schedule.

(Section 3.4) (8 Marks)

Q. 17 Prepare check-list of R.C.C. framed structure for preparing a detailed estimate. (Section 3.5.9) (4 Marks)

Q. 18 What is prime cost and day work ? (Sections 3.5.6, 3.5.8) (4 Marks)

Q. 19 Explain the long wall and short wall method for taking out quantities. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 20 What is work charged establishment and contingencies ? (Section 3.5.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 21 Explain the procedure for preparation of detailed estimate for a small R.C.C. slab culvert. (Section 3.1.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 22 Explain the factors to be considered in preparation of detailed estimate. (Section 3.1.2) (4 Marks)

Summer 2017 : Total Marks 18

Q. 23 Explain the long wall and short wall method for calculating items of work. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 24 Explain the terms :

(i) Contingencies (Section 3.5.1) (2 Marks)

(ii) Provisional sum (Section 3.5.7) (2 Marks)

Q. 25 State significance of checklist while preparing detail estimate. (Section 3.5.9) (4 Marks)

Q. 26 Define :

1. Day work (Section 3.5.8 ) (2 Marks)

3. Work change establishment (Section 3.5.2) (2 Marks)

Q. 27 Define : Centage charges (Section 3.5.3) (1 Marks)

Q. 28 Define : Prime cost (Section 3.5.6) (1 Marks)

Winter 2017 : Total Marks 12

Q. 29 Describe in brief long wall short wall method for taking out quantities. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 30 Explain in brief centage charges. (Section 3.5.3) (4 Marks)

Q. 31 Define :

(i) Prime cost (Section 3.5.6) (ii) Provisional sum (Section 3.5.7) (4 Marks)

Summer 2018 : Total Marks 04

Q. 32 Explain the long wall and short wall method for taking out quantities. (Section 3.3.1) (4 Marks)

Winter 2018 : Total Marks 30

Q. 33 Describe in brief centre line method for taking out quantities. (Section 3.3.2) (4 Marks)
Q. 34 State the data required for preparing detailed estimate. (Section 3.1.1) (4 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 3-35 Detailed Estimate

Q. 35 Define :

(i) Provisional sum (Section 3.5.7)

(ii) Provisional quantities (Section 3.5.9) (4 Marks)

Q. 35 Workout quantities of any three items of work for fig. No. 35

Fig. Q. 35

(i) Earthwork in excavation

(ii) P.C.C (1 : 4: 8)

(iii) U.C.R Masonary in foundation

(iv) Mosaic flooring (Ex.3.4.15) (12 Marks)

Q. 36 Find out total quantity of steel and prepare BBS from following data:
(1) Size of room = 6 m × 4 m
(2) Thickness of slab = 120 mm
(3) Main bars bentup alternatively = 12mm dia.
Along shorter span @ 140 mm c/c
(4) Distribution bars = 6 mm dia.

Along longer span @ 125 mm c/c (Ex.3.4.16) (6 Marks)


 4 Rate Analysis

UNIT IV
Syllabus :
4.1 Rate Analysis : Definition, purpose, importance and factors affecting.
4.2 Lead (Standard and Extra), lift, overhead charges, water charges and contractors profit,
4.3 Procedure of rate analysis.
4.4 Task work : Definition, factors Affecting, types. Task work of different skilled labour for different items.
4.5 Categories of labours, their daily wages, types and number of labours for different items of work.
4.6 Load carrying capacity of different types of vehicles. Transportation of materials and their hire charges.
4.7 Preparing rate analysis of different items of work – PCC, RCC work in (column, beam, lintel, slab), brick masonry.
Stone masonry, Vitrified tile flooring, plastering, Wood work for doors.

4.1 Introduction

 Rate analysis is nothing but determination of rate per unit of a specific item. Rate analysis gives us idea of material
required for completing specific item.
 Rate analysis helps us to control the consumption of material on site, due to task work the productivity of labour is
also checked.

4.2 Rate Analysis

( MSBTE –W-13, S-15, S-17, S-18,W-18)

Q. Define rate analysis. (W-13, S-15, S-17, S-18,W-18)

Definition : It is process of determining the rate per unit of an item of a work from cost of material, cost of labour, cost of
rent and operation of tools and plant and other miscellaneous expenses.

4.2.1 Purpose of Rate Analysis

( MSBTE – W-13, S-17 )

Q. State purpose of rate analysis. (W-13, S-17)

(1) To know actual cost of item.

(2) To know labour cost.
(3) It is useful for material management.
(4) To choose contractor for giving contract.
(5) To select labour contractor.
(6) To compare rates of contractor and rate of department / owner.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-2 Rate Analysis

4.2.2 Importance of Rate Analysis ( MSBTE – W-14, W-17,W-18)

Q. State necessity of rate analysis. .W-14, W-17,W-18.

 It is really important to know the quantity of material, number of labours, rate of raw material, rate of rent of
machinery etc in advance i.e. before execution of work starts.
 Due to rate analysis fair idea of these things is clear in engineers mind. Rate analysis is a judgmental process.
 The rates calculated with the help of this process are not exact. Here rates are different at different places.
 But due to rate analysis purchasing of materials becomes easy.
 Rate analysis is very important with respect to resource allocation i.e. it plays important role in allocation of labours at
right time and at the right place.
 Tools and plants are allocated smoothly.

4.3 Factors Affecting Rate Analysis

( MSBTE – S-14, S-15, W-15, S-16, W-16, S-17, W-17, S-18,W-18)
Q. State factors affecting rate analysis. (S-14, S-15, W-15, S-16,S-17, W-17,W-18)
Q. State and explain four factors affecting rate of an item. W-16, S-18.

(1) Major factors (2) Minor factors

4.3.1 Major Factors

Major factor

Material Labour Specification

Material
 About 50% of total cost is material cost. Therefore material plays very important role in rate analysis.
 If locally available material should be used for the work then rate of item is less as compare to other location. Material
required is different for different grades of concrete i.e. for M15 grade (1:2:4) and M10 grade (1:3:6) the material
required is different.
 Exact quantity of material should be calculated while doing rate analysis.
Labour

 The second important major factor which affects the rate analysis is labour.
 The number of labours are decided using task-work or out turn per day (as per PWD Maharashtra). Labour rate
depends upon type of work, type of worker or labour required.
 For example labour rate of excavation for residential building and excavation for tunneling is different. When the site
is located at remote place the labour rate changes.
 About 30% of total cost is labour cost.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-3 Rate Analysis

Specification
 Specification gives the details of items. As per the specification the rate of an item changes.

 For example, if in specification it is mention that two coats of distemper has to be provided. Then the rate is suppose
100/-. But if emulsion point has to provided the rate is different.

 Rate of mild steel and for steel is different. Thus specification affect the rate analysis in large scale.

4.3.2 Minor Factors

Minor factors

Tools and Overhead Contractors Place of Condition of Magnitude of

plants charges profit work contract work

1. Tools and plants

Depending upon requirement of owner/department the necessity of tools and plant is decided. If it is the requirement
of owner/department the machinery is purchased. Otherwise the tools and plants are hired (on rental basis).
2. Overhead charges
It is usually 2% to 5% of the total cost of work. It is consist of the charges which are generally required on site on
regular basis like travelling expenses, telephone bills, stationary and printing expenses etc. These charges are more
when the work is of larger scale.
3. Contractors profit
It depends upon the type of work. Generally it is taken 10% of total cost.

4. Place of work
The rate analysis depends the place of work. If the site is situated in hilly area or in extreme weather condition then
the rates are more.
5. Condition of contract
If the conditions of contract are very particular i.e. if the time is the main constraint then the rates are more.

6. Magnitude of work
For the work which is going to continue for more period then the rates are less i.e. if the work magnitude is more then
the rates are less.

4.4 Procedure of Rate Analysis

( MSBTE – W-16)
Q. Describe the procedure for preparing rate analysis. W-16.
In rate analysis there are two main steps

(1) Finding material quantity and material cost

(2) Deciding number of labours and labour cost

After completion of above steps water charges and contractors profit are added and per unit cost is find out.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-4 Rate Analysis

(1) Finding material quantity and material cost

3 2
Considering standard 10 m , 100 m volume and area the material quantity is find out.

(i) 40% to 60% of wet volume is added to find out dry volume.

(ii) Dry volume is then divided by addition of proportion of materials. From this the quantity of one part is find out.

(iii) Then one part value  proportion of material

For example for P.C.C. having proportion (1:2:4)

3
If dry volume is 15.2 m then value of one part is
15.2 15.2
= = = 2.17
(1 + 2 + 4) 7
 Cement = 1  2.17 = 2.17 m
3

 Sand = 2  2.17 = 4.34 m

3

 Aggregate = 4  2.17 = 8.68 m

3

(iv) After finding out quantity of materials the quantity of material is multiplied by rate and cost of material is find out.
(2) Cost of labour
Using out turn labour chart no of labour required for the particular work are decided. The number of labours may vary
according to type of work.
The daily wages of labour are decided using DSR or for private work according to market rate. Thus labour cost is find
out.
 Total cost = Material cost + labour cost
Water charges = 1.5%  Total cost
Contractors profit = 10%  Total cost are added
And grand total is calculated. After that per unit rate is find out.

4.5 Meaning of Terms

4.5.1 Lead
( MSBTE – W-14, S-15, W-15, S-17,W-18)
Q. Define lead. (W-14, S-15, W-15,S-17,W-18)

Definition : It is defined as the horizontal distance up to which a contractor has to how the excavated material and is
included in rates of excavation.
Generally 30 m lead is taken into consideration. It is also called as standard or normal lead.

4.5.2 Lift
( MSBTE – W-14, S-15, W-15, S-17,W-18)
Q. Define lift. W-14, S-15, W-15,S-17,W-18)

Definition : It is defined as vertical distance which is travelled by material. Generally it is taken as 1.5 m.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-5 Rate Analysis

4.6 Task Work

4.6.1 Task Work / Day Work / Out Turn

( MSBTE – W-14, S-15, W-16, S-17, S-18,W-18)
Q. Define task work. (W-14, S-15, W-16, S-17, S-18, W-18)

The capacity of doing work by skilled labour per day i.e. for 8 hours is known as task work / day work / out turn.

4.6.2 Factors Affecting Task Work

( MSBTE – S-15, W-15, S-16, W-16, W-17, S-18)
Q. State factors affecting task work. (S-15, W-15, S-16, W-16, W-17, S-18),

(1) Depending upon the skills of labour the output is different.

(2) Climatic condition of environmental condition affects the task work.
(3) Planning of work execution affects the task work.
(4) Well organized and managed site increases labour output.
(5) Work environment is major factor to increase labour output.
(6) If safety measures are followed on site labour output increases.

4.6.3 Task Work Per Day Skilled Labour (as per Maharashtra PWD)

Sr. No. Item Labour Quantity

3
1. Brickwork in foundation and plinth Mason 1.25 m
3
2. Brickwork in super structure Mason 1.00 m
3
3. Half brick thick wall Mason 5.00 m
3
4. Course rubble masonry in foundation and plinth Mason 0.9 m
3
5. U.C.R. in super structure Mason 1.0 m
3
6. P.C.C. work Mason 5.0 m
3
7. R.C.C. work Mason 3.0 m
2
8. 12 mm thick plaster in C.M. Mason 8.0 m
2
9. Pointing Mason 10.0 m
3
10. Pointing doors and windows Pointer 25.0 m
2
11. Distempering one coat Pointer 35.0 m
2
12. Flooring Mason 7.5 m

13. Reinforcement (Bar bending) Fitter 1.0 Quintal

3
14. Excavation in hard soil Labour 2.0 m
2
15. Excavation in hard rock Labour 1.0 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-6 Rate Analysis

4.7 Categories of Labours

To execute the work of construction various categories of labours are required. There are mainly 3 categories of
labour.
1. Skilled labours
2. Semi skilled labours
3. Unskilled labours
The labour rates may changes from place to place.

4.8 Conveyance Capacity of Different Types of Vehicle

4.8.1 Load Carrying Capacity

( MSBTE – S-13)
Q. State capacity of truck for brick and sand. .S-13.

Sr. Particulars Truck capacity

No.
3 tone 5 tone 8 tone

1. Bricks Mangalore tile 1000 1600 2000 No.

No. No.

2. Cement, steel 3 tone 5 tone 8 tone

3 3 3
3. Sand, metal, grid 2.8 m 4.2 m 5.6 m

4.8.2 Load Carrying Capacity of Two Bullock Cart

( MSBTE – S-12)
Q. State load carrying capacity of bullock cart on pucca road for cement, steel, bricks and sand. S-12.

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity

Pucca road Kaccha

1. Bricks 19  9  9 (cm) 400 Nos. 275 Nos.

3 3
2. Stone ballast (metal) 1m 0.7 m
3 3
3. Lime 1.4 m 1.1 m
3 3
4. Sand 1.1 m 0.85 m

5. Mangalore tiles 400 Nos. 275 Nos.

6. Cement 20 bags 15 bags

7. Steel 1 tone 0.75 tone

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-7 Rate Analysis

4.9 Labour Required for Different Works

( MSBTE – W-08)
3
Q. Work out labour component for 10 m R.C.C. slab (M 20) at height 3.0 M from GL. (W-08)

Sr. No. Description of work Quantity Labour required

3
1. Cement concrete in foundation 10 m Mason – 1
Mazdoor
Male – 10
Female – 6
Bhisti – 2
3
2. R.C.C. work 10 m Mason – 1
Male Mazdoor – 10
Female Mazdoor – 12
Bhisti – 2
2
3. Centering and shuttering for slab 10 m Carpenter – 4 No.
Male Mazdoor – 4 No.
4. Bar bending and binding reinforcement for R.C.C. work 1 quintal Bar bender – 1
(100 kg)
Mazdoor – 1
3
5. Stone masonry in foundation 10 m Mason – 10
Mazdoor – 16
Female mazdoor – 8
Bhisti – 2
3
6. First class brick work in super structure 10 m Mason – 10
Male mazdoor – 10
Female mazdoor – 8
Bhisti – 2
2
7. 12 mm thick plastering 100 m Mason – 10
Male mazdoor – 10
Bhisti – 1
2
8. 20 mm thick damp proof course 100 m Mason – 5
Mazdoor – 5
Bhisti – 1
2
9. Cement pointing 100 m Mason – 10
Mazdoor – 10
Bhisti – 1
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-8 Rate Analysis

Sr. No. Description of work Quantity Labour required

2
10. Mosaic or Terrazo floor 100 m H. Mason – 1/2
Mason – 15
Male mazdoor – 12
Female mazdoor – 8
Bhisti – 2
2
11. White washing or colour washing 100 m White washer – 2
Male mazdoors – 2
2
12. Frame of doors and windows 0.18 m Carpenter – 2
Mazdoor – 1
3
13. Panelled glazed shutters 0.30 m Carpenter – 15
Mazdoor – 4
2
14. Pointing 100 m H. Mason – 1/2
Mason – 10
Mazdoor – 10
Bhisti – 1

4.10 Solved Examples

Examples on finding out quantity of material.

Ex. 4.10.1 : Find out quantity of material for PCC (1:2:4) (W-08 4Marks)
Soln. : Assume wet volume of PCC 10 m3
(a) Dry volume = 52% more of wet volume
52
10 +  10 = 10 + 5.2 = 15.2 m3
100
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of mixture =
Sum of mix proportion
15.2
 = = 2.17
1+2+4
 Volume of cement = 2.17  proportion (1)
= 2.17  1 = 2.174 m3
2.174
Number of bags of cement = = 62.5 (volume of one cement bag = 0.035 m3)
0.035
 Number of bags = 63 bag
(c) Volume of sand = 2.174  proportion (2)
= 2.174  2 = 4.34 m3
(d) Volume of aggregate = 2.174  Proportion (3)
= 2.174  3
= 8.686 m3
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-9 Rate Analysis

Total material required

Cement = 63 bags
Sand = 4.34 m3
Aggregate = 8.686 m3

Ex. 4.10.2 : Find out quantity of material required for brickwork in cement mortar (1:6) in super structure. S-17 4Marks)
Soln. :
3
Assume volume of brick masonry = 10 m
(a) Dry volume = 35% more of masonry
35
 10 = 3.5 m
3
=
100
Dry volume 3.5
(b) Volume of one part of mixture =  = = 0.5 m3
Sum of mix proportion 1+6
 Volume of cement = 0.5  proportion (1) = 0.5  1 = 0.5 m
3
(c)
0.5 3
Number of cement bags = = 14.4 bags (volume of one cement bag = 0.035 m )
0.035
 Say = 15 bags
= 0.5  proportion (2) = 0.5  6 = 3 m
3
(d) Volume of sand
(e) Number of bricks
Size of one brick = 19 cm  9 cm  9 cm = 0.19  0.9  0.9 m

Add thickness of mortar throughout = 1 cm

Size of brick with mortar = 0.2  0.1  0.1 m

10
Number of bricks = = 5000 Nos.
0.2  0.1  0.1
5
Assuming 5% of wastage =  5000 + 5000 = 525
100

 Total bricks = 5525

Total material

Cement = 15 bags
3
Sand = 3m

Bricks = 5525 Nos.

3
Ex. 4.10.3 : Find out the material required for U.C.R. masonry consider 10 m of UCR (1:6).
Soln. :
(a) Dry volume = 42% of wet volume
42
 Dry volume =  10
100
3
= 4.2 m
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of mixture =
Sum of mix proportion
4.2 4.2
 = = = 0.6
1+6 7
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-10 Rate Analysis

Volume of cement = 0.6  (proportion) = 0.6  1 = 0.6 m

3
(c)
0.6
Number of cement bags = = 17.14 Say 18 bags
0.035
Volume of sand = 6  0.6
3
= 3.6 m
Volume of stone = 1.25  Total volume
= 1.25  10
3
= 12.5 m
Material Cement = 18 bags
3
Sand = 3.6 m
3
Stone = 12.5 m
2
Ex. 4.10.4 : Find out quantity of cement and sand for 100 m plastering thickness 12 mm and proportional (1:6).
Soln. :
(a) Volume of plaster = Area  Thickness

= 100  12 = 1.2 m
3

30
(b) Add 30% mortar to fill up joint =  1.2 + 1.2
100

= 0.36 + 1.2 = 1.56

(c) Increasing 25% of total volume

25
= 1.56 +  1.56
100
3
= 1.95 m
Dry volume
(d) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
1.95 3
= = 0.279 m
1+6

(e) Volume of cement = 0.279  (Proportion)

= 0.279  1 = 0.279 m
3

0.279
Number of cement bags = = 8 bags
0.035

Volume of sand = 0.276  6 = 1.67 m

3
(f)

Material Cement = 8 bags

3
Sand = 1.67 m
Ex. 4.10.5 : Find out quantity of materials for flooring (ceramic) for a hall 6 m  10 m on 50 mm thick 1 : 4 cement
mortar.
Soln. :
Area of flooring = 6  10
2
= 60 m

Volume of flooring = Area  thickness

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-11 Rate Analysis

= 60  0.5
3
= 3m
3
Now wet volume of wet mortar = 3m

(a) Dry volume = 25 % more of wet volume

25
= 3+ 3
100
3
= 3.75 m
Dry volume
Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
3.75
=
1+4
3
= 0.75 m

(b) Volume of cement = 0.75  Proportion (1)

3
= 0.75 m
0.75
Number of cement bags =
0.035

= 21.43 Say 22 bags.

(c) Volume of sand = 0.75  Proportion (4)

= 0.75  4
3
= 3m
(d)Let us assume ceramic tiles are of size (20  20 cm)
Area
 Number of tiles =
Area of one tile
100
= = 1500
0.2  0.2
 Material required,
Cement bags = 22
3
Sand = 3m
Tiles = 1500 Nos.
Ex. 4.10.6 : Estimate the quantity of cement, sand and brick for a wall 6m long, 3m height and 23 cm thick with cement
mortar (1 : 5).
Soln. :
Given :
Length of wall = 6m

Height of wall = 3m

Thickness = 23 cm = 0.23 m

 Volume of brick work = Length  height  thickness

= 6  3  0.23
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-12 Rate Analysis
3
= 4.14 m
3
(a) Wet volume of brickwork = 4.14 m
35
Dry volume =  4.14
100
3
= 1.449 m
Dry volume
Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
1.449
=
1+5

= 0.2415

(b) Volume of cement = 0.2415  1

3
= 0.2415 m
0.2415
No. of cement bags =
0.035

= 6.9 Say 7 bags.

(c) Volume of sand = 0.2415  5

3
= 1.207 m

(d) Size of brick = 19  9  9 cm

Size of brick with mortar = 20  10 10 cm

Volume of masonry
 Number of brick =
Volume of one brick
4.14
=
0.2  0.1  0.1

= 2070 Nos.
5
Add 5% wastages =  2070
100

= 103.5 …Say 104

 Total number of bricks = 2070 + 104

= 2174 Nos.
Materials required,

Cement = 7 bags
3
Sand = 1.207 m

Bricks = 2174 Nos.

Ex. 4.10.7 : Find out the quantities of cement, sand and aggregate for RCC 1 : 2 : 4 work of 25 Cubic m quantity.
W-18, 6 Marks
Soln. :
(a) Dry volume = 52% more of wet volume
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-13 Rate Analysis

52
=  25 + 25
100
3
= 38 m
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
38
=
1+2+4

= 5.43

(c) Volume of cement = 5.43  1

3
= 5.43 m
5.43
Number of cement bags =
0.035

= 155.14 Say 156 bags

(d) Volume of sand = 5.43  2

3
= 10.86 m

(e) Volume of aggregate = 5.43  4

3
= 21.74 m
 Materials required,
Cement = 156 bags
3
Sand = 10.86 m
3
Aggregate = 21.74 m
3
Ex. 4.10.8 : Work out materials required for 40 m brick masonry in cement mortar 1 : 6. S-16, W-17 6 Marks
Soln. :
3
Volume of masonry = 40 m
(a) Dry volume of mortar = 35% of wet volume
35
=  40
100
3
= 14 m
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
14
=
1+6

= 2
Volume of cement = 2  1 = 2 m
3
(c)
2
Number of cement bags =
0.035

= 57.14 …Say 58 bags.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-14 Rate Analysis

(d) Volume of sand = 2 6

3
= 12 m
Volume of masonry
(e) Number of bricks =
Volume of one brick with mortar
40 Size of brick with mortar
0.2  0.1 0.1  20 cm 10 cm 10 cm 
=

= 20,000
5
Considering 5% wastage =  20000 = 1000
100

Total bricks = 20,000 + 1000

= 21,000 Nos.

Materials required,

Cement = 58 bags
3
Sand = 12 m

Bricks = 21,000 Nos.

2
Ex. 4.10.9 : Work out the quantity of materials required for 12 mm plaster in CM 1 : 4 for 200 m area.
Soln. :
2
Area of cement plaster = 200 m
 Wet volume = Area  thickness
3
= 2.4 m
(a) Adding 30% mortar to fill joint,
30
=  2.4 + 2.4
100
3
= 3.12 m
(b) Dry volume = 25% more of wet volume
25
=  3.12 + 3.12
100
3
= 3.9 m
Dry volume
(c) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
3.9
=
1+4
3
= 0.78 m
Volume of cement = 0.78  1 = 0.78 m
3
(d)
0.78
Number of cement bags =
0.035
= 22.28 …Say 23 bags
Volume of sand = 0.78  4 = 3.12 m
3
(e)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-15 Rate Analysis

Materials required,
Cement = 23 bags
3
Sand = 3.12 m

Ex. 4.10.10 : Prepare rate analysis for R.C.C. work (1 : 2 : 4) .W-14, 4 Marks.
3
Soln. : Assume wet volume of R.C.C. = 10 m

(a) Dry volume = 52% more of wet volume

52
 10 + 10 = 15.2 m
3
=
100
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
15.2 3
= = 2.1714 m
1+2+4

Volume of cement = 2.1714  1 = 2.1714 m

3
(c)
2.1714
Number of cement bags = = 62.58 …Say 63 bags.
0.035

Volume of sand = 2  2.1714 = 4.343 m

3
(d)

Volume of aggregate = 3  2.1714 = 8.685 m

3
(e)

(f) Assuming 1% steel reinforcement,

1
 10 = 0.1 m
3
Volume of steel =
100

But weight of steel 7850 for 1 kg,

 Weight = 0.1  7850 = 785 kg

= 20,000

Binding wire = 10  0.785 = 7.85 kg

 Cost of material for R.C.C work

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 63 350 bag 22050

3
2 Sand 4.343 800 m 3474.24
3
3 Aggregate 8.685 700 m 6079.99

4 Steel 785 45 kg 35325

5 Binding wire 7.85 40 kg 314

- - - - - 67243.23/-

 Cost of labour for R.C.C work

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-16 Rate Analysis

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 1.5 350 day 525

2 Mason 3 325 day 975

3 Mazdoor (m) 13 300 day 3900

4 Mazdoor (f) 10 275 day 2750

5 Bar bender 15 300 day 4500

6 Bhisti 2 300 day 600

Centering and shuttering 0

7 Carpenter 10 300 day 3000

8 Mazdoor 10 300 day 3000

9 Contengencies LS 500 LS 500

- - - - - 19750/-

- - - Total 86993.23/-

- - - Water charges 1.5% 1304.898

- - - Contractors profit 10% 8699.323

- - - Grand total 96997.45/-

Rate per cubic m = 96997.45/10 = 9699.745

Ex. 4.10.11: Prepare rate analysis of brick work in super structure in C.M. (1 : 6) .W-14, W-15 ,4 Marks.
st
Soln. : Assume 1 class brick work,
3
Assume volume of brick masonry = 10 m
(a) Dry volume = 35% volume of masonry of mortar
35
  10 = 3.5 m
3
Dry volume =
100
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
3.5 3
= = 0.5 m
1+6
Volume of cement = 1  0.5 = 0.5 m
3
(c)
0.5
Number of cement bags = = 14.41 bags …Say 15 bags.
0.035
(d) Volume of sand = 0.5  6
3
= 3m
(e) Number of bricks,
Size of one brick = 19 cm  9 9 cm
Add thickness of mortar = 1 cm
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-17 Rate Analysis

Size of brick with mortar = 0.2  0.1 0.1 m

10
Number of bricks =
0.2 0.1  0.1
= 5000 Nos.
5
Assume 5% wastage = 5000 + 5000
100
= 5250 Nos.
Cost of material for brickwork

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 15 350 bag 5250
3
2 Sand 3 800 m 2400
3 Bricks 5250 7 no 36750
- - - - - 44400/-

 Cost of labour for brickwork

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 0.5 350 day 175

2 Mason 10 325 day 3250

3 Mazdoor (m) 10 300 day 3000

4 Mazdoor (f) 8 275 day 2200

5 Bhisti 2 300 day 600

6 Contengencies LS 250 LS 250

- - - - - 9475/-

- - - Total 53875/-

- - - Water charges 1.5% 808.125

- - - Contractors profit 10% 5387.5

- - - Grand total 60070.63/-

Rate per cubic m = 60070.63/10 = 6007.063

Ex. 4.10.12 : Prepare rate analysis of 12 mm thick cement plaster having proportion (1 : 4). .S-15, W-17 ,8 Marks .
Soln. :
2
Consider 100 m plaster
Thickness of plaster = 0.012 m
(a) Volume of plaster = Area  thickness = 100  0.012
3
= 1.2 m
(b) Adding 30% mortar to fill up joint,
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-18 Rate Analysis

30
=  1.2 + 1.2 = 0.36 + 1.2
100
= 1.56
25
(c) Increasing 25% of total volume = 1.56 +  1.56
100
3
= 1.95 m
Dry volume 1.95 3
(d) Volume of one part of proportion = = = 0.39 m
Sum of mix proportion 1 + 4
Volume of cement = 0.39  1 = 0.39 m
3
(e)
0.39
Number of cement bags =
0.035
= 11.14 bags …Say 12 bags
(f) Volume of sand = 0.39  4
3
= 1.56 m
Cost of material for plaster

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 12 350 bag 4200
3
2 Sand 1.56 800 m 1248
- - - - - 5448/-

 Cost of labour for plaster

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 0.5 350 day 175

2 Mason 10 325 day 3250

3 Mazdoor (m) 10 300 day 3000

4 Bhisti 1 300 day 300

5 Contengencies LS 250 LS 250

- - - - - 6975/-

- - - Total (Material + Labour) 12423/-

- - - Water charges 1.5% 186.345

- - - Contractors profit 10% 1242.3

- - - Grand total 13851.65/-

Rate per square m = 13851.65/100 = 138.5165

Ex. 4.10.13 : Prepare rate analysis for 25 mm thick damp proof course in C.C. (1 : 2 : 4).
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-19 Rate Analysis

Soln. :
2
Assume quantity = 100 m

(a) Volume of wet concrete = Area  thickness

Volume of wet concrete = 100  0.25
3
= 2.5 m

(b) Dry volume is 52% more than wet volume,

52
= 2.5 +  2.5
100
3
= 3.8 m
Dry volume
(c) Volume of one part of proportion =
Sum of mix proportion
3.8
=
(1 + 2 + 4)
3
= 0.543 m

(d) Volume of cement = 1  0.543

3
= 0.543 m
0.543
Number of cement bags = = 15.51 Say 16 bags
0.035

(e) Volume of sand = 0.543  2

3
= 1.086 m

(f) Volume of course aggregate = 4  0.543

3
= 2.172 m
Cost of material for damp proof course

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 16 350 bag 5600
3
2 Sand 1.086 800 m 868.8
3
3 Aggregate 2.172 700 m 1520.4
4 Water proofing agent 16 144 KG 2304
- - - - - 10293.2/-

 Cost of labour for damp proof course

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 0.5 350 day 175
2 Mason 5 325 day 1625
3 Mazdoor (m) 5 300 day 1500
4 Bhisti 1 300 day 300
5 Contengencies LS 250 LS 250
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-20 Rate Analysis

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

- - - - - 3850/-
- - - Total 14143.2/-
- - - Water charges 1.5% 212.148
- - - Contractors profit 10% 1414.32
- - - Grand total 15769.67/-

Rate per Sq. m = 15769.67/100 = 157.6967.

Ex. 4.10.14 : Prepare the rate analysis for U.C.R. masonry in CM 1 : 4 in foundation. .W-08 ,6 Marks.
Soln. :
3
Assume volume of masonry = 10 m
(a) Dry volume of cement mortar = 42% of volume of masonry
42
=  10
100
3
= 4.2 m
4.2
(b) Volume of one proportion of mix =
1+4

= 0.84

(c) Volume of cement = 1  0.84

3
= 0.84 m
0.84
Number of cement bags = = 24 bags
0.035

(d) Volume of sand = 4 0.84

3
= 3.36 m

(e) Volume of stone = 1.25  Volume of masonry

3
= 12.5 m

(f) Number of through = 2 Nos./cum

= 20 Nos.
Cost of material for U.C.R masonry

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 24 350 bag 8400
3
2 Sand 3.36 800 m 2688
3
3 Stone 12.5 600 m 7500
4 Through stone 20 40 no 800
- - - - - 19388/-

 Cost of labour for U.C.R masonry

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-21 Rate Analysis

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 0.5 350 day 175

2 Mason 10 325 day 3250

3 Mazdoor (m) 16 300 day 4800

4 Mazdoor (f) 8 275 day 2200

5 Bhisti 2 300 Day 600

6 Contengencies LS 250 LS 250

- - - - - 11275/-

- - - Total 30663/-

- - - Water charges 1.5% 459.945

- - - Contractors profit 10% 3066.3

- - - Grand total 34189.25/-

Rate per cubic m = 34189.25/10 = 3418.925

Ex. 4.10.15 : Prepare rate for flooring over 20 mm lime bed mortar (1 : 2 : 4).
2
Soln. : Assume100 m
20
(a) Wet volume = 100 
1000
3
= 2.0 m

(b) Dry volume = 25% more of wet volume

25
= 2+2
100
3
= 2.5 m
(c) Volume of one portion/part of mixture,
Dry volume
=
sum of mix proportion
2.5
=
1+2+4
= 0.416
(d) Volume of cement = 0.4166  1

= 0.4166
0.416
Number of cement bags = = 11.9 bags …Say 12 bags
0.035
Volume of lime = 0.416  2 = 0.833 m
3
(e)
Volume of sand = 0.416  4 = 1.66 m
3
(f)
(g) Assume mosaic tiles (20 cm  20 cm)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-22 Rate Analysis

100
Number of tiles =
0.2  0.2
= 2500 Nos.
2
Note : If rate is known per no. of tiles we can used above quantity. If rate is known in sq. m we can directly use 100 m .
Cost of material for flooring

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Cement 12 350 bag 4200

3
2 Sand 1.66 800 m 1328
3
3 Lime 0.833 7000 m 5831
2
4 Tiles 100 800 m 80000

- - - - - 91359/-

 Cost of labour for flooring

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 H. Mason 0.5 350 day 175
2 Mason 15 325 day 4875
3 Mazdoor (m) 12 300 day 3600
4 Mazdoor (f) 10 275 day 2750
5 Bhisti 2 300 day 600
6 Polishing machine with operator 2 4000 Is 8000
- - - - - 20000/-
- - - Total 111359/-
- - - Water charges 1.5% 1670.385

- - - Contractors profit 10% 11135.9

- - - Grand total 124165.3/-

Rate per cubic m = 124165.3/10 = 1241.653.

NOTE :
Grade and proportion of concrete,
M10 = (1 : 3 : 6)
M15 = (1 : 2 : 4)
M20 = (1 : 1.5 : 3)
M25 = (1 : 1 : 2)

Ex. 4.10.16 : Prepare rate analysis of PCC. .W-12, 6 Marks.

Soln. :
Rate analysis of PCC (1 : 2 : 4)
3
Assume volume of PCC = 10 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-23 Rate Analysis

(a) Dry volume = 52% more of wet volume

52
 10 = 15.2 m
3
= 10 +
100
Dry volume
(b) Volume of one part of mixture =
Sum of mix proportion
15.2
= = 2.174
1+2+4

Volume of cement = 2.17  proportion (1)

= 2.174  1 = 2.174
2.174
Number of bags of cement = = 62.5
0.035

Volume of sand = 2.174  Proportion (2)

3
= 4.34 m

Volume of aggregate = 2.174  Proportion (3)

= 2.174  3 = 8.686 m
3

Cost of material for PCC

Sr. No. Particular Quantity Rate Per Amount

1. Cement 62.5 350 Bag 21875

3
2. Sand 4.34 800 m 3472
3
3. Aggregate 8.686 700 m 6080.2

31427.2/-

Cost of Labour

Sr. No. Particular Quantity Rate Per Amount

1. Mason 1 350 Day 350
2. Male mazdoor 10 300 Day 3000
3. Female mazdoor 6 275 Day 1650
4. Bhisti 2 300 Day 600
5. Schaffolding - - - 1000
- - - - - 6600/-
- - - - Total 38027.2/-
- - - - Water charges 1.5% 570.408
- - - - Contractor profit 10% 3802.72
- - - - Gross total 42400.33/-

3 42400.33
Rate per m 10 = 4240/-
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-24 Rate Analysis

Ex. 4.10.17 : Prepare rate analysis for 12 mm thick cement plaster in C.M. (1:4) in super structure. W-18, 8Marks
Soln. :
12
Given : Thickness of plaster = 12 mm = = 0.012 m.
1000

Cement = part and sand = 4 part. Assume area of plaster = 100 sq. m.

Calculation of materials :

Wet volume of mortar = area  thickness of plaster

= 100 sq. m. x 0.012 m.

= 1.20 cu. m.

Add 30 % mortar to fill up joint = ((30/100)  1.2) + 1.2 = 1.56 cu.m.

Dry volume of mortar = 25 % more by total wet volume

= (0.25  1.56) + 1.56

= 1.95 cu. m.

Volume of cement = (dry volume of mortar/sum of cm ratio) x part of cem.

= (1.95 / (1 + 4))  1 = 0.39 cu. m.

Therefore no. of cement bags = volume of cement / vol. of cem. Per bag

= 0.39 / 0.035 = 11.14 say 12 bag.

Volume of sand = (dry volume of mortar/sum of cm ratio)  part of sand.

= (1.95/(1+4))  4 = 1.56 cu. m.

Table for rate analysis for 100 sq. m.

Particulars Quantity Rate per unit Unit of mesurts. Amount (Rs.)

(A) Material :

Cement 12 bag Rs. 350 bag 4200.00

Sand 1.56 cu. m. Rs. 530 Cu. m. 826.80

Scaffolding -- -- Lump. 350.00

Material cost 5376.80

(B) Labour :

Mason 10 nos. Rs. 400 day 4000.00

Male coolie 5 nos. Rs. 300 day 1500.00

Female coolie 5 nos. Rs. 250 day 1250.00

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-25 Rate Analysis

Particulars Quantity Rate per unit Unit of mesurts. Amount (Rs.)

Bhistie 2.5 no. Rs. 200 day 500.00

Labour cost 7250.00

Add material cost 5376.80

Total 12626.80

Add 10 % contractors profit 1262.68

Rate per 100 sq. m. 13889.48

Rate per Sq. m. 138.89

Say Rs.139.00

Ex. 4.10.18 : Prepare the rate analysis for brickwork in superstructure (1:6) proportion. W-18, 8 Marks
Soln.:

1) Calculation of materials: Assume volume of brick masonry = 10 cu.m.

Dryvolumeofmortarconsidering frog fillingand wastage etc.= 35 % ofvolumeof brick masonry.

= (35 / 100)  10 cu. m. = 3.5 cu. m.

Volume of cement = (dry volume of mortar/sum of cm ratio) x part of cem.

= (3.5/(1+6))  1 = 0.5 cu. m.

Therefore no. of cement bags = volume of cement / vol. of cem. Per bag

= 0.5 / 0.035 = 14.29 say 14.50 bags.

Volume of sand = (dry volume of mortar/sum of cm ratio) x part of sand.

= (3.5/(1+6))  6 = 3.0 cu. m.

Number of bricks required :

Size of brick with joint = 20 cm  10 cm 10 cm

Volume of brick = 0.2 m  0.1 m  0.1 m

= 0.002 cu. m. No. of bricks = Volume of masonry / Volume of one brick

= 10 / 0.002 = 5000 Nos.

Total no. of bricks by adding 5 % of wastage = ((5/100) x Nos. of brick) + Nos. of brick

= ((5 / 100 ) x 5000) + 5000 = 5250 Nos.

Table for rate analysis for 10 cu. m.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-26 Rate Analysis

Particulars Quantity Rate per unit Unit of mesurts. Amount (Rs.)

(A) Material :

Cement 14.50 bag Rs. 350.00 bag 5075.00

Sand 3.0 cu. m. Rs. 530.00 Cu. m. 1590.00

Bricks 5250 Nos. Rs. 5.00 No. 26250.00

Scaffolding -- -- Lump. 375.00

Material cost 33290.00

(B) Labour :

Mason 8 nos. Rs. 400 day 3200.00

Male coolie 5 nos. Rs. 300 day 1500.00

Female coolie 3 nos. Rs. 250 day 750.00

Bhistie 3 nos. Rs. 200 day 600.00

Labour cost 6050.00

Add material cost 33290.00

Total 39340.00

Add 1.5 % water charges 590.10

Add 10 % contractors profit 3934.00

Rate per 10 cu. m. 43864.10

Rate per cu. m. 4386.41

Say 4387.00

4.11 MSBTE Questions and Answers

Winter 2014 : Total Marks 16

Q. 1 State necessity of rate analysis. (Section 4.2.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 2 Define :

(i) Task work (Section 4.6.1) (ii) Lead and lift. (Sections 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 ) (4 Marks)

Q. 3 Prepare rate analysis for R. C. C. (1 : 2 : 4). (Ex. 4.10.10) (4 Marks)

Q. 4 Prepare rate analysis of brick work in super structure in c.m. (1 : 6). (Ex. 4.10.11) (4 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-27 Rate Analysis

Summer 2015 : Total Marks 18

Q. 5 Prepare rate analysis for 12 mm thick. Cement plaster in c.m. (1 : 4) in superstructure. (Ex. 4.10.12) (6 Marks)

Q. 6 Define rate analysis and state the factors affecting rate analysis. (Sections 4.2 and 4.3) (6 Marks)

Q. 7 Explain the terms : (i) Lead (ii) Lift (iii) Task work (Sections 4.5.1, 4.5.2 and 4.6.1 ) (6 Marks)

Winter 2015 : Total Marks 22

Q. 8 Explain lead and lift. (Sections 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 ) (4 Marks)

Q. 9 Explain any six factors affecting the rate analysis. (Section 4.3) (6 Marks)

Q. 10 Prepare rate analysis for brick masonry in super-structure using traditional bricks and cement mortar proportion 1 : 6.

(Ex. 4.10.11) (8 Marks)

Q. 11 State any four factors affecting task work. (Section 4.6.1.1) (4 Marks)

Summer 2016 : Total Marks 14

Q. 12 State and explain factors affecting process of rate analysis. (Section 4.3) (4 Marks)
3
Q. 13 Workout quantities of cement, sand and bricks required for 40 m brick masonary in cement
mortar 1 : 6. (Ex. 4.10.8) (6 Marks)

Q. 14 State any four factors affecting task work. (Section 4.6.1.1) (4 Marks)

Winter 16 : Total Marks 16

Q. 15 State and explain four factors affecting rate of an item. (Section 4.3) (8 Marks)

Q. 16 What is task work ? State any three factors affecting task work. (Sections 4.6.1 and 4.6.1.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 17 Describe the procedure for preparing rate analysis. (Section 4.4) (4 Marks)

Summer 17 : Total Marks 19

Q. 18 State factors affecting rate analysis. (Section 4.3) (4 Marks)

Q. 19 Prepare rate analysis for brick work in superstructure in c.m. (1 : 6) proportion. (Ex. 4.10.2) (8 Marks)

Q. 20 Define :

1. Lead and lift 2. Task work (Sections 4.5.1, 4.5.2 and 4.6.1) (2 Marks)

Q. 21 Define rate analysis, state purpose of rate analysis. (Sections 4.2 and 4.2.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 22 Define : Task work (Sections 4.6.1) (1 Marks)

Winter 17 : Total Marks 26

Q. 23 Describe in brief factors affecting on task work. (Section 4.6.1.1) (4 Marks)

3
Q. 24 Workout quantities of cement, sand and bricks required for 40 m brick masonary in cement
mortar 1 : 6. (Ex. 4.10.8) (6 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 4-28 Rate Analysis

Q. 25 Prepare rate analysis for 12 mm thick cement plaster in cm (1:4) in superstructure. (Ex. 4.10.12) (8 Marks)

Q. 26 State importance of rate analysis. (Section 4.2.2) (4 Marks)

Q. 27 State factors affecting rate analysis. (Section 4.3) (4 Marks)

Summer 18 : Total Marks 08

Q. 28 Define ‘Task work’. Enlist any four factors affecting task work. (Sections 4.6.1 and 4.6.1.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 29 Define rate analysis and state the factors affecting rate analysis. (Sections 4.2 and 4.3) (4 Marks)

Winter 18 : Total Marks 34

Q. 30 Define : 1. Lead and lift 2.Task work (Sections 4.5.1, 4.5.2 and 4.6.1) (4 Marks)

Q. 31 Find out the quantities of cement, sand and aggregate for RCC 1 : 2 : 4 work of 25 Cubic m quantity.

(Ex.4.10.7) (6 Marks)

Q. 32 Define rate analysis and state factors affecting rate analysis. Explain importance of rate analysis.
(Sections 4.2 and 4.2.2, 4.3) (8 Marks)

Q. 33 Prepare rate analysis for 12 mm thick cement plaster in C.M. (1:4) in super structure. (Ex.4.10.17) (8 Marks)

Q. 34 Prepare rate analysis for brickwork in super structure (1:6) proportion. (Ex.4.10.18) (8 Marks)



 Estimate for Civil Engineering
5 Works
UNIT V

Syllabus :

5.1 Earthwork : Quantities for roads. Bunds and canal by - Mid sectional area method. mean sectional area method,
Prismoidal formula method and trapezoidal formula method.

5.2 Detailed estimate for septic tank, community well.

5.3 Use of computer / software’s / programmes for detailed estimate Preparation of Civil Engineering works.

5.1 Earthwork

( MSBTE – W-16, S-18)

Q. What are the different methods used for calculation of earthwork quantities for road and canal ? Explain any one.
W -16, S-18.

 Earthwork is very important part of estimate. While constructing canals and roads these calculation are very useful.
3
 Earthwork is measured in m .
 Volume of earthwork is calculated by multiplication of length breadth and depth.
 The earthwork is calculated by different methods.
1. Prismoidal formula.
2. Trapezoidal formula method.
3. Mean-sectional area method.
4. Mid-sectional area method. Fig. 5.1.1 : Different depths at different section

5.1.1 Prismoidal Formula Method ( MSBTE – S-12, W-12, S-17, W-17)

Q. Explain prismoidal formula method. .S-12, W-12, S-17, W-17.

3
Q = Earthwork quantity in m
L = Distance between two sections
= chain age difference.
L
Q = [First area + Last area + 4 ( even areas) + 2 ( odd areas)]
3
Note : It is used only for odd sectional area

5.1.2 Trapezoidal Formula

( MSBTE – W-12)

Q. State three methods of calculation of earth work for road. .W-12.

1
Q = (First area + Last area + 2  Remaining areas)
2
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-2 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

5.1.3 Mean - Sectional Area Methods

( MSBTE – S-12, W-12)

Q. Explain mean sectional area method. .S-12, W-12.

In this method cross-sectional area of two end sections are calculated. After that mean of these area is taken and then
this mean area is multiplied by length.
2
Area of first end A1 = bd1 + nd1
2
Area of last end A2 = bd2 + nd2
A1 + A2
 Mean area (Am) =
2

Q = Am  L

5.1.4 Mid Sectional Area Method

( MSBTE – W-12, S-13)

Q. State three methods of calculation of earth work for road. .W-12, S-13.

In this method mean of Height/depth is taken into consideration and then area is found out.
d1 + d2
dm =
2

where d1 = height/ depth of first section

d2 = height/depth of last section

2
 Area = bdm + ndm

 Q = AL

5.1.5 Solved Examples

Ex. 5.1.1 : Calculate quantity of earthwork using trapezoidal formula. R.L. of the top embankment is 500 and top width is
3 m.
CH 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
RL 498.5 497.5 496 494 493.5 491.75 494 495

CH 80 90 Side slope = 2: 1 and 1 : 5 : 1

RL 497.75 496 Top width = 3m

2 1.5
Soln. : n1 = =2, n2 = ,
1 1
2 + 1.5
nav = = 1.75
2

b = 3m
2
A = bd + nd
 
A1 = 3  1.5  (d = 500 – 498.5 = 2.5)
A1 = 8.4375
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-3 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

A2 = (3 ) + (1.75  2.5 )

2
(d = 500 – 497.5 = 2.5)
= 18.4375
A3 = 3  4 + 1.75  4
2
(d = 500 – 496 = 4)

= 40
A4 = 3 6 + 1.75  6
2
(d = 500 – 494 = 6)

= 81
A5 = 3  6.5 + 1.75  6.5
2
(d = 500 – 493.5 = 6.5)
= 93.4375
A6 = 3  8.25 + 1.75  8.25
2
(d = 500 – 491.75 = 8.25)

= 143.859
A7 = 3  6 + 1.75 6
2
(d = 500 – 494 = 6)

= 81
A8 = 3  5 + 1.75  5
2
(d = 500 – 495 = 5)

= 58.75
A9 = 3  2.5 + 1.75  2.5
2
(d = 500 – 497.5 = 2.5)

= 18.4375
A10 = 3  4 + 1.75 4
2
(d = 500 – 496 = 4)

= 40
Trapezoidal formula,
L
V = (A1 + An + 2  remaining area)
2
10
= (8.4375 + 40 + 2(18.4375 + 40 + 81 + 93.4375 + 143.85a + 81 + 58.75 + 18.4375))
2
3
= 5591.40m

Ex. 5.1.2 : Calculate the quantity of earthwork required for the earthen dam by trapezoidal formula using following Data
Top width of embankment = 3m
RL of top = 105.00 m
Side slope on both side 2H : 1V (S-14 ,6 Marks)

CH 200 230 260 290 320 350

RL of Ground 100 98 97.5 95.2 96 97

Soln. :

CH 200 230 260 290 320 350

RL of Ground 100 98 97.5 95.2 96 97
Depth (FL – GL) 5 7 9.5 9.8 9 8
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-4 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

For d1

Fig. P. 5.1.2

2
A1 = bd1 + nd1

= 3  5 + 2  5 = 65 sqm
2

2
A2 = bd2 + nd2

= 3  7 + 2  7 = 119 sq. m
2

2
A3 = bd3 + nd3

= 3  7.5 + 2  7.5 = 221.48 sq. m

2

2
A5 = bd5 + nd5

= 3  9 + 2  9 = 152 sq. m
2

Q = L/2 first area + last area + 2 ( Remaining area)

= 30 /2 (65 + 152 + 2 (119 + 135 + 221.48 + 189))

3
Q = 23189.4 M

Ex. 5.1.3 : Calculate the quantity of earthwork required for the earthen dam by trapezoidal formula using Following data
Top width of embankment = 2.5 m
RL of top = 103.00 m
Side slope on both side 2H : 1V
CH 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
RL of Ground 101 99 96.5 97.0 98.0 102.0 100.5

Soln. :

CH 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

RL of Ground 101 99 96.5 97.0 98.0 102.0 100.5
Depth (FL-GL) 2 4 6.5 6 5 1 2.5
- d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7
2
A1 = bd1 + nd1

= 2.5  2 + 2  2 = 13 sq. m
2

2
A2 = bd2 + nd2

= 2.5  4 + 2  4 = 42 sq. m
2

2
A3 = bd3 + nd3
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-5 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

= 2.5  6.5 + 2  6.5 = 100.75 sq. m

2

2
A4 = bd4 + nd4

= 2.5  6 + 2  6 = 87 sq. m
2

2
A5 = bd5 + nd5 = 2.5  5 + 2  5
2

= 62.5 sq. m
2
A6 = bd6 + nd6

= 2.5  1 + 2  1 = 4.5 sq. m

2

Q = L /2 (first area +last area + 2 ( Remaining area))

= 30/2 (13 + 18.75 + 2 (42 + 100.75 + 87 + 62.5 + 4.5)

3
Q = 9378.75 M
Prismoidal Formula

Ex. 5.1.4 : Calculate the quantity of earthwork with Top width = 3 m, R.L. of top of embankment = 500 m, side slope U/s =
2H : 1V and D/s = 1.5 H : 1V
Chainage 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
R.L. in (m) 498.50 496.00 493.50 491.75 494.00 495.00 497.75

Use prismoidal formula.

Soln. :

Chainage 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

R.L. 498.50 496.00 493.50 491.75 494.00 495.00 497.75
Depth (FL – GL) 1.5 4.0 6.5 8.25 6 5 2.25
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7

Side slopes are = 1 = 2/1 and 2 = 1.5/1

n1 + n2
n = = 2 + 1.5/2 = 1.75
2
2
A1 = bd1 + nd1

= 3  1.5 + 1.75  1.5 = 8.44 sq. m

2

2
A2 = bd2 + nd1

= 3  4 + 1.75  4 = 40 sq. m
2

2
A3 = bd3 + nd3

= 3  6.5 + 1.75  6.5 = 93.44 sq. m

2

2
A4 = bd4 + nd4
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-6 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

= 3  8.25 + 1.75  8.25

2

= 143.86 sq. m
2
A5 = bd5 + nd5

= 3  6 + 1.75  6 = 81 sq. m
2

2
A6 = bd6 + nd6

= 3  5 + 1.75  5 = 58.75 sq. m

2

2
A7 = bd7 + nd7

= 3  2.25 + 1.75  2.25

2

= 15.61 sq. m

Q = L/3 (first area + last are +

4 ( even area) + 2 ( odd area))

= 30/3 (8.44 + 15.61 + 4 (40 + 143.86 + 58.75) + 2 (93.44 + 81))

3
Q = 13433.7M

Ex. 5.1.5 : Calculate quantity of earthwork for a earthen dam from following data :
Chainage 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

G.RL 99 98 96.5 97.5 99 100 99

Top width of dam – 15 m

Top RC TBL -105 m

Soln. :
Side slops -1 : 1 Use prismoidal formula
Chainage 0 20 40 60 80 100
G. RL. 99 98 96.5 97.5 99 100
Depth (FL – GL) 6 7 9.5 8.5 6 5
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6
2
A1 = bd1 + nd1

= 15  6 + 1  6 = 126 sq. m
2

2
A2 = bd1 + nd2

= 15  7 + 1  7 = 154 sq. m
2

2
A3 = bd3 + nd3

= 15  9.5 + 1  9.5 = 232.75 sq. m

2

2
A4 = bd4 + nd4
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-7 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

= 15  8.5 + 1  8.5 = 199.75 sq. m

2

2
A5 = bd5 + nd5

= 15  6 + 1  6 = 126 sq. m
2

2
A6 = bd6 + nd6

= 15  5 + 1  5 = 100 sq. m
2

Q = L /3 (first area + last area + 4 ( even area) + 2 ( odd area))

L
= (A1 + A7 + 4 ( A2 + A2 + 6) + 2 (A3 + A5))
3
20
= [(126 + 126 + 4 (154 + 199.75) + 2 (232.75 + 126)]
3
20
= [252 + 1415 + 400 + 717.5]
3
2784.5  20 55690
= =
3 3
3
Q = 18563.33 m
Examples on mean area method and mid sectional area method
In Mean area method-area mean is taken
2 2
Chainage Depth Bd Nd Bd + nd Am Length Q = VOLUME

Cutting banking

In Mid sectional area method depth mean is taken

2 2
Chainage Depth dm Bdm ndm Bd +nd Length Q = VOLUME

Cutting banking

Ex. 5.1.6 : Calculate the quantity of earthwork for road from the following data by using mean area method :
Formation width = 10 m
Slope of banking = 2 : 1
Slope in cutting = 1.5 : 1 W-13, S-14 , 6 Marks.
Chainage 0 50 100 150
GL 498 497.90 497.10 496.40
Formation Level 496.50 496.00 495.50 495.00

Soln. :

Chainage 0 50 100 150

GL 498 497.90 497.10 496.40
Formation Level 496.50 496.00 495.50 495.00
Depth (FL – GL ) – 1.5 – 1.9 – 1.6 – 1.4
d1 d2 d3 d4
Here depth value is minus that means formation level is always below ground level.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-8 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

2 2
Chainage Depth Bd nd Bd + nd Am Length Q = VOLUME

Cutting Banking

0 1.5 15 3.375 18.375

50 1.9 19 5.415 24.415 21.395 50 1069.75
100 1.6 16 3.84 19.84 22.1275 50 1106.375
150 1.4 14 2.94 16.94 18.39 50 919.5
3095.625

Ex. 5.1.7 : The formation level of a road at starting point is 470.00 m. The road surface shall be falling gradient line of 1
to 60. Formation width of the road is 12 m, side slope 1 ; 2 in embankment and 1 : 1.5 in cutting :
Assume there is no cross slope to the ground

CH 0 30 60 90 120 150

RL OF GL 466.5 467.20 468.10 468.20 469.70 469

Clculate the quantity of earth work for road using mean area method. W-14, S-18 , 8 Marks

Soln. :
Formation level of chainage = F. L. of previous chainage  (gradient  chainage difference)
(+ for falling gradient / – for rising gradient)
1
 for CH. 30 F.L. = 470 –  30 = 469.5
60
Using this formula we get
CH 0 30 60 90 120 150
RL OF GL 466.5 467.20 468.10 468.20 469.70 469
F.L. 470 469.5 469 468.5 468 467.5
Depth (FL – GL) 3.5 2.3 0.9 0.3 – 1.7 – 1.5

Minus sign indicates cutting section

In between 90 and 120 chainage there is difference in sign i.e. from banking the section is converted into cutting
We need to find out point where F.L. and G.L. Matches with each other i.e. point of zero depth. Here in between CH 90
to CH 120 depth changes from + Ve to – Ve By similar triangle

Fig. P. 5.1.7
0.3 1.7
=
x 30 – x

 1.7 x = (0.3) (30 – x)

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-9 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

 1.7 x = 9 – 0.3 x

 2.0 x = 9

 x = 4.5
2 2
Chainage depth Bd nd Bd + nd Am Length Q Volume

Cutting Banking
0 3.5 42 24.5 66.5
30 2.3 27.6 10.58 38.18 52.34 30 1570.2
60 0.9 10.8 1.62 12.42 25.3 30 759
90 0.3 3.6 0.18 3.78 8.1 30 243
94.5 0 0 0 1.89 4.5 8.505
120 – 1.7 20.4 4.335 24.735 12.3675 25.5 315.3713
150 – 1.5 18 3.375 21.375 23.055 30 691.65
3 3
1007.021 m 2580.705 m

Ex. 5.1.8 : Calculate the quantities of earthwork in cutting and in banking for a portion of road with following data.
1. Formation width of ROAD is 12 m
2. Formation level of starting chainage is 51.40 m
3. The road surface shall be given a falling gradient of 1 in 200
4. Side slope are 1V : 2H in banking and 1V : 1.5 H in cutting
Chainage 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

G.L. 50.80 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51.00

Use mean area method.

Soln. :

FL = FL of previous chainage (gradient  chainage difference)

1
= 50.80 –  30 = 51.25
200
CH 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

RL of GL 50.80 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51

F.L. 51.4 51.25 51.10 50.95 50.8 50.65 50.50

Depth (FL – GL) 0.6 0.65 0.4 – 0.25 – 0.6 – 0.65 – 0.5

By mean area method

2 2
Chainage Depth Bd nd Bd +nd Am Length Q = VOLUME

Cutting Banking

0 0.6 7.2 0.720 7.920

30 0.65 7.8 0.845 8.645 8.283 30 248.475

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-10 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

2 2
Chainage Depth Bd nd Bd +nd Am Length Q = VOLUME

60 0.4 4.8 0.320 5.120 6.883 30 206.475

78.46 0 0 0.000 0.000 2.560 18.46 47.258

90 0.25 3 0.094 3.094 1.547 11.54 17.851

120 0.6 7.2 0.540 7.740 5.417 30 162.506

150 0.65 7.8 0.634 8.434 8.087 30 242.606

180 0.5 6 0.375 6.375 7.404 30 222.131

645.095 502.208

(Note depth at CH 60 and CH 90 changes from + Ve to – Ve)

x 30 – x
=
0.4 0.25

0.25 x = 0.4 (30 – x)

0.25 x = 12 – 0.4 x Fig. P. 5.1.8

0.65 x = 12
12
 x = = 18.46 m
0.65
By MID Sectional area method
2 2
Chainage Depth dm bdm ndm Bdm + ndm Length Q = VOLUME
3 3
Cutting M Banking M

0 0.6

30 0.65 0.625 7.5 0.781 8.281 30 248.438

60 0.4 0.525 6.3 0.551 6.851 30 205.538

78.46 0 0.2 2.4 0.080 2.480 18.46 45.781

90 0.25 0.125 1.5 0.023 1.523 11.54 17.580

120 0.6 0.425 5.1 0.271 5.371 30 161.128

150 0.65 0.625 7.5 0.586 8.086 30 242.578

180 05 0.575 6.9 0.496 7.396 30 221.878

643.165 499.756

Ex. 5.1.9 : Find quantity of earthwork in embankment and in cutting for following section
1. Formation width 10 m
2. Formation level of starting chainage 497 m
1
3. Falling gradient 60
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-11 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

4. Side slopes
For embankment 2 : 1 (H : V)
For cutting 1.5 : 1(H : V)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
500 498 497 495 494 493 492.5 491.5 491 493 495

Soln. : MID section area method

C.H. F.L. G.L. D Dm n Area bdm L Volume cutting Filling

2
+ ndm
0 497 500 –3 2.25 1.5 30.09 30 902.7 –
30 496.5 498 – 1.5 1.25 1.5 14.84 30 445.2 –
60 496 497 –1 0.5 1.5 5.375 20 107.5 –
80 0
90 495.5 495 0.5 0.25 2 2.625 10 – 26.25
120 495 494 1 0.75 2 8.625 30 – 258.75
150 494 493 1 1 2 12 30 – 360
180 493.5 492.5 1 1 2 12 30 – 360
210 493.0 491.5 2 1.5 2 19.5 30 – 585
240 492 491 1 1.5 2 19.5 30 – 585
270 494 493 1 1 2 12 30 – 360
300 496 495 1 1 2 12 30 – 360
1455.4 2895
x 30 – x
= 0.5x = 30 – x CH = 60 + 20 = 80
1 0.5
 1.5 x = 30
30
 x = = 20
1.5

Fig. P. 5.1.9 (a)

Mean section area method

CH FL GL D N Area Mean Area L Volume Filling

ba + nd
2
ba + nd
2 Cutting

0 497 500 –3 1.5 43.5 30.937 30 928.11 –

30 496.5 498 – 1.5 1.5 18.375 14.937 30 448.11 –
60 496 497 –1 11.5 11.5 5.75 20 115 –
80 . 0 1.5 0 0
90 495.5 495 0.5 2 5.5 2.75 10 – 27.5
120 495 494 1 2 12 8.75 30 – 262.5
150 494 493 1 2 12 12 30 – 360
180 493.5 492.5 1 2 12 12 30 – 360
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-12 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

CH FL GL D N Area Mean Area L Volume Filling

ba + nd
2
ba + nd
2 Cutting

210 493 491.5 2 2 28 20 30 – 600

240 492 491 1 2 12 20 30 – 600
270 494 493 1 2 12 12 30 – 360
300 496 495 1 2 12 12 30 – 360

1491.22 2930
x 30.x
= – 0.5x = 30 – x
1 0.5
30
x = = 20
1.5
CH = 60 + 20 = 80
Fig. P. 5.1.9 (b)

Ex. 5.1.10 : Calculate the quantities of earthwork in cutting and in banking for a portion of road with following data.
1. Formation width of road is 12 m
2. Formation level of starting chainage is 51.50 m
3. The road surface shall be given a falling gradient of 1 in 200
4. Side slope are 1V : 2H in banking and 1V : 1.5 H in cutting

Chainage 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

G.L. in m 50.80 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51.00

Use mid sectional area method. W-14, 6 Marks

Soln. :

Fig. P. 5.1.10

Formation width of road = 12 m side slopes 1V : 2H is banking and 1V : 1.5 H is cutting.

Formation level of starting chainage = 51.50 m
1
1. Formation level at chainage 30 = F. L. of –  chainage difference
gradient
1
= 51.50 –  30 = 51.35 m
200
1
2. Formation level at chainage 60 = 51.35 –  30 = 51.20 m
200
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-13 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

1
3. Formation level at chainage 90 = 51.20 –  30 = 51.05 m
200
1
4. Formation level at chainage 120 = 51.05 –  30 = 51.90 m
200
1
5. Formation level at chainage 150 = 50.90 –  30
200
= 50.75 m
1
6. Formation level at chainage 180 = 50.75 –  30
200
= 50.60 m
To calculate the value of ‘x’
x 30 – x
=
0.5 0.15
 0.15 x = 0.5 (30 – x)
 0.15 x = 15 – 0.5 x
 0.15 x + 0.5 = 15 Fig. P.5.1.10(a)

0.65 x = 15
15
x =
0.65
x = 23.1 m from chainage 60

 At chainage 60 + 23.1 = 83.1 m formation level and ground level are same.
2
Chainage F. L. G. L. Depth Mean B η  dm A = Bdm + Length Quantity
2
(d) depth (dm) dm Sc = 1.5 η dm =AL
Sr = 2
Banking Cutting
0 51.50 50.80 0.7
0.725 8.7 1.0512 9.7512 30 292.536
30 51.35 50.60 0.75
0.625 7.5 0.781 8.281 30 248.43
60 51.20 50.70 0.5
0.25 3 0.125 3.125 23.1 72.12
83.1 00 00 0
0.075 0.9 0.00843 0.9084 6.9 6.27
90 51.05 51.20 – 0.15
0.325 3.9 0.158 4.058 30 121.74
120 50.90 51.40 – 0.5
0.525 6.3 0.4056 6.7056 30 201.16
8
150 50.75 51.30 – 0.55
0.95 11.4 1.354 12.754 30 382.62
180 50.60 51.0 – 0.4
613.086 711.79
3 3
m 8m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-14 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Ex. 5.1.11 : Work out quantities of earth work for a section of road as given in table
Chainage in (m) 0 30 60 90 120 150

G. L 110 109 109.7 108.7 109.8 109.8

Formation level at 0 m chainage = 110.00 m S-12, 6 Marks

Soln. :

As width & side slopes are not given we assume

Width = 10 m ; Side slope = 2:1 ; Therefore n = 2
2 2
Chainage Depth dm bdm ndm Bdm + ndm Length Q = VOLUME
3 3
Cutting M Banking M

0 0

30 1 0.5 5 0.5 5.5 30 165

60 0.3 0.65 6.5 0.845 7.345 30 220.35

90 1.3 0.8 8 1.28 9.28 30 278.4

120 0.2 0.75 7.5 1.125 8.625 30 258.75

150 0.2 0.2 2 0.08 2.08 30 62.4

3
Total 984.9M

Quantity of earthwork = 984.9 M3

Ex. 5.1.12 : Calculate quantity of earthwork of road following data

Distance m 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

GL m 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51.00 50.60

Formation width = 12 m. Formation RL is 51.20 having falling gradient 1 in 40, side slope : 2 : 1

(W-12, S-16 4, marks)

Soln. :
1
F:L 200 chainage = 51.2 –  40 = 50.2
40

 = Amx
2

2 2
Chainage Depth B.a Hd A = Bd + nd Am Length Embankment Cutting

160 0.6 6 0.72 6.72 6.11 40 244.4

200 0.5 5 0.5 5.5 2.75 8 22.0

208 0 0 0 0 2.75 32 448

240 2 20 8 2.8 14 40 1608

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-15 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

2 2
Chainage Depth B.a Hd A = Bd + nd Am Length Embankment Cutting

280 3.2 32 20.48 52.48 40.2 40 2542

320 4.1 41 33.62 74.62 63.55 40 3372

360 4.8 48 46 94 84.31 40 4126.4

400 5.4 54 58.32 112.32 103.16 40

266.4 12096.04

Point for zero depth.

x 40 – x
=
0.5 2

x = 8 Fig. P. 5.1.12

Ex. 5.1.13 : Calculate quantity of earth work from following data:

i. Formation level of starting chainage = 107 ii. Formation width of road = 10 m.

iii. Down gradient of road = 1 in 150 iv. Side slope = 2 H : 1 V

Chainage m 300 330 360 390 420

Ground level m 105 105.6 105.4 105.9 105.45

W-18, 8Marks

Soln.: Given data :

Formation width of Road = b = 10 m. Formation level of starting change
= 107 Gradient 1V : 150 H
Side slope 2 : 1 for cutting as well as banking i.e. s = 2
First of all, the longitudinal section of the proposed road is to be drawn from the given data:
Down gradient of road is 1 : 150 so for 150 m = 1 m
for 120 m = x
by cross multiplying, we get
150 x = 120 * 1
x = 120/150 = 0.8 m
Therefore formation level of First chainage = 107
so, formation level of last chainage (i.e.420) = 107 m – 0.8 m = 106.20 m
Therefore for fall each chainage = Total fall / no. of remaining chainage
= 0.8/4 = 0.2 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-16 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig. P.5.1.13

Mid-sectional area method :

Earthwork Calculation
b = 10 m, s = 2 for cutting as well as filling

Chain age Height Mean Ht. Central Area Area of side Total Area Length in Quantity of
(m) (m) (h) (bh) parts sh2 (bh+sh2) (m2) meter (L) earthwork (bh+sh2) x
(m) (m2) (m2) L (m3)

Filling Cutting

300 2.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

330 1.20 1.60 16.00 5.12 21.12 30 633.60 --

360 1.20 1.20 12.00 2.88 14.88 30 446.40 --

390 0.50 0.85 8.50 1.45 9.95 30 298.50 --

420 0.75 0.625 6.25 0.78 7.03 30 210.90 --

total 1589.40 --

Mean-Sectional area method :

Earthwork Calculation
b = 10 m, s = 2 for cutting as well as filling
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-17 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Quantity of earthwork
Chain age (m) Height (h) Area (b + sh)h (m2) Mean area A (m2) Length in meter (L) (A  L)
(m) (m3)

Filling Cutting

300 2.00 28.00 -- -- -- --

330 1.20 14.88 21.44 30 643.20 --

360 1.20 14.88 14.88 30 446.40 --

390 0.50 5.50 10.19 30 305.70 --

420 0.75 8.62 7.06 30 211.80 --

total 1607.10 --

5.2 Detailed Estimate for Septic Tank

While preparing details estimate of some of the civil engineering structures such as septic tank, community well, RCC
slab culvert the knowledge of various items is necessary.

5.2.1 Septic Tank

 It is nothing but a underground tank which is constructed to dispose waste from W.C. and waste from individual
houses.
 These tanks are constructed where municipal co-operation sewage system is not available.
Community well
 The wells which are constructed for drinking water purpose or for irrigation purpose are called community well.
Culvert
 It is small bridge structure of smaller span. Generally it about 5 m to 6 m.
 These culverts are used for carrying natural water of canal and nala from one side of the embankment of the road to
another side.
 These culverts are single span.

5.2.2 Solved Examples

Ex. 5.2.1 : Workout the quantity of following items for specific tank having internal size 1.8 m  4.2 m and height 1.6 m.
The top of slab of septic tank is 20 cm above G.L.
(i) Earth work in excavation
(ii) P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) – (15 cm thick)
(iii) B.B. Masonry in cm. (1 : 6) proportion (300 cm thick)
(iv) R.C.C. slab (1 : 2 : 4) on septic tank 12 cm thick. (W-14, S-17 ,8 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-18 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig. P. 5.2.1
Soln. :

Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

1. Earth work in excavation

3
L = 4.2 + 0.3 + 0.3 1 4.8 2.4 1.75 20.16 20.16 m
= 4.8
B = 1.8 + 0.3 + 0.3
= 2.4
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 4.8 2.4 0.15 1.728 1.728 m
3. BBM foundation
LW = 4.5 + 0.3 2 4.8 0.30 1.6 4.608
= 4.8
SW = 2.1 – 0.3 2 1.8 0.30 1.6 1.728
= 1.8
3
6.336 m
3
4. Slab 1 4.8 2.4 0.12 1.382 1.382 m

Ex. 5.2.2 : Workout the quantity of following items for septic tank having internal size 1.2 m  2.9 m and height 1.5m.
Assume suitable data :
(i) Earth work in excavation
(ii) P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6)
(iii) BBM in foundation in CM 1 : 6 (230 mm thick)
(iv) M15-slab on septic tank.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-19 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig. P. 5.2.2

Soln. :

Sr. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

No.

1. Earth work in excavation

3
L = 2.9 + 0.23 + 0.23 1 3.36 1.66 1.65 10.024 10.024 m
= 3.36
B = 1.2 + 0.23 + 0.23
= 1.66
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 3.36 1.66 0.15 0.84 0.84 m

3. BBM foundation

LW = 3.13 + 0.23 = 3.36 2 3.36 0.23 1.5 2.23

SW = 1.43 – 0.23 = 1.2 2 1.20 0.23 1.5 0.83

3
3.06 m
3
4. Slab 1 3.36 1.66 0.1 0.56 0.561 m

Ex. 5.2.3 : Workout the quantity the of following items for septic tank having internal size 1.4 m  3.2 m and height 1.4 m.
The top of slab of septic tank is 15 cm above G.L.
(i) Earth work in excavation. (ii) P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 15cm thick.
(iii) B.B. Masonry in cement mortar (1 : 6) (300 mm thick). (iv) M15 slab on septic tank 12 cm thick.

Fig. P. 5.2.3
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-20 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Soln. :
Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity
1. Earth work in excavation
3
L = 3.2 + 0.3 + 0.3 1 3.8 2.0 1.55 11.78 11.78 m

= 3.8
B = 1.4 + 0.3 + 0.3
= 2.0
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 3.8 2.0 0.15 1.14 1.14 m

3. BBM foundation
LW = 3.5 + 0.3 2 3.8 0.3 1.4 3.192
= 3.8
SW = 1.7 – 0.3 2 1.2 0.3 1.4 1.008
= 1.4
3
4.2 m
3
4. Slab 1 3.8 2.0 0.12 1.824 1.824 m

Ex. 5.2.4 : Fig. P. 5.2.4 shows septic tank c/s.

Calculate quantity of :

(i) Excavation (ii) Brick masonry (iii) PCC 1: 4 : 8 .S-14, 6 Marks.

Fig. P. 5.2.4

Soln. :

Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

1. Earth work in excavation

3
L = 5 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.1 1 5.8 3.8 3.2 70.528 70.528 m
= 5.8
B = 3.0 + 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.2
= 3.8
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 5.8 3.8 0.20 4.408 4.408 m

3. BBM foundation
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-21 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

LW = 5.3 + 0.30 = 5.6 2 5.6 0.3 3 10.08

SW = 3.3 – 0.3 = 3.0 2 3.0 0.3 3 5.4

3
15.48 m
3
Slab 1 5.8 3.8 0.15 3.306 3.306 m

Ex. 5.2.5 : Refer Fig. P. 5.2.5 and calculate quantities of the following in respect of ground water tank :
(i) Excavation for foundation.
(ii) P.C.C. 1 : 4 : 8.
(iii) B.B. Masonry in C.M. 1 : 6.
(iv) Internal cement plaster in C.M. 1 : 4.

Fig. P. 5.2.5

Soln. :

Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

1. Earth work in excavation

3
L = 2.5 + 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 3.36 1 3.36 2.36 1.5 11.894 11.894 m
B = 1.5 + 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 2.36
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 3.36 2.36 0.2 1.586 1.586 m

3. BBM foundation
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-22 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

LW = 2.73 + 0.23 = 2.96 2 2.96 0.23 1.7 2.315

SW = 1.73 – 0.23 = 1.5 2 1.50 0.23 1.7 1.173

3
3.488 m
3
Slab 1 3.36 2.36 0.2 1.586 1.586 m

4. Internal plaster 2 2.5 1.7 8.5

2 1.5 1.7 5.1

2
13.6 m

Ex. 5.2.6 : Find quantity of excavation PCC and BBM for an underground tank shown in Fig. P. 5.2.6. (W-12 ,6 Marks)

Fig. P. 5.2.6

Soln. :
Sr. No. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

1. Earth work in excavation

3
L = 6 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 1 6.8 3.7 2.2 55.352 55.352 m
= 6.8
B = 3.3 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 3.7
3
2. P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) 1 6.8 3.7 0.20 5.032 5.032 m

3. BBM foundation

LW = 6.2 + 0.2 = 6.4 2 6.4 0.2 2 5.12

SW = 3.7 – 0.2 = 3.5 2 3.5 0.2 2 2.80

3
7.92 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-23 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Ex. 5.2.7 : Find quantity of Items of Work for Construction of Septic Tank.
st nd
(1) Excavation (2) PCC 3) Brick work (1 class) (4) Brick work 2 class (5) Slab on septic tank. S-15 ,8 Marks.

Fig. P. 5.2.7
Soln. :

Sr. No. Particulars No L B H Quantity Total Quantity

1 Earth work in excavation

Height = 140 + 30 + 20 + 5 1 2.8 1.7 1.95 9.28

= 195 cm = 1.95 m

2 Cement concrete 1 2.8 1.7 0.2 0.95

(PCC 1 : 3 : 6)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-24 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. No. Particulars No L B H Quantity Total Quantity

Sloping floor 1 2.0 0.9 0.05 0.09

10
Thickness = 2 = 5 cm

3
1.04 m

3. First class brickwork in C.M. (1 : 4)

Long Wall

First step 2 2.6 0.3 0.6 0.94

Second step 2 2.4 0.2 1.15 1.10

Short wall

First step 2 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.32

Second step 2 0.9 0.20 1.15 0.42

3
2.78 m

4. Slab on septic tank 1 2.4 1.3 0.075

3
(Slab thickness 7.5 cm) 0.234 m

Ex. 5.2.8 : Paper estimate for septic tank with soak pit.

Fig. P. 5.2.8(a) : Section of septic tank Fig. P. 5.2.8(b) : Septic tank

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-25 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig. 5.2.8(c) : Plan of soak pit

SEPTIC TANK UPTO 25 USERS

DETAILS OF MESUREMENT AND CALCUALTION OF QUANTITIES

Soln. :

Detail estimate of septic tank with soak pit

Sr. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total
No. Quantity
1. Earth work in excavation
Excavation in soft murum with all leads and lift etc complete
Septic tank 1 3 1.9 1.95 11.115
for soak pit upto 1 3.2 3.00 9.42
3.0 m depth

 2 = 3.2
2
4
Soak pit lower portion
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-26 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total

No. Quantity
 1 1.54 0.2 0.3
 1.4 = 1.54
2
4
3
20.835 m
2. P.C.C. Bed
P.C.C. bed in C.C.
1 : 3 : 6 providing and laying compacting curing etc complete
Floor and foundation sloping floor 1 3 1.9 0.2 1.14
Average depth 1 3 0.9 0.05 0.135
100
= = 50 mm
2
= 0.05 m
3
1.275 m
3. First class brickwork in 1 : 6 cement mortar in septic tank with curing
etc. complete.
Long wall
First step 2 2.6 0.3 0.6 0.94
Second step 2 2.4 0.2 1.15 1.10
Short wall
First step 2 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.94
Second step 2 0.9 0.2 1.15 0.42
3
3.40 m
4. Second class brick work in C.C.
1 : 6 in soak pit upper portion
  1.2 = 3.77 1 3.77 0.2 0.5 0.38
Lower portion
  1.2 = 3.77 1 3.77 0.2 0.25 0.15
3
0.53 m
5. Second class dry brickwork in soak pit
  1.2 = 3.77
3
1 3.77 0.2 2.5 1.88 1.88 m
6. Precast R.C.C. work finished smooth including steel reinforcement 1 2.4 1.3 0.057 0.234
roof cover slab on septic tank
Roof cover slab on soak pit
 1 1.54 0.075 0.115
 1.4 = 1.54
2
4
Baffle wall in septic tank 1 1 0.04 0.45 0.018
3
0.367 m
7. 12 mm thick cement plaster
2 2 1.7 6.8
2
2 0.9 1.7 3.06 9.86 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-27 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Particulars No L B D/H Quantity Total

No. Quantity
2
8. 20 mm thick cement plaster on floor 1 2 0.9 1.8 1.8 m
9. 50 mm size brick aggregate
outer side soak-pit
  1.55 = 4.86 1 4.86 0.15 2.5 1.84
At bottom of soak pit
/4  1.10 = 1.21
2
1 1.21 – 0.2 0.16
3
2.0 m
10. Outer course sand
 1.85 = 5.81
3
1 5.81 0.15 2.5 2.18 2.18 m
11. Iron foot steps 4 4 Nos.
12. 100 mm diameter S.W. pipe laying and jointing with 1 : 3 cement
mortar complete
Inlet end from latrine to septic tank 1 3 3.0
outer end from septic tank to soak pit 1 3.3 3.30
6.30 Rm
13. S.W. tee 100 mm diameter with one leg of 40 cm 1 1 No.
14. S W Bend 100 mm diameter 1 1 No.
15. 50 mm diameter C.I. ventilating pipe 1 2 2 Rm
16. 50 mm diameter C.I. Cowl at top of ventilating pipe 1 1 No.

Abstract sheet
Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount
3 3
1. Earth work in excavation 20.835 m 138 m 2875.23
3 3
2. Cement concrete 1 : 3 : 6 in foundation and floor 1.275 m 925 m 1179.38
3 3
3. First class brickwork 2.78 m 4761 m 13235.58
3 3
4. Second class brickwork 0.53 m 4551 m 2412.03
3 3
5. Second class dry-brickwork 1.88 m 180 m 338.4
3 3
6. Precast RCC work 0.367 m 900 m 330.3
3 2
7. 12 mm cement plaster 9.86 m 124.0 m 1222.64
2 2
8. 20 mm cement plaster 1.8 m 221 m 397.80
3 3
9. 50 mm brick aggregate 2.0 m 150 m 300.00
3 3
10. Coarse sand outer 2.18 m 110 m 239.80
11. Iron foot step 4 No 40 No 160
12. 100 mm diameter S.W. pipe 6.3 M 45 M 283.50
13. S.W. Tee 1 No 25 No 25.00
14. S.W. Bend 1 No 55 No 55.00
15. 50 mm diameter C.I. pipe 2 m 15 mm 30.00
16. 50 diameter C.I. cowl 1 No 30 No 30.00
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-28 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Total = 22974.16

Add 5% (contingencies and work charge establishment = 1148.71)

Grand total = 24122.87

Total cost of septic tank with soak pit = 24123 /-

Ex. 5.2.9 : Work out the quantity of following items for septic tank (size 2 m x 4 m) and height 1.45 m. The top of slab of
septic tank is 20 cm above GL.

i. Earth work in excavation ii. P.C.C. (15 cm thick) at bottom.

iii. B.B. Masonry (250 mm thick) iv. R.C.C. slab at top (15 cm thick) W-18, 8 Marks
Soln. : Assume baffle wall of 0.15 m thick and 15 cm offset is provided for P.C.C. on all sides of Septic Tank.
First of all , draw the plan and sectional elevation of Septic tank from the given data

Fig.P.5.2.9

Calculations for Quantity :

Qty. of Excavation and concrete is calculated in Table below :

Sr. Length width depth

No. Item of work Nos. OR Area / thk. Quantity

(i) Earthwork in excavation

1 i) up to 1.5 m depth 1 4.80 m 2.80 m 1.5 m 20.16 cu. m.

2 ii) 1.5m to 3.0 m depth 1 4.80 m 2.80 m 0.1 m 1.34 cu. m.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-29 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Length width depth

No. Item of work Nos. OR Area / thk. Quantity

TOTAL EARTHWORK IN EXCAVATION 21.50 cu. m.

(ii) P.C.C. at bottom (15 cm thick)

PCC at BED 1 4.80 m 2.80 m 0.15 m 2.02 cu. m.

Total quantity of PCC at bottom 2.02 cu. m.

(iii) B.B. Masonry (250 mm thick)

1 Long wall = 4+0.25+0.25 = 4.5 m. length 2 4.50 m 0.25 m 1.5 m 3.38 cu. m.

2 Short wall = 2.0 m length 2 2.00 m 0.25 m 1.5 m 1.50 cu. m.

3 Baffle wall = 2.0 m length 1 2.00 m 0.15 m 1.2 m 0.45 cu. m.

Total quantity of B.B. masonry 5.33 cu. m.

(iv) R.C.C. Slab at top (15 cm thick)

1 RCC slab 1 4.50 m 2.50 m 0.15 m 1.69 cu. m.

1 Quantity of steel in RCC Slab 1 Qty. of Conc. X Rate of steel per cu. m of conc. 101.40 Kg.
= 1.69 cu. m.  60 Kg/cu.m.

(Note : As i) size of tank is not getting clear ii) baffle wall (size, thickness) is not given. In the problem itself. The student can assume the
data as per their own understanding hence assessment can be done by considering changes in assumptions made for above points for each
students)

5.3 Community Well

The wells which are constructed for drinking water purpose or for irrigation purpose are called community well.
Various items required for community well :
1. Excavation 2. UCR masonry
3. RCC ring beam 4. Coping
5. Cement pointing 6. Flooring 7. Water wheels.

5.3.1 Solved Examples

Ex. 5.3.1 : (a) Calculate the quantity of excavation and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item of
work for community well shown in Fig. P. 5.3.1.
(b) Calculate the quantity of brickwork and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item of
work for community well shown in Fig. P. 5.3.1.
(c) Calculate the quantity of Shahabad flooring and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of
item of work for community well shown in Fig. P. 5.3.1.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-30 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig P. 5.3.1

Soln. :

Sr. Particulars No L D Qty. Total Qty.

No.
1. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 1.5 61.080 61.08
2
1.5 m Below ground level upto 1.5 m 7.2
2 Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 1.5 61.080
2
1.5 m Below ground level from 1.5 m to 3 m 7.2
3
3. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 0.2 8.144 130.304 m
2
1.5 m Below ground level from 3.0 m 7.2
to 3.3 m
4. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30 m and 1 A = /4 1.5 61.080
2
lift 1.5 m Below ground level from 3.2 m 7.2
to 4.7 m
3
5. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30 m and 1 A = /4 1.3 52.936 114.016 m
2
lift 1.5 m Below ground level from 4.7 m to 7.2
6.0 m
6. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 1.5 61.080
2
1.5 m Below ground level from 6.0 m to 7.2
7.5 m.
7. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 1.5 61.080
2
1.5 m Below ground level from 7.5 m to 9.0 7.2
m.
3
8. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 0.4 16.288 138.448 m
2
1.5 m Below ground level from 9.0 to 9.4 m 7.2
2 2
9. Brickwork in soft soil for 0.30 m wide upto 1 A = /4 (6.8 ) – /4 (6.2 ) 6.127 3.2 19.606
3.2 m depth
2 2
10. Brickwork in hard murum for 0.4 m wide 1 A = /4 (7.0 ) – /4 (6.2 ) 8.295 2.8 23.226
from 3.2 m to 6.0 m depth
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-31 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Particulars No L D Qty. Total Qty.

No.
2 2
11. Brickwork in hard rock for 0.5 m wide from 1 A = /4 (7.2 ) – /4 (6.2 ) 10.526 3.4 35.787
6.0 m to 9.4 m depth
3
78.619 m
2 2
12. Shahbad flooring 2.2m wide 1 A = /4 (10.8 ) – /4 (6.8 ) 55.299 –
External Diameter
= 6.2 + 0.30 + 0.30 + 2.0 + 2.0 = 10.8 m
Internal diameter
= 6.2 + 0.30 + 0.30 = 6.8 m
2
55.299 m

Ex. 5.3.2 : (a) Calculate the quantity of excavation and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item
of work for community well as shown in Fig. P. 5.3.2.

(b) Calculate the quantity of brickwork and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item
of work for community well as shown in Fig. P. 5.3.2.

(c) Calculate the quantity of standard flooring and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description
of item of work for community well as shown in Fig. P. 5.3.2. -W-14 ,12 Marks

Fig. P. 5.3.2

Soln. :

Sr. Particulars No Area D/H Quantity Total

No. Quantity
2
1. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
Below ground level upto 1.5 m
2
2. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
Below ground level from 1.5 m to 3 m
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-32 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Particulars No Area D/H Quantity Total

No. Quantity
2
3. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 0.3 14.705
Below ground level from 3.0 m to 3.3 m.
2
4. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
1.5 m Below ground level from 3.3 m to 4.8 m
2
5. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
1.5 m Below ground level from 4.8 m to 6.3 m
2
6. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30 m and lift 1 A = /4 7.9 7.4 19.607
1.5 m Below ground level from 6.3 m to 6.7 m.
2
7. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
Below ground level from 6.7 m to 8.2 m.
2
8. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 1.5 73.525
Below ground level from 8.2 m to 9.7 m
2
9. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30 m and lift 1.5 m 1 A = /4 7.9 7.4 34.312
Below ground level from 9.7 m to 10.4 m.

509.774 m3

 2  2
10. Brickwork in soft soil for 0.35m wide upto 3.3 m 1 A =  4 7.3 – 4 6.6  3.3 25.219
 
depth
= 7.642

11. Brickwork in hard murum for 0.5 m wide from 3.3m 1 A=   7.62 –  6.62 3.4 37.920
4 4 
to 6.7m depth.
= 11.153
 2  2
12. Brickwork in hard rock for 0.65 m wide from 6.7m 1 A =  4 7.9 – 4 6.6  3.7 54.777
 
to 10.4 m depth.
= 14.805

117.916 m3

13. Shahabad flooring 2.2 m wide 1 – –

 2 
External Diameter A =  4 11.7 – 4 7.3 
2
 
= 6.6 + 0.35 + 0.35 + 2.2 + 2.2
= 65.659
= 11.7m

14. Internal Diameter

= 6.6 + 0.35 + 0.35 = 7.3 m

65.659 m3
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-33 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Ex. 5.3.3 : Prepare estimate for community well. .S-15, S-17, 8 Marks

Fig. P. 5.3.3

Soln. :

Sr. Particulars No Area D/H Qty Total

No. Qty
A = /4 9.6
2
1. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30m and lift 1.5 m 1 1.5 108.57
Below ground level upto 1.5m
A = /4 9.6
2
2. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30m and lift 1.5 m 1 1.5 108.57
Below ground level from 1.5m to 3m
A = /4 9.6
2
3. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30m and lift 1 1.5 108.57
1.5 m Below ground level from 3.0m to 4.5m
A = /4 9.6
2
4. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30m and lift 1 1.5 108.57
1.5 m Below ground level from 4.5m to 6.0m
A = /4 9.6
2
5. Excavation in soft rock for lead 30m and lift 1.5 m 1 1.5 108.57
Below ground level from 6.0m to 7.5m
A = /4 9.6
2
6. Excavation in soft rock for lead 30m and lift 1.5 1 1.5 108.57
m Below ground level from 7.5m to 9m
A = /4 8.4
2
7. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30m and lift 1.5 1 1.5 83.126
m Below ground level from 9m to 10.5m
A = /4 8.4
2
8. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30m and lift 1.5 1 1.5 83.216
m Below ground level from 10.5m to 12m

9. UCR MASONARY I CM (1:3)   9.62 –  8.42 2.7 45.8

4 4 
= 16.97
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-34 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. Particulars No Area D/H Qty Total

No. Qty

10. UCR MASONARY II CM (1:3)   9.42 –  8.42 7 97.9

4 4 
=13.99

11. RCC ring beam   9.62 –  8.42 0.3 5.09

4 4 
= 16.97

12. C.C. Coping   9.42 –  8.42 0.5 2.1

4 4 
= 13.99

13. Cement pointing   8.4 9.7 255.9

14. Flooring   11.42 –  9.42 32.67

4 4 
= 32.67

15. Providing two water wheels 2 2 no.

Abstract for community-well

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount

3 3
1. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30m and lift 108.57 M 130 M 14114.1
1.5 m
Below ground level upto 1.5m
3 3
2. Excavation in soft soil for lead 30m and lift 108.57 M 140 M 15199.8
1.5 m
Below ground level from 1.5m to 3m
3 3
3. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30m and 108.57 M 160 M 17371.2
lift 1.5 m Below ground level from 3.0m to
4.5m
3 3
4. Excavation in hard murum for lead 30m and 108.57 M 165 M 17914.05
lift 1.5 m Below ground level from 4.5m to
6.0m
3 3
5. Excavation in soft rock for lead 30m and lift 108.57 M 425 M 46142.25
1.5 m Below ground level from 6.0m to 7.5m
3 3
6. Excavation in soft rock for lead 30m and lift 108.57 M 450 M 48856.5
1.5 m Below ground level from 7.5m to 9m
3 3
7. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30m and lift 83.126 M 840 M 69825.84
1.5 m Below ground level from 9m to 10.5m
3 3
8. Excavation in hard rock for lead 30m and lift 83.126 M 930 M 77307.18
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-35 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Unit Rate Per Amount

1.5 m Below ground level from 10.5m to 12m
9. UCR MASONARY I CM (1:3) 45.8 3300 323070
10. UCR MASONARY II ND CM (1:3) 97.9 3300 35121
11. RCC ring beam 5.09 6900 11277
12. C.C. Coping 2.1 5370 25590
13. Cement pointing 255.9 100 9801
14. FLOORING 32.67 300 2000
15. Providing two water wheels 2 1000 323070
864729.9
43236.5
21618.25
929584.7

Ex. 5.3.4 : Find quantity of earthwork in excavation and cement concrete for circular community well. W - 18, 8Marks

Fig. P. 5.3.4

Soln.: Qty. of Excavation and concrete is calculated in Table below :

Sr. No. Item of work Nos. Length width Depth / thickness. Quantity
OR Area

(A) Earth work in Excavation

i) Excavation of soft rock up to

1 1.5 m depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.5 m 23.86 cu. m.

ii) Excavation of soft rock 1.5 m to 3.0 m depth

1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.0 m 15.90 cu. m.

Total excavation of soft rock 39.76 cu. m.

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-36 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Sr. No. Item of work Nos. Length width Depth / thickness. Quantity

i) Excavation of Hard murum 1.5

2 m to 3.0 m depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 0.5 m. 7.95 cu. .

ii) Excavation of Hard murum 3.0

m to 4.5m. depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.5 m. 23.86 cu. m.

iii) Excavation of
Hard murum 4.5 m to 6.0m. depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.5 m. 23.86 cu. m.

iv) Excavation of
Hard murum 6.0 m to 7.5m. depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 0.5 m. 7.95 cu. m.

Total excavation of Hard Murum 63.62 cu. m.

i) Excavation of Hard rock 6.0 m

3 to 7.5 m depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.0 m. 15.90 cu. m.

ii) Excavation of Hard rock 7.5 m

to 8.5 m depth 1 ((π/4) x 4.52) sq. m. 1.0 m 15.90 cu. m.

Total excavation of Hard rock 31.80 cu. m.

B) Cement Concrete

The concrete platform is having thickness of 0.15 m and itforms a ring

like structure.

ii) Concrete in Horizontal (π/4) x (6.52 – 4.52) 0.15

4 Platform 1 sq. m. m. 2.59 cu. m.

Total quantity of Cement Concrete 2.59 cu. m.

5.4 Use of Computer / Software / Programmes for detailed Estimate Preparation of

Building Works

( MSBTE – W-14, W-15, S-16, S-17, W-17, S-18)

Q. Enlist any eight software’s are available for civil engineering estimate. W-14, S-17
Q. Enlist any four software used for estimation in civil engineering. W-15, W-17
Q. What are the advantages of using software’s (QE – Pro) in preparation of estimates of civil engineering works ?
W-15, S-16
Q. State the names of software that are used for preparation of detailed estimate of building work. S-18

 For repetitive calculations computer play very important role.

 Microsoft excel is very easy and simple program for various calculations.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-37 Estima
ate for Civil Engineering Works

 We can prepare measurement sheett on Microsoft excel, using this spreadsheet one can easily
e calculate multiplication,
subtraction, addition, percentage etcc.
 For above calculation one has to inseert formulae in that spread sheets.
 The use of excel reduces time and inccreases the accuracy.
 Now a days different softwares are available in market to prepare estimate.
 Following are some softwares :
(1) Chief estimator (2) 2002 CD
C estimator
(3) ICE 2000 (4) Estimator 2.0
(5) QE – Pro (6) Estimate Master 5.13
(7) Build soft (8) Revitt
(9) Extrasion
 These softwares are used in private sector
s jobs.
 For large project these softwares aree used.
 For smaller jobs Microsoft excel is veery popular.

Fig. 5.4.1 : R.C.C slab culvert

5.5 MSBTE Questions and Answers

A

Winter 2014 : Total Marks 28

Q. 1 The formation level of a road at starting

s point is 470.00 m. The road surface shall be falling gradient line of 1 to 60.
Formation width of the roads is 12
2 m, side slope 1 : 2 in embankment and 1 : 1.5 in cuttiing :

Assume there is no cross slope to

o the ground.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-38 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Chainage (m) 0 30 60 90 120 150

R.C of G. L. in (m) 466.50 467.20 468.10 468.20 469.70 469.00

Calculate the quantity of earth work for road using mean sectional area method. (Ex. 5.1.7) (4 Marks)

Q. 2 Enlist any eight softwares are available for civil engineering estimate. (Section 5.4) (4 Marks)

Q. 3 Workout the quantity of following items for septic tank having internal size 1.8 m  4.2 m and height 1.6 m. The top
of slab of septic tank is 20 cm above G. L.

(i) Earth work in excavation.

(ii) P. C.C. (1 : 3 : 6) – (15 cm thick).

(iii) B. B. masonry in c.m. (1 : 6) proportion (300 mm thick).

(iv) R. C. C. slab (1 : 2 : 4) on septic tank 12 cm thick. (Ex. 5.2.1) (8 Marks)

Q. 4 (a) Calculate the quantity of excavation and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item of
work for community well as shown in Fig. Q.4
(b) Calculate the quantity of brickwork and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of item of
work for community well as shown in Fig. Q.4
(c) Calculate the quantity of standard flooring and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief description of
item of work for community well as shown in Fig. Q.4 (Ex. 5.3.2) (12 Marks)

Fig. Q. 4

Summer 2015 : TotalMarks 22

Q. 5 Calculate the quantities of earth-work in cutting and in banking for a portion of road with following data :

(i) Formation width of road is 12 m.

(ii) Formation level of starting chainage is 51.50 m

 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-39 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

(iii) The road surface shall be given a falling gradient of 1 in 200

(iv) Side slope are 1V : 2H in banking and 1V :1.5H in cutting.

Chainage in m. 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

G.L. in m. 50.80 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51.0

Use mid sectional area method. (Ex. 5.1.10) (6 Marks)

Q. 6 Work out the quantity of following items for septic tank Refer Fig. Q. 6.
(i) Earth work in excavation (ii) P.C.C. (1 : 3 : 6)
(iii) B. B. masonry in c.m. (1 : 6) (iv) Slab on septic tank 75 mm Thick.
(Ex. 5.2.7) (8 Marks)

Fig. Q. 6

Q. 7 Calculate the quantity of excavation and UCR masonry work and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief
description of item of work for community well as shown in Fig. Q.7. (Ex. 5.3.3) (8 Marks)
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-40 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Fig. Q. 7

Winter 2015 : Total Marks 08

Q. 8 What are the advantages of using softwares (QE – Pro) in preparation of estimates of civil engineering works ?
(Section 5.4) (4 Marks)
Q. 9 Enlist any four softwares used for estimation in civil engineering. (Section 5.4) (4 Marks)

Summer 2016 : Total Marks 08

Q. 10 Calculate quantity of earthwork of road with following data using mean area method :

Distance m 160 200 240 280 320 360

G.L.m 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 50

Formation width = 12 m. Formation R.L. of starting chainage 160 m. Is 51.20 m having falling gradient 1 in 40 side
slope 2:1. (Ex. 5.1.12) (4 Marks)
Q. 11 State the names of softwares that are used for preparation of detailed estimates of building works.
(Section 5.4) (4 Marks)

Winter 2016 : Total Marks 04

Q. 12 What are the different methods used for calculation of earthwork quantities for roadand canal ? Explain any one.
(Section 5.1) (4 Marks)

Summer 2017: Total Marks 30

Q. 13 Calculate the quantities of earth-work in cutting and in banking for a portion of road with following data :
1. Formation width of road is 12 m
2. Formation level of starting chainage is 51.50 m
3. The road surface shall be given a falling gradient of 1 in 200.
4. Side slope are 1 V : 2H in banking and 1 V : 1.5 H in cutting:
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-41 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Chainage in m 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

G.L. in m 50.80 50.60 50.70 51.20 51.40 51.30 51.00
(Ex. 5.1.10) (6 Marks)
Q. 14 Explain prismoidal formula method for finding earth work for road.
(Section 5.1.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 15 Enlist any eight software available for civil engineering estimates.
(Section 5.4) (4 Marks)
Q. 16 Calculate the quantity of excavation and UCR masonry work and enter in standard measurement sheet with brief
description of item of work for community well as shown in Fig.Q.16.
(Ex. 5.3.3) (8 Marks)

Fig. Q.16

Q. 17 Workout the quantity of following items for sepetic tank having internal size 1.8 m  4.2 m and height 1.6 m top of
slab of sepetic tank is 20 cm above G.L. Assume stable data :
(i) Earthwork in excavation
(ii) P.C.C. (1. : 3 : 6) - 15 cm thick
(iii) B.B masonry in cm 1 : 6 proportion (300 mm thick)
(iv) R.C.C. slab (1 : 2 : 4) on sepetic tank 12 cm thick. (Ex. 5.2.1) (8 Marks)

Winter 2017 : Total Marks 08

Q. 18 Describe in brief prismoidal method for finding out earthwork quantities. (Section 5.1.1) (4 Marks)
Q. 19 Enlist any four software used for estimation in Civil Engineering. (Section 5.4) (4 Marks)

Summer 2018 : Total Marks 16

Q. 20 The formation level of road at starting point is 470.00 m. The road surface shall be falling gradient line of 1 to 60
formation width of road is 12 m. Side slope 1:2 in embankment and 1:1.5 in cutting.
Assume there is no cross slope to the ground.
 Estimating & Costing (MSBTE) 5-42 Estimate for Civil Engineering Works

Chainage in M 0 30 60 90 120 150

R.L. of G.L. in m 465.00 467.20 468.10 468.20 469.70 469.00
Calculate the quantity of earthwork. For road using Mean Sectional Area Method.
(Ex. 5.1.7) (8 Marks)
Q. 21 State the names of software that are used for preparation of detailed estimate of building work.
(Section 5.4) (4 Marks)
Q. 22 What are the different methods used for calculation of earthwork quantities for a road and canal? Explain any one.
(Section 5.1) (4 Marks)


Winter 18 : Total Marks 24

Q. 23 Calculate quantity of earthwork from following data:

(i) Formation level of starting chainage = 107
(ii) Formation width of road = 10 m
(iii) Down gradient of road = 1 in 150
(iv) Side slope = 2H : 1V (Ex. 5.1.13) (8 Marks)

Chainage m 300 330 360 390 420

Ground level m 105 105.6 105.4 105.9 105.45

Q. 24 Workout the quantity of following items for septic tank (size 2 m × 4 m) and height 1.5 m. The top of slab of septic
tank is 20 cm above GL.
(i) Earth work in excavation
(ii) P.C.C (15 cm thick) at bottom
(iii) B.B Masonary (250 mm thick)
(iv) R.C.C slab at top (15 cm thick) (Ex. 5.2.9) (8 Marks)
Q. 25 Find quantity of earth work in excavation and cement concrete for circular community well. (Ex. 5.3.4) (8 Marks)

Fig .Q.25

Note