Matrix Analysis Example Hughes figure 5.

12 page 191 ff
ORIGIN := 1

6 4
C 4
5 3

FYB 3
b c c
b
4
2
FXB 2 2
3
A B 1 a
1
4
1
2

input data 1 a 3
n_elements := 3 n_nodes := 3 ie := 1 .. n_elements

f, δ element; F, ∆ structure; m = element n_free := 2 number of degrees of freedom per node

n_dof := n_nodes⋅n_free n_dof = 6 total number of degrees of freedom in structure

input for the class and text problem:
nod_el := 2 nodes per element in := 1 .. nod_el

 1 2  0 0  1  1
elem :=  1 3
XY :=  1 0 A :=  1 
nodal map of elements
 location of nodes E := 1
 2 3   
 0 1  1  1
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

element stiffness matrix:

geometry
 0 1  0 0  1 
X = 0 0 Y = 0 1 (Xie , 2 − Xie , 1) + (Yie , 2 − Yie , 1) L= 1
2 2
X := XY Y := XY L :=
ie , in elemie, in , 1 ie , in elemie, in , 2   ie 
 1 0  0 1  1.414 

notes_34_ex_pg_192_2003.mcd 1
   Yie , 2 − Yie , 1  π   0 
angle := if  X > 0, atan
=  90
−X , angle don't need angle now but will
ie  ie , 2 ie , 1  Xie , 2 − Xie , 1 2 gets angle -π/2 < angle < π/2
    deg  later for T
 −45 
 0 
( ) =  90
angle
angle := if X −X < 0, angle + π , angle gets angle in appropriate quadrant
ie ie , 2 ie , 1 ie ie deg 
 135 
element stiffness, element coordinates

 1 0 −1 0   1 0 −1 0   1 0 −1 0   0.707 0 −0.707 0 
A ⋅E
ie ie  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ke := ⋅ ke =  ke =  ke = 
ie L  −1 0 1 0 1  −1 0 1 0 2  −1 0 1 0 3  −0.707 0 0.707 0 
ie
0  0  0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0

transformation matrix
 1   0 
(
λ ie := cos angle
ie ) (
µ ie := sin angle
ie ) λ= 0 µ=  1
 
 −0.707   0.707 
transform from structure to element; applies at each node of element.

 λ ie µ ie 0 0 
   −0.707 0.707

1 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 1 0 0
−µ ie λ ie 0 0  0 1 0 0 −0.707 −0.707 0 0 
T :=   T = −1 0 0 0 T =
ie λ ie µ ie 1 0 0 1 0 T = 3  0 −0.707 0.707 
 0 0
 2  0 0 0 1
0
0  0
 0 0 ( −µ) ie λ ie  0 0 1 0
 0 −1 0   0 −0.707 −0.707 
 
element stiffness, structure coordinates

 1 0 −1 0  0 0 0 0   0.354 −0.354 −0.354 0.354 

 
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −1  −0.354 0.354 0.354 −0.354 
Ke =   
T
Ke := T ⋅ke ⋅T Ke = Ke =
ie ie ie ie 1  −1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0  3  −0.354 0.354 0.354 −0.354 
0  
 0 0 0 0 −1 0 1   0.354 −0.354 −0.354 0.354 

notes_34_ex_pg_192_2003.mcd 2
 assemble structure stiffness matrix structure coordinates
now we have to deal with total structure model:

 F1   ∆1 

 F2   ∆2 
   
F =  F3  ∆ =  ∆3  and F = K⋅∆ superposing respective element contributions
 F4   ∆4 
   
 F5   ∆5 
 F6  
 ∆6 
convert node number to numbered degree of freedom
 1 2 3 4
j := 1 .. n_free k := 0 .. n_free − 1 top := n_free elem −k top =  1 2 5 6
ie , 2⋅ j−k ie , j 
 3 4 5 6

i := 1 .. nod_el n_free j := 1 .. nod_el n_free

K := 0
n_dof , n_dof 1 0 −1 0 0 0 
0 1 0 0 0 −1
 
K
topie, i , topie, j
:= K
topie, i , topie, j ( ie)i, j
+ Ke
K= 
−1 0 1.354 −0.354 −0.354 0.354

0 0 −0.354 0.354 0.354 −0.354 
0 0 −0.354 0.354 0.354 −0.354


0 −1 0.354 −0.354 −0.354 1.354 

set up forces, lhs of F = K* ∆  0

0
 F3   3   
 3
ii := 1 .. n_dof F := 0 :=  F→ 
ii  F4  4
   
4
 0

 0
notes_34_ex_pg_192_2003.mcd 3
 apply boundary conditions
only degrees of freedom 3 and 4 are unconstrained therefore the reduced equations become

 3  1.354 −0.354 
Fred := submatrix(F, 3, 4, 1, 1) Fred →  Kred := submatrix(K, 3, 4, 3, 4) Kred = 
 4  −0.354 0.354 

solve for ∆and F  −7   0 

0  0
   
 ∆3  3 7 
F=   
∆ ii := 0 −1
and we can solve for ∆3 and ∆4  := Kred ⋅Fred F := K⋅∆ ∆=
 ∆4  4  18.314 
4  0 
reverse to calculate element properties  
 −4   0 
and then the element forces are calculated from the relationships that we began with:

first get Delta (structure coordinates) of each element

 0  
0 
  
0 7 0 8 
 0 0 7 18.314  〈ie〉
∆eie , i := ∆ top
ie, i
∆e =  0

0 0 0 ∆e = 
T
 7
0 0 18.314 
0 0 
δ ie := T ⋅ ∆e
ie
( T) δ1 = 
 7 
0  0
δ2 =  
 0
δ3 = 
−17.899 
 0 
 7 18.314 0 0   18.314  18.314 0  0
 0 0       
 −7   0  
5.657 
0
f =  0 0 
f =  f =
f := ke ⋅δ ie
ie ie 1  7 
2  0 3  −5.657 
0
  0  0
apply stress matrix    

E
ie
Se := ⋅( −1 0 1 0 ) Se = ( −1 0 1 0 ) Se = ( −1 0 1 0 ) Se = ( −0.707 0 0.707 0 )
ie L 1 2 3
ie
 7 
σ ie := Se ⋅δ ie σ= 0
ie 
 −5.657 

notes_34_ex_pg_192_2003.mcd 4