B.Arch.

Entrance Exei CR
ER-11
JAIN ARCHITECTURE

number of Hindu temples in India,

Jain temples are few and spaced out. SurroIndae Surrounded by embattled
Compared to the
into wards, guarded by massive bastions at its ends,
with fortified gateways as the main
entrances. walls,the termples
aredivided results ofspora
sporadic construction. Natural levels of the hillon uhiple-q
instead they were the esults
were not built
on a specific plan; grandeit ind.
as one goes higher the architecture and tý was
various levels so that Ihe
only vara
being built accommodated
Chamukhs or four-faced temples.
In these the image ofa Tirthan ara faces the iation in
these temples was
in the form offrequent into this temple is fro four sides, or
back to face four cardinal points. Entry alsn
be placed back to
four Tirthankars are characteristic example of
the four-door temple. varnukh
templeofAdinath (1618AD) is a
of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan ara weld
and sculptured
monuments
nowned. The most
The great Jain temples han.
Mount Abu in Rajasthan Deogarh(Lalitpur, U.P.), Ellora, Badami
found at Ranakpur and and Aihole
ofall Jain temples are
spectacular ofJain Art.
the important specimens
also have some of Spehaoic Scofesd

Cha blees aced eples

Dilwara Jain Temple Mt.Abu, Rajasthan

Chaumukha Jain Temple Ranakpur, Rajasthan

Chaumukha Jain Temple

Ranakpur, Rajasthan Dilwara Jain Temple Mt.Abu, Rajasthan
South Delhi Centre
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Jain Temple
Rajgir, Bihar Jain Temple Junagadh,Gujarat

eeb

Jain Temple Palitana, Gujarat Gommateshvara

Sravanbelagola, Karnataka

cs
Jain Temple Kolkata Jain Temple Japan
South Delhi Centre Plaza-1, 205, 2nd Floor,
Masjid Moth, South Extension-2, New Delhi-110049 | Ph:011-26264176, 26261199,
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 Building ldentificationCHAPTER
B.Arch. Entrance Examination
HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER-1 11
Classic Hindu temples of India and
Southeast Asia are the Brihadeeshvara, Khajuraho, Mukteshvara, Angkor Wat and Da e
of
the turn of the first millennium, two major types temples
existed, the northern or Nagara style and the southern oe n,At
Dravidian style of temple.

Interestingly the eariest Nagara temples are in Karnataka (e.g. Galaganath at Patadakal) and some very early Dravida-styefeme e
eg.Teli-ke-Mandir at Gwalior) are actually in North India. A complex style termed Vesara was once common in Karnataka wd
combined the two styles.
which

In design of a Hindu temple some common parts are as follows:

Jagatis a term used refer to a raised surface, platform or terrace upon which the temple is placed.

Antarale is asmallantichamberorfoyer between the garbhagriha (shrine) and the mandapa,more typical ofnorth Indian termples.

Mandepe is a term torefer to Column|pilared outdoor hall or Pavilion (structure)Jpavilion for publicrtuals

Garbhagriha is the part in which the idol ofthe deity in a Hindu temple is installedi.e. Sanctum sanctorum.

Pradakshina area or the circumambulation is around the Garbhagriha

Shikhara or Vimanam literally means "'mountain peak", refer to the rising tower over the sanctum sanctorum where the
enshrined is the most prominent and visible part of a Hindu temples.
presiding deity is

Gopurams are the elaborate gateway-towers of south Indian temples.

NAGARAARCHITECTURE
An example of Nagara architecture is the
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, the largest and loftiest temple of the Khajuraho, with its mature
planning, designing and dimensions. It has superb sculptural embellishment and architectural elaboration and is
evolved and finished. amongst the most

Angkor Wat
Cambodia Aeriel View of
Angkor Wat
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Cambodia

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 B.Arch. Entrance Examination
Building ldentification CHAPTER-1 1 2

Hindu Temple
Prambanan, Indonesia Mukteshvara Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

Kandariya Mahadev Temple Khajuraho, M.P. Devi Jagdamba Temple on Right

Khajuraho, M.P.

Lakshmana Temple
Khajuraho, M.P. Galagnath Temple Pattadakal, Karnataka

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 B.Arch. Entrance Examination Building ldentification CHAPTER-11 13
DRAVIDIAN ARCHITECTURE

Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in Southern part of the Indian subcontines
South India. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called Koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order
to
create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers. The majority of the existing buildings
are
located in the Southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Karnataka. Various kingdoms and empires suc
as
the Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyan, Chera, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara Empire amongst the many others h
have
made a substantial contribution to the evolution of Dravidian architecture through the ages. Dravidian styled architecture can also
be
found in parts of Northeastem Sri Lanka, Maldives, and various parts of Southeast Asia.

Dravidian style temples consist almost invariably of the four following parts:

1. The principal part, the temple itself, is called the Vimanam. Itis always square in plan and surmounted by a pyramidal roofofone r
more stories; it contains the cell where the image of the god or his emblem is placed.

2 The porches or Mantapams, which always cover and precede the door leading to the cell.

3. Gate-pyramids or Gopurams, which are the principal features in the quadrangular enclosures that surround the more notable
temples.
4. Pillard halls (Chaultris or Chawadis) are used for many purposes and are the invariable accompaniments of these temples.

Besides these, a temple always contains tanks or wells for water to be used for sacred purposes or the convenience of the priests-
dwellings for all the grades of the priesthood are attached to it, and other buildings for state or convenience

Aeriel view of Meenakshi Temple

Madurai, Tamil NaduU
South Delhi Centre :Plaza-1, 205, 2nd Floor, Masjid Moth, South
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26261199, -0
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022-26200240
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05406

E406
B.Arch. Entrance Examination Bulding ldentification CHAPTER-1 1 4

Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu Meenakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Pallavas
Pallavas were pioneers of South Indian architecture. They ruled from AD (600-900) and their greatest constructed accomplishments
are the single rock temples in Mahabalipuram and their capital Kanchipuram, now located in Tamil Nadu.

The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The monolithic shrines named after the Pandavas are known
as 'rathas'. All these temples are together known as 'Seven Pagodas'. Early temples were mostly dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasanatha
temple in Kanchipuram is also a fine example of the Pallava style temple.

Cholas
The Chola kings ruled from AD (848-1280) and built the world famous Brihadeshvara Temple at Tanjore, also a UNEScO World
Heritage Site. The largest and tallest of all Indian temples of its time, the Tanjore Brihadeshvara marks the apex of South Indian
architecture. Even today it is the temple with the tallest Shikhara.

The Chola period is also remarkable for its

sculptures and bronzes all over the world. The best example of this can be seen in the form of
Nataraja the Divine Dancer.

Palowa

Shore Temple Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu Panch Rathas Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
South Delhi Centre
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owerA, 503-504,5th Floor,Business Zone, Nirvana Country, Soctor-50,Gurugram-122018 | Ph.:0124-4003321, 0-9810o0500

Dharmaraja Ratha Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu Bheema Ratha
Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu

Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu

Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu Nakul & Sahdeva Ratha
Arjuna & Draupadi Ratha

Chuoos

Vice
LI

lanjore, TamilNadu

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu Brihadeshvara Temple

Kailasanatha Temple 4 1 7 6 , 2 6 2 6 1 1 9 9 , 0 - 9 8 1 0 4 0 5 4 0 6

9810405406

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NICS Mumbai Centre
or
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 B.Arch, Entrance Examination Building tdentification CHAPTER-116
Chalukyas
The Chalukyas ruled from Badami, Karnataka in the period AD (543-753) The rock-cut temples of Pattadakal,a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, Badami and Alhole situsted in northem Karnataka are their most celebrated monuments.
This was the beginning of
Chalukya styleofarchitecture and a consolidetion of South Indian style

Rashtrakutas
Their contributions to art and
The Rashtrakutas ruled the deccan from Gulbarga district, Kamataka in the period AD (753-973).
Maharashtra. The walls of the
architecture are reflected in the splendid rock-cut shrines at Elora and Elephanta, situated in present day
Kailashnath temple at Ellora have marvellous soulptures from Hindu mythology including Ravana, Shiva and Parvathi while the ceilings

have paintings.

Virupaksha Temple Pattadakal, Karnataka Mallikarjuna Temple Pattadakal, Karmataka

Cave Temples Badami,Karnataka Cave Temples Aihole, Karmataka

Plaza-1, 205, 2nd Floor, Masjid Moth, Soulh Extension 2, Now Delhs10049 | Ph.: 011-26264176, 26261199, 0.9810

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B.Arch. Entrance Examination
Building ldentification
cation CHCHAPTER

Elephanta Caves Maharashtra Trimurti-Elephanta Caves

Maharastr

Elephanta Caves Maharashtra Kailashnath Temple, Ellora Maharashtra

Maharashta

Kailashnath Temple, Ellora Maharashtra Kailashnath Temple, Ellora

HUC

: Plaza-1, 205, 2nd Floor, Masjid Moth, South Extension-2, New Delhi-110049 | Ph.: 011-26264176, 26261199, 0-3010
South Delhi Centre S01
NICS Mumbai Centre
Centre
:Unit No. 13, 2nd Floor, Alankar CHS Ltd, NADCO, Above
Trupti Sweets, S.V. Road, Andheri (West),
|Ph.:022-26200225,
Mumbai-4O0058
124-4003321,
PRIVATE LIMITED Gurugram lower-A, 503-504, 5th Floor, Business Zone, Nivana Country, Sector-50, Gurugram-122018|P
 BArch Entrance Examination Building ldentification CHAPTER-1 18
Hoysalas
The Hoysala kings ruled southem India
during the period AD (1100-1343) from their capital Belur and later Halebid in Karnataka and
developed a unique idiom of architecture called the Hoysala architecture in Karnataka state. The finest
are the Chennakesava
examples of their architecture
Temple in Belur, Hoysaleswara temple in Halebid, and the Kesava in Temple Somanathapura.
Vijayanagar
Thewhole of South India was ruled by Vijayanagar Empire from AD (1343-1565), who built a number of temples and monuments. Their
style was a combination of the styles developed in South India in the previous centuries.
King Krishna Deva Raya and others built many
famous temples allover South India in VijayanagarArchitecture style.
Artisans used the locally available hard
granite because of its durability since the
kingdom was under constant threat of invasion. While
the empire's monuments are
spread
the whole of Southern India, nothing
over
surpasses the vast open air theatre of monuments at
Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At Hampi, the Vitthala
Hazara Ramaswamy temple is a modest but
temple is the best example of the pillared Kalyanamantapa style, the
perfectly finished example.
Kalinga
The design which flourished in eastem
Indian state of Odisha and North coastal Andhra
Pradesh is called Kalinga style of
The prominent examples are Sun
Temple at Konark, Lingaraj Temple at Bhubaneshwar and architecture.
Jagannath Temple at Puri.

Chenna Kesava Temple

Belur, Karnataka Hoysaleswara Temple Halebid, Karnataka

NICSE South Delhi Centre

Mumbai Centre
PRIVATE LIMITED Gurugram Centre
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Floor, Masjid Moth, South Extension-2, New Delhi-110049
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 Ion
B. Arch.EntranceExamination CHAPTER

Virupaksha Temple
Kesava Temple
Somanathapura, Karnataka Harmpi, Karma

Stone Chariot in front of Vitthala Temple Hampi, Karnataka

Hampi, Karnataka
Vijay Vitthala Temple Complex

Hampi, Karmalakd

Vitthala Temple Hampi, Karnataka Hazare Ramaswamy Temple

0-981040
26261199, 9810405406

h.:011-26264176,
South Delhi Centro Plaza-1, 205, 2nd Floor, Masjid Moth, South Extension-2, New Delhi-110049|
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owerA, 503-504, 5th Floor, Business Zone, Nirvana Country, Sector-50, Gurugram-122018
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h0124-40030
 B.Arch. Entrance Examination Buildingldentification CHAPTER 1 20

Sun Temple Konark, Odisha Sun Temple Entry Konark, Odisha

Sun Temple Wheel Konark, Odisha Raja Rani Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha

Lingaraj Temple Bhubaneshwar, Odisha Jagannath Temple Puri, Odisha

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 HINDU TEMPLE
ARCHITE CTURE

Torn af h e 1st Mleunium.

Novhen Nagaa skyle.
Dravida Southeren
easly Nagara temples i Kaunatnka.

elagamaP) Patta da kal

Dravidateples
Dravida iu neAten regionn Ex ceptions

Telt ka Mandiv.
CGnuselior)

Yesana cowmplex shle

Mix of Nagoha
Davida
found in Kanatak
N 6hikhasa N-Mandapa.
S:-Viman am S-Manha.pam

M
N
Jagati
CPltntl
Padaksano
Antavala >Move ivn(N
N- Ganbha Griha
Ls- viwmand
 M OF A CnoPURAM

fughum of
a vectanmg ulas

Pyamid

NAGARA
sr Kandasiya Mahadeva Tem ple (I2 pic 3)
Kay iraho MP.

Sculptune-
Canved on o a t back.

Oell of C Cove SupexbSeulptaal

wall of a
temple
Ebell'shmeuts

high low
velief velef

amongy the most evolved 4 Fiished

Best exa-ple of H
Lde Aayon AYchiteot

Pa 12
PrcL
CAngkor Wat

Cambodia.

Wat
Angkor

pla ce Teple
Comple x

Lahgest Tewple owplex

In he oRLD
Made by a
kfug tanmil
as a Vishnu tenple
Covle ted later. tuto a Buddhist
tewple.
Cannbodian Flag has a Pre.

the tenple
Laterite brick +
Sands teue
daddi
ed sotl found
dn coagtal

vey hasd, Povous

ich in Iron oxi

CBihadeshvasa
Temple
Tawjoe, TN
Eigg est S i e a h a
This a l a s h uoos
te mefhod
TL Seout of was Corwed ou
i w c
t took t top wonoidAc yock
paat sitssaCalas

and wos v e haawu

is shill wgseng toeo t e top

suel
a
tal sliklana
Thaches
witout t e hulp o
amo a r n s s
 Pa 12
EHindu Temple)

Prombanan Indoves Ya
, .

They ae alt Stva Tenples

>Undun UNESCo.

Pre-2
Mukteshuoana Temple)
Bhubaneshuoas1, Odtsha
Theeis aaeusag tu the
hout ofHhe teuple called
Jorana
Also fn he
Saunchi Stupo.
TF (S the example of
Kaltnga Architecture

CGnalag nath Temple

Patod kal, kannmataka
 JAIN ARCHITECTURE

Fg 2de
DrluoawaTemple
Mt-Abu, Rajasthan.
the only hill
is
M& Abu
shadit iu Kayasthan.
The temple is eomplebeky
made of ohite vay ble
non Ava suwi Hillneaby
Taintsm 24 nods /TirthanEana
-
Lord Adinath /Rishabhdey
-24 Mahavira.

Diluoaxa Teple was plon:- Chaumu Eha

Commissisued yKing Vimal Shah pain Tenple.
4 fased e .
Solanki Dynasty
Architech:- Vastupal 4 Teipal.

FigJain Tem ple

sRajgix , Bihar
u Painted in Rnk.

Rajgiv was the prevïous

Capital f the
Mausnyan Dynasty
Chaudragupta Maus.
2- BinduS ara
3. Ashoko

Late capital
Patltputta (Preseut da
Past no
F3Jain Temple
Juna8adh ,aurat

J u n a aadh

Fot Kangsa Fort

old
Gniman Hill.
H-P
3o00 BC Soo BC
oldest Foet in Lndia.
Mahabhoarat Buddhis m
Vi habrab 2 fes below the gtound.
Mix of Hrndu Shitha Tslamtc
Domes

Jatn Tewmple
Pa lttasna , Gujavat
Din hill shatunja
*has almost f looo temple

clsten.

CGiomate shvara
s Shrayan bel agole , Kasnataka.

Lord Bahubalk. Son af Lovd

Adinath
L> Medttate d So much
that the veaetation
areu on hin too

epreseued e
beuhifuluy on
he tdol
*Burlt by- Grang Dgnask
Cujvat

Junagadh
Polttana
2 R a f o a t h a w

Dilwaha Ranak pun.

3Mahaxashha
Ellora Coves Hindu
Buddhist
Tainism.
Tndha Salbha Cave
32 -

Laagest Coue
annoataka
GnoYnmateshaha

Svouaun belogola
Badant
Athole

Deoganh Lolttpu
d shict