The National Building Code (NBC) of India guidelines
Toilet Facilities in Shopping Malls
Men's Toilets: Usually, the ratio is 1 toilet for every 50-75 men.
Women's Toilets: The ratio is often similar, but in practice, women's facilities might be
provided at a higher rate to accommodate longer wait times, especially during peak
hours.
Accessibility: At least one set of toilet facilities should be accessible to people with disabilities.
Ramp Ratio:
The maximum permissible slope for ramps is 1:12 (one unit of rise for every twelve units
of horizontal run). This means for every 12 units of horizontal distance, the ramp can rise
by 1 unit.
A 1:16 slope may be used for ramps intended for longer distances or less frequently used
areas.
Ramps should be at least 1.2 meters wide to allow for wheelchair access and to
accommodate people moving in both directions.
Landings must be provided at the top and bottom of the ramp and at intermediate intervals of
not more than 9 meters for longer ramps. The landing should be at least as wide as the ramp
and a minimum of 1.5 meters in length.
Handrails should be provided on both sides of the ramp. They should be between 0.75 meters
and 0.85 meters
Parking Requirement:
The NBC typically recommends providing one parking space per 100 square meters of
floor area
One two-wheeler parking space for every 50 square meters of floor area
Visitor Parking: Adequate parking should be provided for visitors, considering peak
times and anticipated foot traffic.
Handicap Parking: Spaces should be designated for differently-abled individuals,
typically close to the main entrances.
Service Parking: Areas should be allocated for delivery and service vehicles separate
from visitor parking.
Promoting public transport options and incorporating electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in
the parking design. Samuel
CAR : 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) wide and 5.0 meters (16.4 feet) long
For persons with disabilities 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) wide and 5.0 meters (16.4 feet) long.
Driveway Width : A width of 6.0 to 7.5 meters
Parking Ramp Design: Ramp Slope: 1:8
Headroom for multilevel parking minimum clear height of 2.1 to 2.4 meters
Angle of Parking: Parking spaces can be arranged at various angles (90°, 60°, or 45°)
Fire escape staircase
Distance Between Stairs: In large shopping malls, fire escape staircases should be placed at
such intervals that the maximum distance to a staircase from any point in the building does
not exceed 30 meters
Width: Fire escape staircases should have a minimum width of 1.5 meters
Lighting and Signage: Ensure that staircases are well-lit and clearly marked with signage
indicating the direction to exits. Emergency lighting should be provided.
Riser Height: The maximum height for each riser (the vertical portion of the step) should be
190 mm (7.5 inches). This ensures that the steps are not too steep and are easier to climb in
an emergency.
Tread Depth: The minimum depth of each tread (the horizontal portion of the step) should
be 250 mm (10 inches).
Handrails: Handrails should be provided on both sides of the staircase and be at a height of
0.9 meters to 1.0 meter (approximately 3 to 3.3 feet) from the tread.
Types of AHU Units
1.Modular AHUs, 2.Packaged AHU, 3.Ceiling-mounted AHUs, 4. Rooftop AHUs
Typical Sizes of AHU Units
Small AHUs:
Airflow Capacity: Typically range from 500 to 5,000 CFM (approximately 0.24 to 2.36
m³/s).
Applications: Used in smaller commercial spaces, offices, or residential buildings.
Medium-sized AHUs:
Airflow Capacity: Typically range from 5,000 to 20,000 CFM (approximately 2.36 to
9.47 m³/s).
Applications: Suitable for medium-sized commercial buildings, including shopping
malls and small industrial facilities.
Large AHUs:
Airflow Capacity: Typically exceed 20,000 CFM (approximately 9.47 m³/s), with some
units handling over 100,000 CFM (approximately 47.16 m³/s).
Water Requirements
Domestic Water Requirements
Example Calculation:
Average Consumption: 150 liters/person/day
Number of Visitors/Employees: 5,000
Daily Water Requirement: 150 liters/person/day×5,000 persons=750,000 liters/day150
\text{ liters/person/day} \times 5,000 \text{ persons} = 750,000 \text{
liters/day}150 liters/person/day×5,000 persons=750,000 liters/day (or 750 m³/day)
Firefighting Water Requirements
Example Calculation:
Floor Area: 50,000 m²
Firewater Requirement: 150 liters/m²
Total Firewater Storage: 150 liters/m²×50,000 m²=7,500,000 liters150 \text{ liters/m²}
\times 50,000 \text{ m²} = 7,500,000 \text{
liters}150 liters/m²×50,000 m²=7,500,000 liters (or 7,500 m³
Operational and Miscellaneous Uses
Example Calculation:
Cooling Water: Assume 10% of daily domestic water requirement.
Cooling Water Storage: 750,000 liters/day×0.10=75,000 liters/day750,000 \text{
liters/day} \times 0.10 = 75,000 \text{
liters/day}750,000 liters/day×0.10=75,000 liters/day
Landscaping: Estimate based on irrigation needs (e.g., 20,000 liters/day).
Example Summary:
Domestic Use: 750,000 liters/day
Firefighting: 7,500,000 liters (may be stored separately or included in overall capacity)
Cooling and Miscellaneous: 75,000 liters (for cooling) + 20,000 liters (for landscaping)
Total Required Capacity:
For daily needs (excluding firefighting, if stored separately):
750,000 liters/day+75,000 liters+20,000 liters=845,000 liters750,000 \text{ liters/day} +
75,000 \text{ liters} + 20,000 \text{ liters} = 845,000 \text{
liters}750,000 liters/day+75,000 liters+20,000 liters=845,000 liters (or 845 m³)
