Module 4

Recent
Developments in
IT

Sneha
Asst. Prof. Dept of BCA
MDCGS, Seethangoli
 INDEX
 Virtualization

 Grid Computing

 Cloud computing

 Green Computing

 Web 3.0

 Internet of Things (IoT)

 AI, ML, DL

 Big Data & Data Analytics

 Virtualization
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something,
such as an operating system, server, storage device, or network,
where multiple instances can run simultaneously on a single
physical machine. There are different types of virtualization,
including server virtualization, desktop virtualization, and network
virtualization.
Types of Virtualization

1. Hardware Virtualization

2. Software Virtualization

3. Network Virtualization

4. Storage Virtualization

5. Memory Virtualization
Types of Virtualization

Hardware Virtualization Software Virtualization Network Virtualization

• It is the creation of virtual machine • Multiple sub networks can be
• It has the ability of a computer to
that act like a real computer. created on the same physical
run and create one or more virtual
environments. network.
• It is also known as hardware-
virtualization / server virtualization.
• It may include : • It allows network optimization.
• In this technology, many small • OS virualization
physical servers into one large • It also involves management and
• Application virtualization
physical server. monitoring of a computer network
• Service virtualization.

Advantages : Advantages :
Advantages :
• Resource utilization is efficient • Ability to test new apps in a • Automated management
controlled settings
• Lower overall costs • Improved scalability
• Easy to create.
• Increase it IT flexibility • Flexibility
 Storage Virtualization Memory Virtualization

• Multiple physical storage devices are • It is the way to decouple memory from
grouped together, which look like a the server to provide a shared,
single storage device. distributed or networked function.

• It is also known as cloud storage. • It enhances performance by providing

greater memory capacity
Advantages :
Advantages :
• Easy retrieval of data
• Higher memory utilization
• Better management
• Access to more memory
• Security
 GRID COMPUTING
Meaning Types of Grid Computing Applications of Grid
Computing

• It allows organizations to • Grid computing can be • Grid computing finds

combine their resources to categorized into two types: applications in various fields,
computational grid and data grid. including :
solve complex problems and
achieve high-performance • scientific research
• Computational grid focuses on • drug discovery
computing.
distributing computational tasks • weather forecasting
• Grid computing enables the across a network of • financial modeling
sharing and coordinated use
interconnected computers. • engineering simulations.
of diverse resources, whether
• Data grid emphasizes the • It enables researchers and
it's computing power, storage
capacity, or software management and distribution of organizations to access vast
applications. large-scale data sets across computational resources and
geographically dispersed collaborate on grand-scale
storage systems. projects.
 Cloud
Computing

 The term cloud refers to a network or an internet.

 Computing is any activity that uses the computer to manage, process and
communicate information.

 Cloud computing refers to manipulating, configuring and accessing the

applications online.

It offers online data storage, infrastructure and application.

 Eg. : storing data on a remote database

Cloud Computing Flexibility and Scalability
Cloud computing offers on-demand access to a shared pool of computing resources,
including networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. It enables
organizations to scale their resources up or down based on their needs, providing
flexibility and cost-efficiency.

Key Features
Cloud computing is characterized by features like -
• Scalability
• Large Network Access
• Economical
• Easy Maintenance

Advantages of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing brings numerous benefits, such as reduced IT costs, increased
agility and speed of deployment, enhanced scalability and flexibility, improved
collaboration and accessibility, and improved data backup and disaster recovery
capabilities.
Green Computing
1 Environmental Responsibility

Green computing, also known as sustainable computing or eco-friendly computing,

aims to minimize the environmental impact of computing activities. It focuses on
designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computer systems in sustainable
and energy-efficient ways.

2 Reducing Energy Consumption

One of the core objectives of green computing is reducing energy consumption. This
can be achieved through various means, such as using energy-efficient hardware,
optimizing power management settings, virtualizing servers, and adopting effective
cooling strategies.

3 Benefits of Green Computing

Adopting green computing practices not only helps to preserve the environment but
also brings economic benefits. It can lead to significant cost savings through reduced
energy expenses, extended hardware lifespan, and decreased e-waste disposal costs.
 Web 3.0

The Future of the Web Connected Ecosystem Augmented Reality and

Virtual Reality
Web 3.0 represents the next Web 3.0 envisions a connected
evolution of the internet, where ecosystem of smart devices, Web 3.0 embraces technologies like
information is not only enabling seamless interoperability, augmented reality (AR) and virtual
interconnected but also more data sharing, and automation. It reality (VR), enriching user
accessible and intelligent. It is facilitates the integration of interactions and enabling immersive
characterized by technologies physical and digital worlds, experiences. AR and VR
like artificial intelligence, empowering users with applications range from gaming and
machine learning, blockchain, personalized and context-aware entertainment to education and
and semantic web. experiences. industrial simulations.
Internet of Things (IoT)
1 Connecting the Physical World

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical

devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors,
software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data.

2 Unleashing Innovation and Efficiency

IoT has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare,

transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, and smart homes. It enables real-
time monitoring, automation, predictive maintenance, and data-driven
decision-making.
3 Addressing Challenges and Security

As IoT expands, it brings forth challenges related to data privacy, security,

interoperability, and scalability. Addressing these challenges requires robust
cybersecurity measures, industry standards, and effective governance
frameworks.
 Artificial Intelligence
1 What is AI ?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in
machines that are programmed to think, learn, and problem solve. It
encompasses subfields like machine learning, natural language processing,
computer vision, and expert systems.

2 Applications of AI
AI finds applications in various domains, such as healthcare, finance, retail,
automotive, and customer service. It powers chatbots, recommendation
systems, autonomous vehicles, fraud detection algorithms, and personalized
user experiences.

3 Ethical Considerations
As AI advances, ethical considerations around privacy, bias, job displacement,
and accountability become crucial. Responsible AI development and
deployment should prioritize transparency, fairness, and human-centric
values.
Machine Learning
Automated Data Analysis

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms

that enable machines to learn and make predictions or decisions based on data. It
involves automated data analysis, pattern recognition, and iterative model improvement.

Supervised vs. Unsupervised Learning

Machine learning can be categorized into supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
In supervised learning, models are trained on labeled data to make predictions, while in
unsupervised learning, models discover patterns and relationships in unlabeled data.

Real-World Applications

Machine learning is utilized in various industries, including healthcare, finance, marketing,

cybersecurity, and autonomous systems. It powers applications like medical diagnostics,
fraud detection, personalized recommendations, and self-driving cars.
AI, ML & DL
 Big Data and Data Analytics

Big data refers to the massive volume, variety, and velocity of data generated from various
sources, such as social media, sensors, and digital transactions. It poses challenges in terms of
storage, processing, and analysis.

Data analytics applies techniques and tools to uncover hidden patterns, correlations, and
insights from large datasets. It enables organizations to make informed decisions, optimize
processes, identify trends, and gain competitive advantage.

The use of big data and data analytics has transformed industries, including marketing,
healthcare, finance, and logistics. It offers opportunities for personalized marketing campaigns,
predictive healthcare analytics, risk management, and supply chain optimization.