01.
AUTO CAD
Introduction-
CAD is an advance computer software that is used for creating designs and generate technical drawings in 2D
and 3D by engineers, architects and drafters.
CAD - Computer Aided Design.
CADD - Computer Aided Design & Drafting.
Auto CAD is a commercial operating system software.
It is developed by Autodesk company (America) in December 1982. UPPCL JE 2022
Founder - John Walker, Father - Mike Riddle.
Latest version auto CAD 2022.12
Civil Engineering Smart Scan 240 YCT
Menu bare is located below the title bar. ARRAY Command AR
OFFSET Command O
POLYGON Command POL
TRIM TR
Polyline PL
CIRCLE Command C
ELLIPS Command EL
Property Palette Ctrl + 1
To design Center Palette Ctrl + 2
Tool Palette Ctrl + 3
Sheet Set Palette Ctrl + 4
Close the application window Alt + F4
Displays the text window Alt + F2
Displays the macros dialog box Alt + F8
Close the current drawing Ctrl + F4
Move the next file tab Ctrl + F6
Toggles markup set manager Ctrl + 7
Toggles the quick calc palette Ctrl + 8
Toggles the command line Ctrl + 9
window
Selects all the objects in drawing Ctrl + A
that are not locked or frozen
Toggle snap Ctrl + B
Copies objects to the clip board Ctrl + C
Copies objects to the window Ctrl + Shift + C
clipboard with base point.
To paste the copied object Ctrl + Shift + V
Toggles dynamic UCS Ctrl + D
Toggles running object snaps Ctrl + F
Toggles grid display mode Ctrl + G
Toggles the coordinates display Ctrl + I
Deselect the selected object Shift + click on to
be deselected object
Command and its shortcut key- Repeats last command Ctrl + J
DSSSB JE 2022, UPPCL JE 2021-22
Inserts a hyperlink Ctrl + K
RSMSSB JE 2020-21, ISRO Draughtsman 2016
Toggles Ortho mode Ctrl + L
Command Short Key
Open/Creates a new drawing Ctrl + N
LINE Command L Opens an existing drawing Ctrl + O
CHAMFER Command CHA
Saves the current drawing Ctrl + S
FILTER Command FI
ARC Command ARC Displays the save as dialog box Ctrl + Shift + S
AREA Command AA Pastes data from the window Ctrl + V
FILLET Command F clipboard
RECTANGLE Command REC Redo the last undo action Ctrl + Y
EXPLODE Command X Toggles 3-D object snap mode Ctrl + Shift + Y
SCALE Command SC To undo the last action Ctrl + Z
POINT Command PO Plot the current drawing Ctrl + P
Civil Engineering Smart Scan 241 YCT
Important Command and their use- (iii) 3-D CAD (3-D object)
RSMSSB JE 2020, ISRO Draughtsman 2019 (iv) 3-D wireframe and surface modeling
Command Use (v) Solid modeling (solid geometry)
Name Functionality area of CAD-
OFFSET To draw the parallel object at a specified There are four category
distance.
(i) Geometric modelling
FILLET To create rounded edges between (ii) Engineering analysis
perpendicular lines.
(iii) Design review and evaluation
TRIM To remove reusable parts of an object.
(iv) Automate drafting
ERASE Remove the object from a drawing.
PURGE To remove from the drawing.
Process of designing-
There are six steps for designing
PAN To change the cross hair cursor in to hand
cursor. (i) Recognition of need
MEASURE To create a vertical and horizontal rays from (ii) The definition of a problem
the location of the pointing device and divide (iii) Synthesis
the object in predefine length. We can also (iv) Analysis and optimization
measure the distance or area. (v) Evaluation
DONUT Create solid circle or ring. (vi) Presentation
LINE Create straight line. Units in Auto CAD-
X LINE Draw a line of infinite length. ISRO Draughtsman 2019
There are five units available in Auto CAD-
X ATTACH To attach a drawing in another drawing. (i) Architectural Unit-
EXPLODE To break the poly line in individual It is based in feet and inches and use fractions to
1"
segment . represent partial inches for example 12', 4 . The
2
JOIN To convert individual objects into polyline. base unit is the inch unless otherwise specified, so if
OOPS To restore the erased object. you enter a number like 147.5, then Auto CAD will
SCALE To enlarge or reduce size of selected object. 1"
under stand it to be 12', 3 .
CHAMFER To level edge of an object. 2
BLOCK To create block of object which I want to use (ii) Decimal Unit-
regularly in different drawing. It is not based on any particular real world unit with
LAYER To create layer decimal unit each unit in the drawing could
HATCH Fill an enclosed area or selected object with a represent an inch, a millimeter, a for long a fathom,
hatch pattern, solid fill or gradient fill. or any other unit of measure you deem suitable for
ORTHO 0
To draw normal (90 ) straight line. example 15.5.
(iii) Engineering Unit-
Use of function key in Auto CAD-
It is based in feet and inches and use decimals to
Function Key Use represent partial inches for example 12'3.5".
F1 Online/Offline help/Displays help (iv) Fractional Unit-
F2 History of command/toggle b/w Fractional unit is same as the decimal unit both unit
drawing screen to text screen are unit less and show values as fractions rather than
F3 Snap on/off 1
decimal numbers for example 15 .
F4 3D snap on/off 4
F5 Switch isoplane on/off (Isometric (v) Scientific Unit-
view) It is also unit less and show value as exponents. It is
F6 Dynamic UCS on/off used for drawing really tiny or really large things. If
F7 Grid on/off you design molecules or galaxies, this is the unit
type for you.
F8 Orthographic mode on/off
Example- 15.5 E + 06 = 15,500,000
F9 Snap with grid point on/off 15.5 E – 06 = 0.00001550
F10 Snap with polar point on/off
Work space available in Auto CAD-
F11 Object snap tracking These are classified in to 4 parts.
F12 Dynamic input on/off 1. Drafting and annotation
Type of Auto CAD- 2. 3-D Basic
(i) 2-D CAD (Flat drawing) 3. 3-D Modeling
(ii) 2.5-D CAD (Prismatic model) 4. Auto CAD Classic
Civil Engineering Smart Scan 242 YCT
Methods to draw circle in Auto CAD- Method of object selection -
1. Center radius method (i) Window selection - Select the whole object from
2. Center diameter method left to right under blue block.
3. 2 - P method (ii) Crossing window - Select the any part of object
from right to left under green block.
4. 3 - P method
Modern CAD system-
5. Tan - tan radius method
In modern CAD system ICG is used. The interactive
6. Tan - tan - tan method
computer graphics denotes a user oriented system in
Methods to operate line command in Auto CAD- which the computer is employed to create, transform
There are 4 method to operate line command and display data in the form of pictures or symbols
1. Cartesian coordinate method ICG consists software and hardware components.
2. Relative Co-ordinate method Short Name-
3. Relative polar method UCS User Coordinate System
4. Free hand method WCS World Coordinate System
Important Point- COA Council of Architecture
Sides in polygon- ICG Interactive Computer Graphics
Maximum- 1024
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
Minimum- 3
LTS Line Type Scale
While drawing a circle using three point method, all
Auto Automatic Computer Aided Design
three point are taken on the circumference of the
CAD
circle.
The Co-ordinate of cursor in graphics window are Architects Act 1972-
visible in STATUS bar. This act provide registration to architects.
Enactment date - 31 May 1972.
Distance between two adjacent point in grid-
Enforcement date 2 April 1973.
(i) When new file is open with imperial - 0.5.
Location of different room as per Vastushastra-
(ii) When new file is open with metric - 10.
The size of object can be change or object can be
displaced with the help of grip point.
Five grip point are present in a circle.
Objects are rotated about base point.
Relative coordinate system is designed by- @
Points to define rectangle and line command-
2 (starting and end point)
Minimum layer in Auto CAD drawing is - 1.
Number of snap point depends on the object.
Object can be rotate around the base point.
Default size of CAD graphics window in metric-
420 (H) × 297(V)
The Maximum number of view port in Auto CAD-
4.
Type of File Extension
Auto CAD file (save file) .dwg Specification functionality area of auto CAD–
(i) Design
Layer states manager file .las
(ii) Analysis
Auto CAD file (not save) .v$
(iii) Visualization
Auto save .sv$ Note-
The character limit for dwg file name is - 256. STADD Pro - Used for structural analysis and
Maximum limit of error in drawing - 0.25 mm design.
Civil Engineering Smart Scan 243 YCT
