Explanation (Characteristics)
1.Tanker Ships: Designed for transporting liquid cargo like oil, chemicals, and LNG with specialised hulls,
cargo handling systems, and safety features.
2.Container Ships: Carry standardised cargo containers using containerisation, with efficient hull
designs and cargo securing systems.
3.Bulk Carriers: Transport unpackaged dry bulk cargo like coal and grain with large cargo holds and
reinforced hulls.
4.General Cargo Vessels: Versatile ships for mixed cargo, including palletised and bulk materials, with
multiple cargo holds.
5.Ro/Ro Ships: Designed for vehicles and wheeled cargo with loading ramps and secure decks for easy
loading and unloading.
6.Passenger Ships: Carry passengers on national and international voyages, ranging from small ferries to
large cruise ships.
7.Load Lines and Tonnages: Load lines indicate safe loading depth; tonnages measure ship capacity and
weight.
8.Nautical Measurement Units: Standard units for distance, weight, and volume in maritime operations.
9.Main Parts and Directions on Ships: Key parts include the keel, hull, decks, and rudder; directional
terms aid navigation.
10.Ship Construction: Structural elements like the keel, hull, and bulkheads ensure strength and safety,
with double hulls for extra protection
Types
1.Tanker Ships (Types):
Oil Tankers: General Purpose, Medium Range, Large/Long Range I & II, VLCC, ULCC
Product Tankers: Coastal Size, Small Size, Handy Size, Handymax, LR1, LR2
Crude Oil Tankers: Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax, VLCC, ULCC
Chemical Tankers: IMO Type 1, IMO Type 2, IMO Type 3
Gas Carriers: LNG (Conventional, Q-Flex, Q-Max, CNG Carrier), LPG (Fully Pressurised, Semi-Pressurised/Refrigerated,
Fully Refrigerated)
Bitumen Carriers
Wine and Edible Oil Tankers
2.Container Ships (Types):
Feeder Ships: Small Feeder (<1000 TEU), Feeder (1000-2000 TEU), Feedermax (2000-3000 TEU)
Panamax and Neo Panamax
Post-Panamax
Ultra-Large Container Vessels (ULCV)
Malacca Max Container Vessel
3.Bulk Carriers (Types): 4.General Cargo Vessels (Types):
Handysize Coastal Ships (~3000 DWT)
Handymax (Supramax) Ocean-Going Ships (~45000 DWT)
Panamax and New Panamax
Capesize
Very Large Ore Carriers (VLOCs), Chinamax, Valemax
5.Ro/Ro Ships (Types): 6.Passenger Ships (Types):
Pure Car Carriers (PCC) Ferries
Pure Car Truck Carriers (PCTC) Ocean Liners
ROPAX (Roll-on/Roll-off Passenger) Cruise Ships (Mega, Large, Midsized, Smaller Midsized, Small)
GenRo/RoLo (Roll-on Lift-off) Adventure Cruise Ships
ConRo (Combination Ro/Ro and Container Ships) River Cruise
Dimensions
1.Tanker Ships
Oil Tankers:
Coastal Size: 3,001 - 10,000 DWT
Small Size: 10,001 - 19,000 DWT
Handy Size: 19,001 - 25,000 DWT
Handymax: 25,001 - 45,000 DWT
Large/Long Range I (LRI): 45,001 - 70,000 DWT
Large/Long Range II (LRII): 70,001 - 100,000+ DWT
2.Container Ships
Feeder Ships:
Small Feeder: <1000 TEU
Feeder: 1000 - 2000 TEU
Feedermax: 2000 - 3000 TEU
Panamax: ~5,000 TEU (32.31 meters wide)
Neo Panamax: Up to 13,000 TEU
Post-Panamax: 5,000 - 13,000 TEU
Ultra Large Container Vessel (ULCV): 20,000+ TEU
Malacca Max: 21m draft, 27,000 - 30,000 TEU (not yet in service)
3.Bulk Carriers
Handysize: 10,000 - 40,000 DWT
Handymax (Supramax): 50,000 - 60,000 DWT
Panamax: 65,000 - 80,000 DWT
New Panamax: Up to 120,000 DWT
Capesize: 150,000+ DWT
Very Large Ore Carriers (VLOC): Up to 400,000 DWT (360m length, 65m breadth, 25m draft)
4.General Cargo Vessels
Coastal Ships: ~3,000 DWT
Ocean-Going Ships: ~45,000 DWT
5.Ro/Ro Ships
Measured in RT or CEU (Car Equivalent Units)
No specific numerical dimensions provided in the document
6.Passenger Ships
Ferries: 40 to 600 passengers
Ocean Liners: 1,500 to 2,000 passengers
Cruise Ships:
Mega Cruise Ships: 5,000+ passengers, above 135,000 GT
Large Cruise Ships: 2,500 - 3,500 passengers, 100,000 - 135,000 GT
Midsized Cruise Ships: 1,500 - 2,500 passengers, <100,000 GT
Smaller Midsized Cruise Ships: 800 - 1,500 passengers, ~50,000 GT
Small Cruise Ships: <700 - 800 passengers
Relationship and Usage BU SORU ÇOK UZUN
Question 1: Tanker Ships
Explanation (Characteristics):Tanker ships are vessels designed specifically to transport liquids in bulk. They carry various
cargoes such as crude oil, refined petroleum products, chemicals, liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG), and food-grade liquids like vegetable oils and wine. Key characteristics include:
Hull Design: Wide beam and deep draft for stability, often with double hulls for spill protection and efficiency.
Propulsion Systems: Large diesel engines or environmentally friendly dual-fuel engines using LNG.
Cargo Handling Systems: Pumps, pipelines, and valves for safe loading and unloading.
Safety Systems: Inert gas systems, double hulls, and emergency shutoff systems.
Types:
Oil Tankers: General Purpose, Medium Range, LR1, LR2, VLCC, and ULCC.
Chemical Tankers: IMO Type 1 (most hazardous), Type 2, and Type 3.
Gas Carriers: LNG (Conventional, Q-Flex, Q-Max) and LPG (Fully Pressurized, Semi-Pressurized, Fully Refrigerated).
Specialized: Bitumen carriers, wine, and edible oil tankers.
Dimensions:
Ranges from coastal tankers (3,000 dwt) to ULCCs (564,939 dwt).
Question 2: Container Ships
Explanation (Characteristics):Container ships transport standardised intermodal containers (TEUs). Features include
hydrodynamic hulls, powerful diesel engines, advanced cargo handling equipment, and lashing systems for container
stability.
Types:
Feeder Ships: Small Feeder (<1,000 TEU), Feeder (1,000-2,000 TEU), Feedermax (2,000-3,000 TEU).
Panamax and Neo-Panamax: Up to 13,000 TEU capacity.
Post-Panamax: 5,000-13,000 TEU.
ULCVs: 20,000+ TEU.
Malacca Max: Designed for future capacities (27,000-30,000 TEU).
Dimensions:
ULCVs and larger container ships measure over 400m in length, with a beam exceeding 60m.
Question 3: Bulk Carriers
Explanation (Characteristics):Bulk carriers transport unpackaged dry bulk cargo such as coal, grain, and iron ore. Key
features include wide beams, flat bottoms, and reinforced hulls for dense cargo.
Types:
Handysize: 10,000-40,000 DWT.
Handymax/Supramax: 50,000-60,000 DWT.
Panamax/New Panamax: Up to 120,000 DWT.
Capesize: 150,000+ DWT, requiring open sea routes.
VLOC/Valemax: 200,000-400,000 DWT.
Dimensions:
Length: Up to 360m. Beam: 60m. Draft: 25m.
Question 4: General Cargo Vessels
Explanation (Characteristics):General cargo ships carry diverse commodities, including boxed, palletised, refrigerated, and
loose cargo. They feature multiple decks, holds, and onboard cranes or derricks for versatile operations.
Types:
Coastal ships (3,000 DWT) to ocean-going ships (45,000 DWT).
Dimensions:
Ranges from small coastal vessels to larger ocean-going designs.
Question 5: Ro/Ro Ships
Explanation (Characteristics):Roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) ships are designed for vehicle transportation. They feature ramps and
multiple decks for efficient loading and unloading.
Types:
PCC/PCTC: For cars and trucks.
RoPax: Combines vehicle and passenger transport.
RoLo: Hybrid vessels with crane-accessible decks.
ConRo: Combines container and vehicle transport.
Dimensions:
Cargo capacity measured in CEU or RT units; varying deck heights and adjustable ramp
Question 6: Passenger Ships
Explanation (Characteristics):Passenger ships transport people across national or international waters. Categories include
ferries, ocean liners, and cruise ships.
Types:
Ferries: For short, scheduled routes.
Ocean Liners: High-speed long-distance travel.
Cruise Ships: Luxury vessels for leisure trips.
Mega, large, midsized, and small cruise ships.
Dimensions:
Mega cruise ships accommodate 5,000+ passengers; small ships handle fewer than 800 passengers.
Question 7: Load Lines and Tonnages
Explanation:
Load Line: Indicates the permissible draft based on seasons and regions.
Tonnages: Includes gross tonnage (GT), net tonnage (NT), and displacement.
Draft/Freeboard: Draft is the distance between the keel and waterline; freeboard is the height above water.
Air Draft: Vertical distance from waterline to the highest fixed structure.
Drawings:
Illustrations of Plimsoll Marks, Load Line zones, and tonnage calculations.
Usage:
Ensure safety, regulate cargo, and calculate fees.
Question 8: Nautical Measurement Units
Explanation:
Distance: Nautical mile = 1.852 km.
Weight: Long ton = 1,016 kg, Metric ton = 1,000 kg.
Volume: 1 cubic meter = 35.31 cubic feet.
Speed: 1 knot = 1 nautical mile/hou
Question 9: Main Parts and Directions on Ships
Explanation:
Keel: The ship’s backbone.
Hull: Watertight body.
Decks: Horizontal structures covering the hull.
Superstructure: Above the deck, including accommodation and the navigation bridge.
Other Parts: Rudder, propeller, anchor, masts, bow thruster, etc.
Drawings:
Diagrams of ship sections and part labels.
Question 10: Ship Construction
Explanation:
Keel and Hull: Base and watertight body of the ship.
Framing: Longitudinal, transverse, and combined systems.
Bulkheads and Tanks: Provide compartmentalisation and storage.
Drawings: Structural diagrams of keels, hulls, and framing systems
