SPECTRUM CLASSES (CLASSES IX TO XII)

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NAME OF UNIT:
SOLUTIONS
UNIT - I
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
CLASS:

ADDRESS:
* H.NO.1, 2, 3 GOLF COURSE SCHEME AIRFORCE AREA,JODHPUR
NEW BAL VIDHYABHAWAN SCHOOL, OPP. ARIHANT HOSPITAL,MAIN PAL ROAD, JODHPUR
MOBILE NO.9887026093
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TYPES SoLUTIONS
UNIT I
(SoLUTIONS
It is Homogemeous mixture of to or
(') Li9id solutians : -
So|wte SOIvemt
S L Sugar soluton
mose than two Cornpmemts L L mixtrL aucshot &
Binary solution ’ contains two Compaments G
Water

ternary Solutfon ’ contasthreeCnonts L

Soft drink ( .
solutian’ Contumsfour Csmporets (2) Gagesus Solwttns:
uaternary Solte SOIvemt
BinySolutton Smoke (duet tAs)
Solute So/vent Humidity
which s pzesemnt im * Which present| ( ) G Ain
lesser 9uamt *y danger guamtity (3) Solid Solution8:’
which djssoives
Tn wbich dËscol etfn Solde Solvemt
ag. Solutfon
takes Piqce.
means Sotvent s wateK. S S Bsass (AllQ )
Sofid Solutin ’ Brass (Allay )
e9. (ii ) L Hydrated sat ag
Liquid Soltian’eg.SuAar Solton
Gasens Solttn’ eg. S
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Concentratim of aa Solution
Soltion meam
2) Volume . or by volume
Volme y V|Vi
the amnt of solute preset in the
ven quamtity sf the salvemt. It 0s applicabje when ne lig id is
dissoved in amother li9id.
Variaus Ways to erpress the Vot of the
Tot lCompnent vat. of the So ( ti on
)
Concemtrattm of Solwtim re Vat %.me qms votume of the
Copme
Mass . or by mass n Perr 00 Parts of the so| uton by Votume.
Tt is Unit dess qmd
Mass . = Mass P the Component xl00 deperds n kemp.
Tota masS the solutjon
Mass. memg mass f f the ethmo Watar = 92 mL
the lomponent meqm8 Vot ofP SoIuti n =l6o mL
Pere 1oo 9 of +he solutt VA
Vot/. of A VA +VB VB
Vot/ of B=
I t is
UnitlessWA and no* oepends ntemp3) VA+VB
Mass . f A= Mass/. ofB= pPm( Parts pex 1lim):’
WA+Wp WAtWg
Solute = Tt 1s appaicable when aaunt of solute s
Solvent Watur = 9 o9 VOryvery le thn cmant sf solvent.
SOIwtton e-g. Polltamts Present in ir, 9, dËssotWaved in
Tota) mass o ter.
Soltfom = l009 Hadess sf Water, Flvride ims in water
cacinogens (cance Causjmg ) Present in wgter.
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 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 03
PPm means paris of a Componemt by mass Motetactin js atio of o. mates s
Y by Vatume present im the Substamce to the TOtal. N mot
mitim pants
% the Sojstign. the so|uti om.
I t is Utkes amd not nedepends on temp.
PPm by mass = Mass o the Compnemt nA
Total mass the solytin
|Tt is Unites and not depends n Temf.
* In a solution Sun o ote +ractms
PPm = Mass. xIo Otoau the Compments uie beWAe9ual
ONE
A3oltion comtajms s ppm chlosfom
Im watr meqn8 XA + XBt -
WA +we
Solte = chlosofrn =
Solvet Water Q Calewwata mote Fractin sf each Crmpmot
Mass o 30|4ti an = for Huese sotution.
Cmetar mass of Hcse = 180|mok )
4) Moje - Fraction (x):’
Given m ss 909 91
Mat mss
M "aucoeT80 =5
X = NO. of mots the Substamce +5
TOtal. NO. o mds of Solution
the, Total mos 5

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 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 04
(a) Molaity o a Solutjon (M) QL A sOlutlon formed lay dissotving 6:3 g ot
NO. o mos
Oxalie qcid m A00 mL of
water. cacuat
M = Solute molaity (M'M. of o A. = |2 6 9 ]mDe )
Vot the
solutin in Lites
Molaity mmeam8 NOof mot8 o so|ute A9. Glcose labeled as 4o. ww.
(Ang=M
dissaved in Per Lite sp he its caelat
UN0T : mol mot
solutjon. is
motarity
I: 28(m.
it density sf the solution
= M
L
dm 3. Caelate molaity s
(Ans= M)
Tt depend& on temp Bcoz 30mL f
Vot also
dperds mtemp. O5 MH,So diluted to 5sD mL. (Ans = 0 03
M= Mass of Solute Consjder
Metr mass o x Vot G
|(G) Molatity (m);
Solute Solytlom Solvent = A
M= Mass oP sovemt in kg Kg
qnd ot depend
V(m mL) molality means NO. of on temp
mos of Solute
Oissotved pere kg. o solvent
Relationship blw Molxity De: mass oP solute
qmd mass . ’ d= density f Ma = olar mq ss of
the solutian Solute
mass/. xd x (0 in 8]m WA = mass s
Mola mass of Sol4te Solvemt
Molality is
Eq4ati¡n dying dilutfon : e<pressimg the considered bettert foy
cm: as Compared
M,V, MaV afterdilyti molarity Bcoz motatity doesnottocharge
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temperature.
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 05
Molaity amd mo larity almost becsnes SoLUBILITY OF SoL IDS AND 4ASES
Same wben density 6f the solutim is IN LI801DS :’
4 almL ' solution is Very-very dilte. Solubility means maxj mum amunt oe
&i. aelate the mass of Urea
(NHCONH) Solte whjch can be dissolve d in
eqlyred to make Q:s Kg st o-smoad Specitic amant of soivend at perticur
Solutton ( MM. of UTea =60) (Ans= 3S2) temp.
. Caleulate Asolubikity of sotids in ligwds ;
molatity
4cose sOlutfon.
o 1o/. w|w
(Ans o-sl mot|Ka (i Natuse f the solude and the soIVent
Relatlonship blw oolaliky(n) end ike dissolves Aike"
molaity (M)’ Polar So|ute di.sso |ves in Polar Soent qnd
non- Po lar Solte dissolves in nn- Polar Solvemt
m= (MXI68D)
CdlsD)-(M x molarnass o , effect of temparature :
Solute
d= demsiy of the Solutfon in am L * Fo exothermjc process (AH-ve) sojubjlity
of solute decTeases n dCreasig the
Q3. Caclade molality of 2 M temp. e-g. Dissolytin of Liso4, Na,cog 100,
GIMcse Some caium sats of orgamic acid&.
Solutiam,
is
s density of the solut(on
* Fos endothermie process (AH=+ve) solubility
Ams :
Inneases m Tnereasing the temp
39mo kg Solubility of KNo, NHyc, ke, Nac, kz
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 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No, -:
(8) Solubifity of Ghases in liquidstPgo = kHgas
KH Unit
Unit of ky bar of
atm
() Effect of temp;The
gas
Solubility of a Value of KH depends on +he natuee gthe gas
decreases with imeTeas e in temp Boz kH Temf.
disoltin of gas in liq ud is exothermjc More the Valw o kH amd less iI be the
Qi- why ag. animals feels ProceSs. Solubitity of gas
Cotd
more comfostable tt51 ky -I1g1 345t Solubidity
Watur ham Narm
Ans:. due to more Solubilty water
3
of o, in
Wate in
(úi) Eff ect of catd water Sonabiuish Applicatins
Pcatins of Henry's Law ;
eg Pressure’
dissoltton of o, in Blsd, dissol ution Tenp) ineTe To
Solubjdity Co
Soda Water qmd Soft
ase the of
f O, in lo ke waterr drinks,the bottle
in cod dinks Soda waterr.
dissolutfn Sealed ndex bigh pressuTe.
(2) In Hiuy qreas , d to bigh altitudes
(HENRY's LAW: the ad mospheric poessyse is Lsw thm
It States that, the at gownd kevel This ests im Lsw Con
Partia Pressure of 4s is directy of O, im blsud ot the people iving at
Proporti mal to the mote FTAc0on sf hih atitydes o Mantain caimder3. This
the 2as in the so/ution. Lsw Cok. f O, in BlGod causes weakness
Pgas o Xgas amd Teduce the thinking abi2ity knum as
Amoxia AItitude Sickness
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Q Hemry's Law Constqmt foy Co, im watee is
(3) Scwba divimg :’ whem the diver |67 x I0 Pa at 298 k CaUelate t e
Comes towads the SuTface the pressTe water
Zuantty of cO, in 50o mL of Soda
decveases , N, Csmes out of the boðy quicky when packed under a5 atm co, Pressure
amo Fosma bubbles im the blsvd s#ream at 298 k (4 atm= I-o1325 xIoPa )
These bubbles restrict blsod Fl6w (Amsz |:85 8)
affect the trgmsmissian o meve impuses
even burst the capill aries as block them. SVA POUR PRESSURE OF LIQUID
This condiion is Called THE BGNDS ut egilibrl um
TO qvoid this Canditim a is dilted oth rate of rate of
heliu gas (=s6.2 /,9,32z He- ||:4) ýapaw, evaprattoncmdensation
8coz of Smau bize of He atoms they * The Pressure exented by
Cam pass thomgh ceu wals witht the vaPrwrs above the
damaginy hem. RTguid ;|Rigwid surface at egutibriur
4 IH N, gas Is bubbled thgh watue at vem temp. is caed
293 k Hsw many males of N, gas Wawd
Vapowt- pressyre.
dissotve im 4L 6 watet. ASSume that () Vp. is depemds on the natune t i9uid
partal pressyre of 0"987 bar
The ku For N, ot 293 k 1s 76-48 xIo ba Fosce of attratin amomgeiqud
motecules.
(Ans = 0. 716 Io mo) 3 Vp Temp.
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why is igid ammnia bottle fizst PA = Patial v.p. A" Pa = Pntial V.P. of
cooled in Ice before openng
(Ans. TO Teduee the Vp. f state Stamdard state
Riqid NH) XA = mote FractHon of A" Xa= mote Fractton
more Volate Suhstame has more Vip. im solution of 8" in
4 atmn = 760 mm of H9 76otorY Ik Solwte is n Votate then Po ls ZeO
|·o132 s bar
Bo To tal pTeSSUTe PA PA XA
1 Paslal = l05 ba
Mote FTacn oP A" Partial Vp.of A
RAOULTS LAW Vapaur phase TOta Vp.
It State that partial Vapur Põessure Mole Fsaction of B Partial vpof B
of Volatile Campment is
Proporkinal to its moe Fraction in directy Vapowe phase Tot al Vp.
Solutim. Q. VP o Pyre Bemzene s O"25s6 bar qnd
Pox Vp o Pure Tolyeme is O.O925 bar t
the note Fracjon of benzeme in Solu
e-9. Component A tfon
is O40 (i)
Csolvemt) calcwae Tota v'p.
( volatile) (Ü)
Cvolatila ) Calctata mote Fraction o each
PA XA
PA = PA XA Pa = Pe X8 (Ans TP. = 0.)S 8bal Bee Ob48
Total. V.p. of The sojutin = PAtPa =PAAtPge O351
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2 The vp. of Pure Aiguids A and B are e9. Benzeme qmd Tolyene
450 and oo mm Hg at 350k respect. n- Hexame qnd n- Heptame
Fimd sut the Composition of the liqid Boomoethame qmd Jodo ethane
mixture it T. p. is 60 choro bemzee qmd bromobenzeme.
600 mm H9.
also
the Compasition in vaprr phase . tind|*Tdel So utiom cam be prepre
amd sot vemt have Similar
when Solw
(Ans XAOy in Vapour phaae Styctue amd
XA O.3 polaity. PA
TP.= PA +PB
TYPES OF SoLUTIONS PA

A) Tdeal Solutim X =) ’ mote XA=0

Fract.
tis It obey's Rao l's Law. XB =0 <B=L

(u') Frce of attrqctin Frce o attractio Non- Tdeal So| utiom8

among onstecles ammg moteewes
before míxing fter mixing does mot obey's Raoud's Lqw
A-A imteracj¡n = B-B 1nteracton =A-B A-A id + B- int A-8 `mteractin
interoctin 4Hmix +o
(IV) AVmix #0
() Tp PA +Pe= PA *A + PeB
(V) Tp. + PA+Pe
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TYPes of Non- Tdeal Solution (2) N - Tdeal So|4tins Showing + Ve
deviation From Raow's Lqw;
C)Nan-Tdeal
Ve
Soluti ms Showing A) Force of attractiom beCsTmes
æ)
deviation Fom Raowt's Law: tham Force of attraetim befure weaker
mjxIng
Fasce of atracion be *Mens there is Breaking of
tham force of attra ctÉ ¡ncormes strnget qfter mfximg . H-Bonding
mizin9 before A-Bint < A-A qnd B-B interaction
Mens Formation af H-Bonding qfter ) 4H mix = +ve Cend otheroic ) Heat oi)
mizimgint
A- B
A-A B-B interactlom
Solutn becsmes Cold.
absotb.

T 0Hmix =-Ve ()AVmi+Ve (v ) T:P> PA +Pe

(exotherrmic)
Heat wi) seleae amd e9. ethamo & Cyclo
Solut becomes Wqrm.resutamt hexame
Benzerme and Acetme
(Üi ) AVmx= -Ve Cl4. qmd chosoform
(v) T-p. <PA+PB
Form maximun Boiing qzeotropes. HgOH nd water
Acetone Qnd chlosoform
V"p
CE0--- H-cI
chl orofom amd XA=) mote XA=0
HNO3 T
HNoa
’ moter.a1
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Azeot rOPes ö" Azeot opic mixtues (2 ) Minimm Boiling azeo ropes :
CmstQt Boiimg mìxtures + e3. mixtre of 9s1. HO nd S. ethonol

Azeotropes are non- Tdeal solutims inohich 3p op ethamol = 8-3c

Comyposition of the Components s same B.p. of Solution = 7gc
In iquid and Vapr Phase B.p. of the qzeotopjc mixture is
iA
less than the bojaina pornt of individuals
8oiling point x Vaprue preSTe n at is Formed by the 0n-Tdeal Solu tin
TYpes of 4zeotropes Shoo ing + ve deviatí Frm Raot's Law.
() Maxìmun 8oiling azeotropes ’
eg. mixture of 68/. HNO, qmd 327. Ho fcOLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES):’
NO. of Soluta pazticles im solvtion
colligetive
PopetY s
o concentTation sf the soltion.
Bp. sf 4o = looc
8P of soJutin =120c a The pToperty of the soutian wnich depemds
Tn it B·p. of qzeotropic mixtre is my mthe no · f solute particles or
mse tham the Boitimg point of Concentration of the Soltian t
indiviad ual&. does not dapermds upon the natune
Tt is Formed by the non-Tdea) 2 the Solute Particles
So|utimms Shswing ve deviation foar
Roous Lqw.
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TYPes sf Colligative Properties;(PÅ-PA PA = V·P: 6F solutio
() Relative LoWering im Vapu esre P'A XB= nste Fraction st
Solute
On adding non-volatile Solute to the
Volatile solvet v.p. o the solutfn
PA -PA ng MB
P'A wA WB
decreases Bco2 of decreasim9 +he MA M8
mote - Fractin oP SOIvent qnd this PA-PA wB MA
ditferemce is caled Lswring in VP. PA nA MeA we= mass o solute
Lowering im vp. Loith
Vp oP4re Sotvet respect to the PA -PA We. MA Mg= msr mass o
Sojste
1s cale d WA = mass o
Relative Lswring in Vp, Ma.wA Solvet
MA = mgr m45s
sovemt - Psojutten = Lowerng im in v-p. 9The
A
v.p. of Pure bemzeme is
o.g5o bar
mOn-volatile
Psorvemt -Psorution Relati ve loering added to 39 9 o SoRid weighing 059 when
P'sovent im VP Vp. sf- Benzeme( motarmyz78)
TP. = PA + Pe /P= o A=Sovent Callate Solutlanthem Is
motat nmass0-845 ba .
B coz Solwte is of sstute (Ans=l7o)|
. Callulato the mass o n
on-Vtadiesolute
TP = PA =PA XA we Kn t Cmotat mass Uo) whjch Shod be
XA + XB=) dissotved in I|49 octqme(Hg) to
PA = PA(I-xe)
=
reduce it8 V·p to 80.
PA = Pa-PA Xa CAns lo9 8)
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 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 13
2) Elevation im Boiling Poimt (4T) It has been found out expeifnentally that the
The B-p. of a iq çd is the temp e kvatiom n BP.(ATb) of a solutian is
It& VP. becomes egual to at which Proportianal to the molatity of the solution
Pressne ( atm). atmas pheie 4T6 m Kb= mGtal Boiling point
vp. Temp elevatin coñstqt a
ATb = kbm) ebullioscoPjc c¡nst
adding
mn-vo latile Solwte to the Unit sf Kb = k
Volatile Solyent p. of the Sol tf when mataiy fo the sotution is kg.moL
mo2|kg
decreds es amd Bp. Jncreases. then ATb Kb
amd +his incre asing im B-p. is caled kb daponds on he
matune a the Solvent
e levatin im Bp.
Elevaton im B-p. = Bps solutim B.p.sf MB" WA
SOVent 4 The 8-p. of
Benzeme is 353-23k when
T6 = B-p.
ATb z Tb-Tb
= 3p
solutim I 82 of a nam- Volatile Solute was
o P4re Solnt dissolved in q0
benzemethe B"P 5
Latm . sajsed to 354-| k . calwate the mofar
SoIvent
masS s Solte (kb = 253 k - Kg.mo4 )
S O j l o n

AQ. BPof watr at (An&57-5m)

H6w much 1S0 Mm H9 IS g9-63 C.
sugarr s to
of water Sych that it be added to soD9
C Kb fr Hh0= 0i522 k boils at I0o'c
-’ Terp(k)
Tb Kg.mo.
Motar mass GF SYjen =342 (Ans= (2179 )
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(3) Sepae ssion In Freezing Point (4T) Tt has been determined expeimemtally thtt
depressin in F. p. of a golution is Propotin
The freezing Point is the temp t which +the to the molaity 6f the solution.
Soid qmd the igid states Gf the Substqnce
Ke = molal F.P. depresia
have the Same Vap Constant o"
Tt has been observe +hat ohem a hmvolabiel m
T = ks- m molu CryoscoPIc
n-Volqle constqnt.
Solute is added to aSolvet the F.P. 6f he
SoltHom is a Ways dswer than that o the
pre sovent qmd this decrasing in F-p Ma WA
15 called epressim In Freezing point Ke is detimed qs the depsessian im fP
= Fp. sf Pre Fp. dSolytion
Solvet
*ci) Ati -freeze solutims:> Ethylene Hyco
ATf TfT in watex is Coromnly used 4 oH
S o l u t i o n
in Ca Tadiatrs whjch
Spectars
Canes
R6wes the F.P. 6P Water .
*(Ü ) Tn catd places, ace Y Cacl, aa
AT
A lrsre Wsed to clear Ssw mthe 0ad
Th is is &coz they depress the F- P. of water
1
and
Pal-Ro4d vp. to Such an extent that watar cannot
Preeze to foYm Tce Hence, it me Lts G
T Temp(K) easily
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) usge ethylene Ncot (GH9)ö mixed oith
600 9 of Water (aleutate
The minimum ercess preessuve ohich rmet
be appied to a Sol utiorn to top the
(i' ) Fp of Solutlom
Ckf toY HO= I·86 k K mol ) Am&=
Q25 k) A= RT
xRT
2) 1-0og of n )- ele ctolyte solute dissolved
In sog of benzeme lswered the F.p. f Me xv of. f the Solutian im mL
OOg3 Lbaeme
benzene
mass o
by Oy0K Fimd the mota
he Solute (ks 5-)2 k. K¡ mod) Reverse 0SmoSIS
R 0G22 L atm ra
’
( Ans = QSSa mo
Revese 0smosis meamg movemert Gf
moteeles Frsm more conctrutd
OSMOTIC PRESSURE (7) Solvemt
Soltlam to less con. Solutfon thragh Sfm
Semiper meable ’NatyTal: e9. SK)n, whem appied external presyre (P) n the
)
SOlti an is9reter then Osmot icpres
nembrqm e cele mebrqme,
CSpm) qrtifici l Bladde of Pi9
’e9. cellophqme* ssentia cmdiHon foY Revesse asmo41$
Cu [Fe(Ca),] Pappaied
Osmosis mems Spontameua mavement
Sotvet nGteeuleg from Appli catims of ReveTse Osmos is :’
less Cmcemtsated SolutËon to a (ç) purification sf water
high concemtTated solutl¡n
Semipmeabje membrame.
thryh úi ) oe Salination of sea water
fruit Tuce cam be concmtrated.
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SPectu claLses AT AIRFoRcE AREA & Mam PAL -RoAD -TODHp vR
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 16
L6
TY PES OF
SoLUTIONS ON THE BASIS()
OF (3) Hypotonic
HY Potonic Sojutiom8
Solution8:>
1> The So/ution
OSMOTIC PRESSURE () ’ whjch has Res Op.ttham other
)TSotonjc Solutin8: The oltjm8 Ress tham o9/ (olv) Nac solutin is
hypotonmic fos RBC
havimq same Op.
". o91/.(w|v ) Na (Salinewatee) When RBC I5 Placed in
is I HyPotomic So Iwtton It ojl|
SOtomic with RBC.
*When RB placed in Salime uwater it S we e to emdo - 0smo sIs
neither Sweu no Shamt. CHypotmic)
2) Hy pertomIc So|ution8 :’ The * OSmotic press re is he best
Solutm
wnich has mose Op.tham 0thet.
collig4tve
propety to aetermime the molar
f Solute BcozZ:’ mass
e 9. mse thqm o.gi./ wly) 9aasoluti on io
hypertrnic for RBC (i ) It 0s 9uu ck amd
whem RBC s placed im HY PertoncSolyeD (" ) It cam be acewata method
RBC win Shink de to exo-Smosis. üi ) It cam be measuTed qTmd r6om temp.
Th s pTO CeSs ls also caled SOJ4tim&. mcasredevenfur dilwte
psmolysis (/v ) Motariyothe soltton is used instead
RBC of molak ity
(V ) By it Mo ss
mass of
Hypertonjc
Solutln
Pody mers and othr pot
mac
ein8, genes
0-Moleeu
Can be mesure.
CHEMISTRY BY:K. P. SIR (KISHORE PARMAR) PGT CHEMISTRY DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
JODHPUR MOBILE: 9887026093
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No.-: 14
3
D. A00 cm
Cm o am ag. Solutioy of a protein ABNORMAL MOLAR MAss i’
Contaim8 1269 Gf the protejn . The O-p.
of Such a Solution at 3o0k is QsT0bat 77= CRT = M9 Mg XV
Calcuwate the olar mass of the protein. colllgatiVe propty x Concentration of the
Sojutfom
CR= o- 083 L bar moe (Ans= 6I0399)
| A s7 wy came Suger Solstim is Motar m4ss of SoJute
ISOtomje with o88/. Wly UTea. whem solte pqrticles under go associatlon
Calcutate the molar mass o Urea. or dissociation then No f sojute particles
(Molar mas of Came Sugart =342 mak ) iMeseases or decreages. bo the observed
molar mass wi4A be either mretham
(Ans= 60 glnal) le then actyalmotr mas (Nomay )
&3. Cacu ade +theop. in Pascals exerted Msar mas
by a Solutin prepared by dissolvimg Knsum as Abmal Motarr mass
4-0 9 of Pody mert of molaK mass
I8s 0o o in 4So m o Water at 37c Van't Hoff Factos (i) ?’
pascay) (Ans = 30:96 Pa ) Observed Colligat1ve Property
4. 36g of uCose disso |ve d pen litre op Actunl o WSma collg ative propenty
the solution has an O.p. o 498 bar
at 300k Tk the op. sf the Solutin Actua s NGrmal molar mass
|·Sa bar at the Same temp what Obser ved Motar mass
WO be jts Concentraton ?
CAns OO 6I M)
CHEMISTRY BY : K. P. SIR (KISHORE PARMAR) PGT CHEMISTRY DELHIPUBLIC SCHOOL JODHPUR MOBILE :9887026093
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -:
Vant Hoff factos may be desimed as Itis Casa-3 when solute umdexgo aociatin,
the ratio f nomal mot mas tothe
ObserVed mo lar mqss ofthe Solute C CoOH qmd HCooH ndergo q sSociatio
amd Fom dimer when Solvent Is nn-Polau
Case ’ whem solte meitherr undego o---HO CBenzene)
assocIatim nas disSocjati m
e9. GI4cose Sucro se UTea
(Acetie qcid)
(GH ) (Ga,9) (NCON) HO
|M obs. = M NH açH00H
Case-: whem soluto undergo dìssociation
(Benzoicqci d)
so-H
Mobs. MNoma!
kce wnen
kt+a n =2 , i=2 So|ute
Foy dissociatian Fag ASSociatiom
Mge, Mg+2e n=3, i: 3 umdergo
3+ degtee o dissociatjon degvee of associatin
ACas aLmost
Compeety
Na so n=3i=3
dissciai (-)
2 n= No. of Pa icles
+ 3504 n s i=s n= No. of Particies
A,k4(SQ4dg
[Fe(e),]’ 4 k'+LFeçN
Formed afte
dissociatim.
invotved im associatio
n; s (ka =Ca
|Mobs. Mayomal Ka = disSociqtion
CHEMISTRY BY :K. P. SIR (KISHORE PARMAR) PGT CHEMISTRY DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL JODHPUR MOBILE :9887026093
Constqnt
 LEARN CHEMISTRY WITH FUN Page No. -: 19
PA- PA CHFCOOH IS dËssorved in soo 9 of
PA
ix WB MA
Mg wA
Q4. 19-s 9
Wate AT# 15 1c .Cwate van't Hoff
factar , degree of dËssociatlon amd
MB.UA
dissociation camstamt Gf iven Qcid.
aTb = Lke m = i kb CKf f waten = |86 kkg moÍ )
Ma WA Mott mass of CHFCOOH = 78 3|moA
L CRT we xRTX IO00
Me Vat. oth Sojvtjon (Ang :- iz
(ML
aramge the follswng soluti n& in increasmg
oTder their OSmotic pTessTe. 5.etermime Osmotic Pressyre T c
IM GI4COse, IM Nso4,LM Nac, 4 M Aleg a solutin prepard by dissolving asmg
CQ. why op: of L MNOCA is nery twice of K,so in L 6f HO at ast . Assuming
that it is csmpletely disso ciated
a3. 29 of Benzoie acid (GHCooH) dissolved (mot mass sf k, soa = l74 3 mo)
In Qs9 f Benzeme, ShowS a depresS ion (Ans =0.0s26 atm )
Freezing pormt l·62 k, kefo EH 4:9 kgmoj. CHEMSTRy 8y kISHORE PARMAR
What is Vant H6ff actos amd degree of
P4T - CHemIsTRY, Ss -JODHpU R,
dissociatin of acid is it forms dimere
Cmota mgss of GHco0H |22 8|mol
OPECTRUM CLASS ES
* H- Áo.I, 2, 3, o1f Cuse Aoforce
(Ans:. i-o. 50 4 o= 0 992 )
Maim pal Road-TODHPUR
CHEMISTRY BY : K. P.SIR (KISHORE PARMAR) PGT CHEMISTRY DELHI PUBLICSCHOOL JODHPUR MOBILE:9887026093