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UNIT 4 Applets

The document provides an overview of Java Applets, including their advantages, drawbacks, lifecycle, and methods for execution. It details the hierarchy of applet classes, lifecycle methods, and common graphics operations using the Graphics class. Additionally, it includes examples of applet creation, image display, animation, event handling in JApplet, and a digital clock implementation.

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8 views8 pages

UNIT 4 Applets

The document provides an overview of Java Applets, including their advantages, drawbacks, lifecycle, and methods for execution. It details the hierarchy of applet classes, lifecycle methods, and common graphics operations using the Graphics class. Additionally, it includes examples of applet creation, image display, animation, event handling in JApplet, and a digital clock implementation.

Uploaded by

laita nikam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 4 Applets

Java Applet
Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the wkbpage to generate the dynamic content. It
runs inside the browser and works at client side.

Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:

o It works at client side so less response time.


o Secured
o It can be executed by browsers running under many plateforms, including Linux, Windows, Mac Os
etc.

Drawback of Applet
o Plugin is required at client browser to execute applet.

Hierarchy of Applet

As displayed in the above diagram, Applet class extends Panel. Panel class extends Container which is the
subclass of Component.

Lifecycle of Java Applet


1. Applet is initialized.
2. Applet is started.
3. Applet is painted.
4. Applet is stopped.
5. Applet is destroyed.
Lifecycle methods for Applet:
The java.applet.Applet class 4 life cycle methods and java.awt.Component class provides 1 life cycle methods
for an applet.

java.applet.Applet class
For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class must be inherited. It provides 4 life cycle methods of applet.

1. public void init(): is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked only once.
2. public void start(): is invoked after the init() method or browser is maximized. It is used to start
the Applet.
3. public void stop(): is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked when Applet is stop or browser is
minimized.
4. public void destroy(): is used to destroy the Applet. It is invoked only once.

java.awt.Component class
The Component class provides 1 life cycle method of applet.

1. public void paint(Graphics g): is used to paint the Applet. It provides Graphics class object that
can be used for drawing oval, rectangle, arc etc.

How to run an Applet?

There are two ways to run an applet

1. By html file.
2. By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).
Simple example of Applet by html file:

To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it. After that create an html file and place
the applet code in html file. Now click the html file.

//First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet
{

public void paint(Graphics g)


{
g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
}
}

myapplet.html
<html>
<body> <applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Simple example of Applet by appletviewer tool:

To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, create an applet that contains applet tag in comment and
compile it. After that run it by: appletviewer First.java. Now Html file is not required but it is for testing
purpose only.

//First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
}

}
/*
<applet code="First.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
*/

To execute the applet by appletviewer tool, write in command prompt:


Displaying Graphics in Applet
java.awt.Graphics class provides many methods for graphics programming.

Commonly used methods of Graphics class:


1. public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y): is used to draw the specified string.
2. public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): draws a rectangle with the specified
width and height.
3. public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill rectangle with the
default color and specified width and height.
4. public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to draw oval with the
specified width and height.
5. public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill oval with the
default color and specified width and height.
6. public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): is used to draw line between the
points(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
7. public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver observer): is
used draw the specified image.
8. public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int
arcAngle): is used draw a circular or elliptical arc.
9. public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int arcAngle): is
used to fill a circular or elliptical arc.
10. public abstract void setColor(Color c): is used to set the graphics current color to the specified
color.
11. public abstract void setFont(Font font): is used to set the graphics current font to the specified
font.

Example of Graphics in applet:


import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class GraphicsDemo extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){


g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("Welcome",50, 50);
g.drawLine(20,30,20,300);
g.drawRect(70,100,30,30);
g.fillRect(170,100,30,30);
g.drawOval(70,200,30,30);

g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillOval(170,200,30,30);
g.drawArc(90,150,30,30,30,270);
g.fillArc(270,150,30,30,0,180);

}
}
myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="GraphicsDemo.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
Displaying Image in Applet

Applet is mostly used in games and animation. For this purpose image is required to be displayed. The
java.awt.Graphics class provide a method drawImage() to display the image.

Syntax of drawImage() method:


1. public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver observer): is use

How to get the object of Image:


The java.applet.Applet class provides getImage() method that returns the object of Image. Syntax:

1. public Image getImage(URL u, String image){}


Other required methods of Applet class to display image:
public URL getDocumentBase(): is used to return the URL of the document in which applet is embedded.
public URL getCodeBase(): is used to return the base URL.
DD
Example of displaying image in applet:

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class DisplayImage extends Applet
{
Image picture;
public void init()
{
picture = getImage(getDocumentBase(),"sonoo.jpg");
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawImage(picture, 30,30, this);
}

}
In the above example, drawImage() method of Graphics class is used to display the image. The 4th argument of
object. The Component class implements ImageObserver interface. So current class object would also be treated a
indirectly extends the Component class.
myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="DisplayImage.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>
Animation in Applet

Applet is mostly used in games and animation. For this purpose image is required to be moved.

Example of animation in applet:

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class AnimationExample extends Applet {
Image picture;
public void init()
{
picture =getImage(getDocumentBase(),"bike_1.gif");
}

public void paint(Graphics g)


{
for(int i=0;i<500;i++){
g.drawImage(picture, i,30, this);
try{Thread.sleep(100);}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
}

In the above example, drawImage() method of Graphics class is used to display the image. The 4th argument
object. The Component class implements ImageObserver interface. So current class object would also be trea
indirectly extends the Component class.

myapplet.html

<html>
<body>
<applet code="DisplayImage.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

JApplet class in Applet


As we prefer Swing to AWT. Now we can use JApplet that can have all the controls of swing.

The JApplet class extends the Applet class.

Example of EventHandling in JApplet:


import java.applet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class EventJApplet extends JApplet implements ActionListener{
JButton b;
JTextField tf;
public void init()
{
tf=new JTextField();
tf.setBounds(30,40,150,20);
b=new JButton("Click");
b.setBounds(80,150,70,40);
add(b);add(tf);
b.addActionListener(this);
setLayout(null);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
tf.setText("Welcome");
}
}
In the above example, we have created all the controls in init() method because it is invoked only once.
myapplet.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code="EventJApplet.class" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Digital clock in Applet

Digital clock can be created by using the Calendar and SimpleDateFormat class. Let's see the simple example:

Example of Digital clock in Applet:

import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;

public class DigitalClock extends Applet implements Runnable {

Thread t = null;
int hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0;
String timeString = "";

public void init() {


setBackground( Color.green);
}

public void start() {


t = new Thread( this );
t.start();
}

public void run() {


try {
while (true) {

Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();


hours = cal.get( Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY );
if ( hours > 12 ) hours -= 12;
minutes = cal.get( Calendar.MINUTE );
seconds = cal.get( Calendar.SECOND );

SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss");


Date date = cal.getTime();
timeString = formatter.format( date );

repaint();
t.sleep( 1000 ); // interval given in milliseconds
}
}
catch (Exception e) { }
}

public void paint( Graphics g ) {


g.setColor( Color.blue );
g.drawString( timeString, 50, 50 );
}
}

In the above example, getX() and getY() method of MouseEvent is used to get the current x-axis and y-axis
returns the object of Graphics.

myapplet.html
1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <applet code="DigitalClock.class" width="300" height="300">
4. </applet>
5. </body>
6. </html>

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