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0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views80 pagesJava Unit-5 Cme Diploma
Uploaded by
Hari krishna NimmakayalaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Li)
5.0 APPLETS, AWT, EVENT HANDLING
1. APPLET:
© An applet is a special kind of Java program that runs in a dava enaty
ed
NX
9 the gM
b hy
TOWse,
© This is the first Java program that can run over the network Usin,
* Applet is typically embedded inside a web page and runs in the
In other words, we can say that Applets are small Java applicat
accessed on an Internet server, transported over Internet, and can
installed and run as apart of a web document.
HONS they
te
b a]
© tom t
© After a user receives an applet, the applet can produce a graphical
User ing
It has limited access to resources so that it can run complex comput,
1 < tons wig
introducing the risk of viruses (or) breaching data integrity, oy
2. AWT:
¢ Java AWT is an API that contains large number of classes and meth
1Ods toy
and manage graphical user interface (GUI) applications. aly
* The AWT was designed to provide a common set of tools for GU
could work on a variety of platforms. The tools provided by 1
implemented using each platform's native GUI toolkit, hence presen
and feel of each platform.
I design i
he AWy 3
Ving the loo
* This is an advantage of using AWT. But the disadvantage of such a
that GUI designed on one platform may look different when display
platform that means AWT component are platform dependent
5.1_BASICS OF APPLETS LIFE CYCLE OF AN APPLET |
5.1.1 Basics of Applets
rts
Nn approachis
/ed on another
* Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in ti
he webpage to generate the
dynamic content.
* It runs inside the browser and works at client side.
Advantages of Applet : There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:
1. It works at client side so less response time.
2. Secured.
3. Itcan be executed by browsers runnin
ig under many plateforms, including Lins
Windows, MacOs ete., Be ae
fy le
esting purpos, ).
1 tool (for testing purpose
1 By 1 tViewe!
tml file,
57" of Applet by htm |
F ample O I file, create an applet and compile ip
ye et by html
|g? se the aPP
ty
| file and place the applet Code in htm file. Now ¢
html
eate an
that
lick the html file,
let
rt java.applet.APP!
impo!
t.Graphics;
java.aw' let
eases First extends App!
lic
publ
ic vold paint(Graphics g)
old paint( hi
publi
4 “ :
drawString(“welcome”, 150,150);
gr 50,1
}
}
myapplet.html
eo oe
“Applet code="First.class” width="300
slapplet>
‘sIoody>
sthtmi>
st:
\d prompt
a ymant
fool, write in
eo *Xecute the applet by appletviewer tool,
_
“ava First java
_
Applet is state
2
Applet is initialized,
applet is stopped
4a
PPlet is painted,
PPlet jg destroyed, nl lass must be inherited, (ey
«For creating any applet java.applet.Applet class ed. It Previa
\
cycle methods of applet.
Initialization
Begin Load
Applet
start()
Display
paint)
1. public void init() : It is used to initialized the Applet. It is invoked only once
2. public void start() : It is invoked after the init() method (or) browser is Maximized j
used to start the Applet.
3. public void stop() : It is used to stop the Applet. It is invoked when Applets sop
browser is minimized.
4. public void destroy() : It is used to destroy the Applet. It is invoked only once
1. Initialization state (or) init() :
Applet enters the initialization state when it is first loaded, This is achieved’
overriding init() method.
public void init()
{
}
The init( ) method is the first method to be called.
* This is where you should initialize variables.
This method is called only once during the run time of applet.
With init() method following task may do.
2. Running state (or) start() ; yt
4()-This 8
* An applet enters in running state when system calls the start).
by overriding start() method, I} — method i called after init( ),
qhe stat
: i - called to restart an applet after jt has been Stopped Wh
: » Where i
: 9S init( ig Called
i time an applet is loaded start( )is calle each time an apple
: DY
' jg elayed onscreen. So, if a user leaves a wet Page and ‘
umes execution at start(), —
re
se (r) Stopped state (or) stop():
4 i
+ An applet become idle when it is stopped from Tunning. Thi
n at } IMIS is achieved by
overriding stop() method. .
[ public void stop()
* The stop( ) method is called when a web browser leaves the HTML document
containing the appletwhen it goes to another age, for example. When stop( )is
called, the applet is probably running. stop( ) method is also usedto suspend
threads that dont need to run. When the applet is not visible. It can be restarted
when start( ) is called if the user returns to the page.
4. Dead state (or) destroy() :
* Anappletis said to be dead when its removed from memory. This is achieved by
overriding destroy() method.
Public void destroy()
{
0
‘nes that applet
* The destroy( ) method is called when the environment determines that ap!
Dj "eds fo be removed completely from memory
* Display st +
Y State (or) paint() : erform some output
: i
Applet Moves to the display state whenever it has to pe
9
Perations on the screen, =
a - « This happen immediately after the applet enters into the running |
«The paint method is called to accomplish this task. This is achieveg by
ve
destroy() method. i,
tq
public void paint(Graphics g)
“|
5.2_ STEPS FOR DESIGN AND EXECUTE SAMPLE APPLET PROGRAM
* There are two ways to run an applet.
1. By html file.
2. By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).
* Simple example of Applet by html file.
(a
(b)
To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and compile it.
After that create an html file and place the applet code in html file. Now clicky,
htm! file. {
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet
ik
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(‘welcome”,150,150);
}
}
myapplet.html
aa jen?
7 Jet by appletviewer tool, write
cat the fides : In ©OmMmang Pr ay
{oe — First ove np
"(vl
cl
c:\>appletviewor FirstJava
| aa METHODS UPDATE) pp,
cs () Pay
P gh weCTANGLE, CIRCLES, POLYGONS NTO, ORAWing UNes,
Graphics cod
evices.
—
an abstract class that Provides the » —
e me —
4 908 10 accosy ifereny
pric
yet draw images on the screen, display images, and $0 forth
" ;
'
n abstract class because working with Graphics re
« his2!
Guires detaile,
on which the program runs, ale knowledge Of the
m
ghatfor
treactual work is done by concrete classes that are closely tied to a Particular platforn
' once we have @ Graphics object, we can call all the methods of the Graphics =
without cating about platform specific classes, :
+ Werarely need to create a Graphics object .
+ Isconstructor is protected and is only called by the subclasses that extend Graphics,
* AGraphics object is always available when you override a component's paint() and
update() methods,
|
* ltisthe sole parameter of the Component.paint() and Component.update() methods,
* Wecan also get a graphics context of a Component by calling Component.getGraphics(),
* The Graphics class defines a number of drawing functions.
* Each shape can be drawn edge-only (or) filled.
* Objects are drawn, and filled in the currently selected graphics color, which is black by
default, Whe
7.@ graphics object is drawn that exceeds the dimensions of the window,
Output is automatically clipped.
. Drawing Strings ;
‘ hese Methods let you draw text strings on the screen.
© Coordinates Tefer to the left end of the text's baseline. “thumehod
®) public abstract void drawString (String text, int x, a, screen in the
"WS text which is specified as the methods argument o
& current font and color, starting at position (x, y)-
ee __
void drawChars (char text{], int offset, int length, int . |
thod creates a String from the char array tex ‘s Ny
ontinuing for length characters. ting ’
(b) public
drawChars() me!
textloffset] and c :
n drawn on the screen in the
« The newly created String is the a 7
color, starting at position (x, ¥)-
«© The starting coordinates specify the left end of the String’s baseline,
(c) fpublic void drawBytes (byte text[], int offset, int length, int x, inty).
drawBytes() method creates a String from the byte array text stant he
text[offset] and continuing for length characters.
* This String is then drawn on the screen in the current font and color, starting
x
position (x, y). The starting coordinates specify the left end of the String’s bag,
2. Drawing Lines :
* public abstract void drawLine (int x1, int yl, int x2, int y2) : The drawLing
method draws a line on the graphics context in the current color that begins »
startX,startY and ends at endX,endY.
* If (x1, yl) and (x2, y2) are the same point, it will draw a point, There is ns
method specific to drawing a point.
Program using Draw line.
| import java.awt.*;
| import java.applet.*;
ir