VERY SIMILAR SAMPLE PAPERS 2.

0 ISC XII CHEMISTRY 2025

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CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
(THEORY)
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🏆 Full Marks: 70 ⏰ Time allowed: 3 Hours

Exam Guidelines 📝
🕒 Reading Time
❖ You have an additional 15 minutes for reading the question paper. Do not write during this time.

📋 General Instructions
❖ All questions are compulsory.
❖ Marks for each question are indicated in [ ] brackets.
❖ The paper is divided into four sections: A, B, C, and D with a total of 21 questions.

🧩 Section Breakdown
❖ Section A: 14 questions, 1 mark each. For MCQs, write only the option (A, B, C, or D).
❖ Section B: 10 questions, 2 marks each. Includes one internal choice.
❖ Section C: 7 questions, 3 marks each. Includes one internal choice.
❖ Section D: 3 questions, 5 marks each. Includes one internal choice.

📝 Answering Guidelines
❖ Work & Rough Work: Do all working and rough work on the same sheet as your answers.
❖ Equations & Diagrams: Use balanced equations and diagrams wherever needed.
❖ Numerical Problems: Show all essential steps to ensure clarity in your answers.
📊 Data for Problem Solving
❖ Gas constant (R):
➢ 1.987 cal/deg/mol
➢ 8.314 J/K/mol
➢ 0.0821 L·atm/K/mol
❖ Other Constants:
➢ 1 L·atm = 101.3 J
➢ 1 Faraday = 96500 C
➢ Avogadro’s Number = 6.023 x 10²³

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SECTION A – 14 MARKS
Question 1
(A) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [4×1]
[Fehling’s, ethanal, iodoform, MnO₂, +7, specific conductivity, +6, MnO₄⁻, weak, Tollen’s, +3,
limiting molar conductivity, strong, +1, O₂²⁻, acetonitrile, acetone, +2, molar conductivity, four,
five, six, 0]

(i) Kohlrausch’s law is used to calculate the _______________of a _______ electrolyte.

(ii) In the complex [Fe(CN)5(NO)]2− , where nitrosyl (NO) is a neutral ligand, the coordination
number and oxidation state of iron (Fe) are ________ and ________ respectively.
(iii) Calcium acetate on dry distillation gives ______, which gives ______ on heating with iodine
and alkali.

(iv) The disproportionation of 𝑀𝑛𝑂42− in acidic medium produces 𝑀𝑛2+ and ______, where
manganese exhibits an oxidation state of ______.

(B) Select and write the correct alternative from the choices given below: [7×1]
(i) In gaseous phase, the correct order of basicity is:
(a) Ammonia < Methylamine < Dimethylamine < Trimethylamine
(b) Trimethylamine < Dimethylamine < Methylamine < Ammonia
(c) Methylamine < Trimethylamine < Dimethylamine < Ammonia
(d) Dimethylamine < Trimethylamine < Methylamine < Ammonia

(ii) The vant’s Hoff factor for 0.1 M Ba(NO3 )2 solution is 2.74. The degree of dissociation is
(a) 91.3%
(b) 87%
(c) 100%
(d) 74%

(iii) When CH3CHBrCH2CH3 is reacted with alcoholic KOH, the major product is:
(a) CH3–CH=CH–CH3
(b) CH2=CH–CH2–CH3
(c) CH3–CH(OH)–CH2–CH3
(d) CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3

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(iv) Glucose gets oxidized to gluconic acid on reaction with a mild oxidizing agent like bromine
water. This indicates
(a) that the six carbon atoms in glucose are linked in a straight chain.
(b) the presence of five –OH groups.
(c) that the carbonyl group is present as an aldehydic group.
(d) the presence of a primary alcoholic group in glucose.

(v) During chemistry class, a teacher wrote [𝐶𝑜(𝑁𝐻3)6]3+ as a coordination complex ion on the
board. The students were asked to find out the magnetic behavior and shape of the complex.
Amit wrote the answer as diamagnetic and octahedral, whereas Neha wrote paramagnetic and
tetrahedral. Who is correct?
(a) Amit
(b) Neha
(c) Both are correct
(d) None of them is correct

(vi) Given below are two statements marked Assertion and Reason. Read the two statements
carefully and select the correct option.
Assertion: SN2 reaction of an optically active aryl halide with an aqueous solution of KOH
always gives an alcohol with opposite sign of rotation.
Reason: SN2 reactions always proceed with inversion of configuration.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(vii) Given below are two statements marked Assertion and Reason. Read the two statements
carefully and select the correct option.
Assertion: Transition metals form a large number of complex compounds.
Reason: This is due to the comparatively smaller size of the metal ions only.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

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(C) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. [3×1]
Jyoti performed an experiment to investigate the chemical kinetics of the reaction:
A + 2B → C
She varied the concentrations of reactants A and B and recorded the initial rate of formation of
product C.
The following data was obtained for the reaction:

Experiment [A]/M [B]/M Initial rate of formation of C/M min-1

1. 0.2 0.3 4.2 × 10-2

2. 0.1 0.1 6.0 × 10-3

3. 0.4 0.3 1.68 × 10-1

4. 0.1 0.1 2.40 × 10-2

In the context of the given passage, answer the following questions:

(a) Why did Jyoti collect four sets of experimental data?
(b) Write the rate law and overall order of reaction.
(c) What would be the rate constant of the reaction with respect to experiment 2? Justify your
answer.

SECTION B – 20 MARKS
Question 2 [2]
Riya is working on a lab assignment where she needs to calculate the molar conductivity at
infinite dilution (𝛬0𝑚 ) for acetic acid (𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻). She has the following data from her textbook:
• 𝛬0𝑚 (𝐻𝐶𝑙) =
• 426 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
• 𝛬0𝑚 (𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙) = 126 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
• 𝛬0𝑚 (𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎) = 91 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
Using Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions, help Riya calculate 𝛬0𝑚 (𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻).
Show the step-by-step process to help her understand.

Question 3 [2]
Riya is studying a ketone, A (C₄H₈O), that undergoes a haloform reaction. Upon reduction, it gives
compound B. When heated with sulfuric acid, A forms compound C, which produces a mono-
ozonide D. Hydrolysis of D with zinc dust yields only compound E. Identify compounds A, B, C,
D, and E, and write the chemical reactions involved.

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Question 4 [2]
Justify and arrange the following compounds namely, ethyl chloride, isopropyl chloride, tert-butyl
chloride in increasing order of reactivity towards the asked displacement namely:
(a) SN1
(b) SN2

Question 5 [2]
It is generally observed that the rate of a chemical reaction becomes quadruple with every 20 °C
rise in temperature. If the generalization holds true for a reaction in the temperature range of 310
K to 330 K, what would be the value of activation energy (Ea) for the reaction?

Question 6 [2]
Consider the following sequence of reactions:

(i) Identify the product C.

(ii) Does the product B react with isopropyl chloride in presence of AlCl3?

Question 7 [2]
(i) CrCl3.6H2O gives 2 moles of AgCl when treated with excess of AgNO3 solution. Write
structural formula of the complex.
(ii) How many isomerism can be shown by the complex of cobalt when it bound with the two unit
of ethylenediamine and chloride ligand? Also name the type of isomerism shown by this complex.

Question 8 [2]
An aromatic carboxylic acid [A] which readily sublimes on heating, produces compound [B] on
treatment with 𝑃𝐶𝑙5. Compound [B], when reduced in the presence of Pd catalyst over 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4
poisoned by sulphur in xylene solution gives compound [C]. When compound [C] is condensed in
the presence of alcoholic 𝐾𝐶𝑁, it gives compound [D]. (Molecular formula of compound [D] is
𝐶14𝐻12𝑂2). Identify the compounds [A], [B], [C] and [D].

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VERY SIMILAR SAMPLE PAPERS 2.0 ISC XII CHEMISTRY 2025

Question 9 [2]
(i) Identify the compounds [A] and [B] in the following reactions.

OR

(ii) Write down functional isomers of a carbonyl compounds with molecular formula C3H6O which
isomers will react faster with HCN and why? Explain the mechanism of the reaction also.

Question 10 [2]
(i) Given a 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ M solution of methanoic acid (HCOOH) with a conductivity of 5.25 × 10⁻⁵
S·cm⁻¹, calculate the molar conductivity and degree of dissociation (α) of the acid. Use the
following data:

• Molar conductivity of H⁺ (Λº(H⁺)) = 349.5 S·cm²·mol⁻¹

• Molar conductivity of HCOO⁻ (Λº(HCOO⁻)) = 50.5 S·cm²·mol⁻¹
Apply the equation:
Λₘ = (1000 × K) / M, where K is the conductivity, and M is the molarity.

(ii) Conductivity of CH3COOH decreases on dilution. Why?

Question 11 [2]
Two isomeric compounds A and B have same molecular formula C3H5N. Predict the structure A
and B as the basis of following information:
• A and B do not react with HNO2 or CH3COCl.
• On refluxing with dil. HCl, A gives C and B gives D, C and D being the monobasic
carboxylic acids.
• Molecular mass of D = 74 g mol-1.
• C gives positive Tollen’s test, whereas D does not.
Predict the structures of A, B, C and D.

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SECTION C – 21 MARKS
Question 12 [3]
Identify the compounds [A], [B] and [C] in the following reactions.

Question 13 [3]
Colligative properties of a solution depend upon the number of moles of the solute dissolved and
do not depend upon the nature of the solute. However, they are applicable only to dilute solutions
in which the solutes do not undergo any association or dissociation. For solutes undergoing such
changes, van't Hoff introduced a factor, called van't Hoff factor (i). This has helped not only to
explain the abnormal molecular masses of such solutes in the solution but has also helped to
calculate the degree of association or dissociation.
(i) The molar mass of sodium chloride determined by elevation of boiling point method is
found to be abnormal. Why?
(ii) What is the elevation of boiling point of a solution of 13.44 g of CuCl2 in 1 kg of
water? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1, molar mass of CuCl2 = 134.4g/mol)
(iii) Equimolal solutions of NaCl and BaCl2 are prepared in water. Freezing pint of NaCl
is found to be -20 oC. What freezing point do you expect for BaCl2 solution?

Question 14 [3]
Write the reaction and condition for the following conversions.
(i) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone
(ii) Accetaldehyde to crotonaldehyde
(iii) Propanal to butanone

Question 15 [3]
(i) When a coordination compound CrCl3.6H2O is treated with excess AgNO3, 2 moles of AgCl
are precipitated per of the compound. Write:
(a) The structural formula of the complex
(b) IUPAC name of the complex

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Question 16 [3]
(i) Mercury cells are used in devices like hearing aids and watches.
(a) Write the reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of a mercury cell.
(b) Why does a mercury cell provide a constant voltage throughout its life?
(c) What are the environmental concerns associated with mercury cells?
OR
(ii) Answer the following:
(a) Write the chemical formula of rust and explain its formation.
(b) What is cathodic protection, and how is it used to prevent corrosion?
(c) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using sacrificial anodes for corrosion
prevention.

Question 17 [3]
Ravi, a Class XII student, was studying biomolecules and vitamins in his Chemistry class. While
solving some questions, he came across the following concepts:
(i) Ravi read about DNA and wondered how its monomers (nucleotides) are linked together to
form the DNA strand.
State the type of bonds which hold the monomers of DNA together.
(ii) During his study of amino acids, Ravi noticed a unique property where amino acids exist as
electrically neutral species under certain conditions.
Explain what is meant by a zwitter ion.
(iii) Ravi’s teacher discussed deficiency diseases and their connection to vitamins. Help him
identify the correct vitamins for the following diseases:
(a) Scurvy
(b) Night blindness
Question 18 [3]
The following data were obtained for the reaction:
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
S. No. [NO] mol/L [O2] mol/L Initial rate of formation of NO2/mol/L/sec
1. 0.3 0.2 7.2 x 10-2
2. 0.1 0.1 6.0 x 10-3
3. 0.3 0.4 2.88 x 10-1
4. 0.4 0.1 2.40 x 10-2

(i) Find the order of reaction with respect to NO and O2.

(ii) Write the rate law and overall order of reaction.
(iii) Calculate the rate constant (k).

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SECTION D – 15 MARKS
Question 19 [5]
One industrial method to produce trans-anethole utilizes a 3-step process involving Friedel–Crafts
acylation of anisole with propionyl chloride to form 4-methoxypropiophenone (4-MOPP),
reduction of the ketone to the corresponding alcohol using a copper chromite catalyst, and
dehydration under acidic conditions to give a mixture of cis- and trans-anethole (Scheme 1a).
Alternatively, mixing anisole and propionaldehyde under acidic conditions at 150 °C forms an
isomeric mixture of p,p′-, p,o′-, and o,o′-1,1-bis(methoxyphenyl)propanes, which can then be
cleaved to yield anisole and a mixture of cis- and trans-anethole. The cleavage of the isomeric
mixture gives an approximate 66% yield of propenylanisoles based on
bis(methoxyphenyl)propanes with an approximate ∼38% selectivity for the trans-anethole
product. Recently, the conversion of 4-MOPP to cis- and trans-anethole via a cascade Meerwein–
Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction/dehydration process was reported using Zr-containing zeolites
achieving 94% conversion of 4-MOPP in 4 h with 80% selectivity for trans-anethole. Additionally,
bifunctional organophosphate-hafnium frameworks have been shown to convert 4-MOPP to trans-
anethole with quantitative conversion of 4-MOPP and 90% selectivity for trans-anethole through
an MPV reduction/dehydration process.

(Reference: Reid, C. W.; Gunnoe, T. B. Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkenylation of Anisole:

Control of Regioselectivity. Organometallics 2024, 43 (12), 1362–1376.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00155)

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(i) What alternative method involves mixing anisole and propionaldehyde under acidic conditions?
(ii) What happens when anisole is treated with HI? (Write chemical reactions only)
(iii) Anisole on reaction with HI produces only phenol and methyl iodide. Give reason?
(iv) What are the products formed when anisole is treated with CH3COCl/ anhydrous AlCl3?
Write the complete chemical reaction.
(v) How will you convert phenol into p-Bromoanisole?

Question 20 [5]
(i) Give a reason for each of the following.
(a) Transition metals exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization.
(b) Mn and Tc have abnormally low melting and boiling points.
(c) Zn and Hf have similar atomic radii although these elements belong to different periods.
(ii) For M 2+ /M and M 3+ /M 2+ systems, E ∘ values for some metals are as follows :
Cr 2+ /Cr = −0.9 V
Cr 3+ /Cr 2+ = −0.4 V
Mn2+ /Mn = −1.2 V
Mn3+ /Mn2+ = +1.5 V
Fe2+ /Fe = −0.4 V
Fe3+ /Fe2+ = +0.8 V

Use this data to comment upon:

1. the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compared to that of Cr 3+ and Mn3+ .
2. the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to a similar process for either chromium
or manganese metal.

Question 21 [5]
(i) The boiling point elevation and the freezing point depression of solutions have a number of
practical applications. Ethylene glycol (CH2OHCH2OH) is used in automobile radiators as an
antifreeze because it lowers the freezing point of the coolant. The same substance also helps to
prevent the radiator coolant from boiling away by elevating the boiling point. Ethylene glycol has
a low vapour pressure. We can also use glycerol as an antifreeze. In order for boiling point
elevation to occur, the solute must be non-volatile, but no such restriction applies to freezing point
depression. For example, methanol (CH3OH), a fairly volatile liquid that boils only at 65 oC is
sometimes used as antifreeze in automobile radiators.

(𝐢) Out of CH3 OH and C6 H12 O6 , which is a better reagent for depression in freezing point but
not for elevation in boiling point?

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(𝐢𝐢) Will the depression in freezing point be the same or different if 0.1 moles of sugar or 0.1
moles of glucose is dissolved in 1 L of water?

(𝐢𝐢𝐢) 124 g each of the two reagents glycerol (C3 H8 O3 ) and glycol (CH2 OHCH2 OH) are added
to 5 kg of water in the radiators of two cars. Which one is better for a car? Justify your answer.

(𝐢𝐯) If the cost of glycerol, glycol, and methanol is the same, what would be the sequence of
economy to use these compounds as antifreeze?

OR

A raw mango placed in concentrated salt solution loses water via osmosis and shrivel into pickle.
Wilted flowers revive when placed in fresh water. A carrot that has become limp because of water
loss into the atmosphere can be placed into the water making it firm once again. Water will move
into its cells through osmosis. When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass/volume) salt,
blood cells swell due to flow of water in them by osmosis.
(i) Why do people taking a lot of salt or salty food suffer from puffiness or edema?
(ii) How does the preservation of meat by salting and fruits by adding sugar protect against
bacterial action?
(iii) Why does the direction of osmosis get reversed if a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure
is applied to the solution side? Write one application.
(iv) What care is generally taken during intravenous injections and why?

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