MTH1W Data Management

Name:
Unit 6: Data Management
Topics Covered
Types of data Cartesian plane Sca<er plots Line of best fit
PredicAng data Linear & non-linear trends
Learning Goals
LG1 I will be able to differenAate between linear and non-linear relaAons. (C3)
q I can explain the difference between linear and non-linear relaAons. (C3.1)
q I can idenAfy linear and non-linear relaAons from a sca<er plot. (C3.1)
q I can draw a line or curve that best fits a set of points on a grid. (D1.3)
o I can idenAfy data as “numerical” or “categorical”, and further idenAfy it as “conAnuous,”
“discrete,” “ordinal,” or “nominal.”

LG2 I will be able to represent data two variables and make conclusions from the data. (D1)
q I can graph a sca<er plot from a set of points. (D1.3)
q I can explain the correlaAon between two variables on a sca<er plot. (D1.3)
q I can describe the trend of a set of data. (D1.3)
q I can describe the relaAonship between variables in a set of data. (D1.3)
q I can interpolate data from a set of points and line/curve of best fit. (D1.3)
q I can extrapolate data from a set of points and line/curve of best fit. (D1.3)
Key Ideas
The Cartesian plane is a grid with two intersecAng lines (axes) that we use to plot points and represent data.
The axes (“axees”) are infinitely long lines along which we plot our points.
- The x-axis runs horizontally (leW and right); the y-axis runs verAcally (up and down)
- The origin is where the two axes meet, located at (0,0).
An ordered pair is a point on the cartesian plane located at (𝑥, 𝑦).
- E.g. (−4,7) is located 4 units leW of, and 7 units up from the origin.
An independent variable is the variable that may cause change in the dependent variable.
 MTH1W Data Management

REFERENCE SHEET 3

6A ONE VARIABLE DATA 5

6B THE CARTESIAN PLANE 7

6C SCATTER PLOTS AND TRENDS IN DATA 8

6D LINE OF BEST FIT 13

6E LINEAR VS NON-LINEAR RELATIONS 16

Extra Practice
Topic Textbook Section Questions Check-in
#27 Kinds of data
One-variable data

#28 The Cartesian plane

The Cartesian plane

Scatter plots and Page 326, Qs 1-10 #29 Trends in data

6.1
trends in data
Page 337, Qs 1-9
Line of best fit 6.2

Linear vs. non-linear

relations

Mid-chapter Review Page 343, Qs 1-5

Review Page 374, Qs 1-7, 8abcef
Chapter Review

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Reference Sheet

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+a One Variable Data

Learning Goals Big Ideas
q I can draw a line or curve Data can be one of four kinds: ConAnuous (numbers), Discrete (numbers), Ordinal
that best fits a set of (categories), or Nominal (categories)
points on a grid
q I can idenAfy data as
“numerical” or Examples
“categorical”, and further 1. IdenAfy examples of numerical data (data that can be measured).
idenAfy it as Numerical (QuanAtaAve)
“conAnuous,” “discrete,” ConAnuous Discrete
“ordinal,” or “nominal.”
Notes & Key Terms
« Numerical data
« Discrete data
« ConAnuous data
« Categorical data
« Ordinal data
« Nominal data

2. IdenAfy examples of categorical data (data that is broken down into categories).
Categorical (QualitaAve)
Ordinal Nominal

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Practice
1. Classify each data as “Numerical” or “Categorical,” then further classify it at
“discrete,” “conAnuous,” “nominal,” or “ordinal.”
a) How many pets do students in our class have?

b) How much Ame do you spend on your phone each week?

c) What is your favourite sport?

d) How many people voted in the last Toronto Mayoral elecAon?

e) What kind of music do you like best?

f) How hot is the chili (ex: hot, ho<er or ho<est)?

g) How much does your backpack weigh?

h) What is your average daily step count?

i) How saAsfied were you with the services provided?

j) What is the distance between your house and the school?

2. Explain why “Ordinal data” is categorical and not numerical.

Answers
(. a) Numerical/discrete b) Numerical/continuous g) Numerical/continuous h) Numerical/discrete
c) Categorical/nominal d) Numerical/discrete i) Categorical/ordinal j) Numerical continuous
e) Categorical/nominal f) Categorical/ordinal

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+b The Cartesian Plane

Learning Goals Examples
q I can graph a sca<er plot 1. Describe each point’s posiAon relaAve to the origin.
from a set of points
a) (−3,1) ____ units left of the origin, and ___ unit up from the origin.

Notes & Key Terms

b) (4,2) From the origin, four units __________, and two units _________.
« x-axis
« y-axis
« Origin c) (3, −8) ________________________________________________
« Ordered pair 2. Graph the following points on the Cartesian plane below.

A (−3,1) y
10
B (4,2)
C (3, −8) 8

6
D (−3, −1)
E (−3,7) 4
F (6, −2)
2
G (2,0)
x
H (0, −4)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

3. Write the coordinates of the points shown on the graph below.

y
A: D: A 6

4 B

B: E: 2
C x
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
-2
C: F: D
-4
E
-6 F

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+c Scatter Plots and Trends in Data

Learning Goals Examples
q I can graph a sca<er plot 1. Below is a sca<er plot showing Overall Math Mark vs. Number of Days Absent
from a set of points from Class.
q I can describe the a) What might each of the points represent? What does each point tell us?
relaAon between
variables in a set of data
q I can describe the
relaAonship between
variables in a set of data

Independent variable: Dependent Variable:

Notes & Key Terms

What was the mark of the student who had 39 absences? ___________________
« x-axis
« y-axis How many absences did the student who scored a 79 have? _________________
« Origin
« Ordered pair Overall Math Mark vs. Number of Days Absent
« Sca<er plot
« Independent variable
« Dependent variable
« CorrelaAon
« Trend
« RelaAonship
« Outlier

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2. Data can seem random, but plotting it on a Cartesian plane can help identify
patters. This connection, called a _________________________ is the measure
of the relationship or connection between two or more variables.

The closer the points are to each other, the ____________________ the
correlation.

The more dispersed they are, the ____________________ the correlation.

There are three general types of correlaAon:

CorrelaAon PosiAve NegaAve No CorrelaAon
Picture

Trend
__________ to the __________ to the
right right

RelaAonship
As 𝑥 As 𝑥

𝑦 𝑦

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3. Below are data on Mr. Smith’s math class regarding study Ame and test scores.
What are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent variable: Dependent Variable:

Study Test
Time score
(hours) (%)
3 80
5 90
2 75
6 80
7 90
1 50
2 65
7 85
1 40
7 95

Include:
q Title (𝑦 vs 𝑥)
q 𝑥-scale
q 𝑥 units
q 𝑦-scale
q 𝑦 units
q Points

The trend is: ____________________

The relaAonship is: ________________________________________________

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4. Below is a sca<er plot showing different people’s height vs. their age.

a) What do you noAce?

b) What is an outlier?

c) When should you exclude an outlier in your data set?

d) When should you include an outlier in your data set?

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Practice
Textbook page 326, Qs 1-10
1. A skateboarder starts from various points along a steep ramp and coasts to the
bo<om. The table below lists the iniAal height and the person’s speed at the
bo<om of the ramp.
Initial Speed
Height (m/s)
(m)
2.0 4.4
2.7 5.2
3.4 5.8
3.8 6.1
4.0 4.5
4.5 6.5
4.7 6.6
5.0 6.9

a) Create a sca<er plot to represent the data. Include proper labels, as listed below.
q Title (𝑦 vs 𝑥)
q 𝑥-scale
q 𝑥 units
q 𝑦-scale
q 𝑦 units
q Points

b) Describe the trend.

c) Describe the relaAonship.
d) Which points might be outliers? What in the situaAon might have caused any
outliers?

Answers
(. a) b) Positive correlation
c) As the initial height increase, the speed increases.
d) (".$,".&) might be an outlier. Reasons may vary. Maybe he
tripped on his way down; maybe he had to slow down at some
point.

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+d Line of Best Fit

Learning Goals Examples
q I can draw a line or curve 1. The data below are the number of days absent (in a semester) and final report
that best fits a set of card marks in Mrs. Smith’s math class. Create a sca<er plot to represent the
points on a grid data.
q I can interpolate data Independent variable: _________________________________________
from a set of points and
line/curve of best fit Dependent variable: _________________________________________
q I can extrapolate data
from a set of points and a) Describe the trend. b) Describe the relaAonship.
line/curve of best fit

Notes & Key Terms

Number Report
« Line of best fit
of Days Card
« CorrelaAon
Absent Mark
« Trend
2 81
« RelaAonship
0 73
« Independent variable
12 50
« Dependent variable
« Outlier 7 63
1 77
22 33
10 44
3 95
3 56
4 71
8 67
0 78
9 61
15 40

Line of best fit:

q Must be straight (use a ruler) and follow the __________ of the data.
q The line _______________ through as many points as possible.
q There should be an _______________ of points above and below the line.
q When at least one variable is discrete, draw a _______________ line.
q When both variables are conAnuous, draw a _______________ line.

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2. Draw a line of best fit for each sca<er plot below.

a)
c)

b) d)

PredicAng with line of best fit:

Method of
Prediction
Where in the data? Between the
Before the

OR after the

Reliability

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1. Julie gathered data about her age and height from the markings on the wall in
her house.
Age (years) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Height 70 82 93 98 106 118 127 135
(cm)
a) Create a sca<er plot for the data with the age from 0 to 16 years on the
𝑥- axis, and the height from 0 to 200 cm on the 𝑦-axis.

b) Draw a line of best fit on the graph and use it to esAmate/predict the following:
Question Answer (with units) Method of prediction
How tall was Julie when she was 5.5 years old?

How tall will Julie be when she is 9 years old?

How old was Julie when she was 100cm tall?

How tall was Julie when she was born?

How tall will Julie be when she is 15 years old?

Practice
Textbook page 337, Qs 1-9

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+e Linear vs Non-linear Relations

Learning Goals Examples
q I can explain the 1. A doctor measured the ages (in months) and the weights (in pounds) of a
difference between linear sample of baby boys 12 months of age and younger. The results are recorded in
and non-linear relaAons the table on the leW.
q I can idenAfy linear and a) Make a sca<er plot of the data with the age from 0 to 24 months on the 𝑥-
non-linear relaAons from axis and weight from 8 to 32 lbs on the 𝑦-axis, and draw the line of best fit.
a sca<er plot b) Describe the trend.
q I can draw a line or curve
that best fits a set of
points on a grid c) Describe the relaAonship.
Notes & Key Terms
« Line of best fit
« CorrelaAon
d) Predict the weight of a 20-month-old baby.
« Trend
« RelaAonship

Age Weight
0 8.0
1 10.0
1 9.0
1 11.0
2 11.5
3 13.0
3 14.5
5 15.0
5 16.0
5 18.0
6 17.5
8 19.5
8 19.0
9 21.0
10 24.0
10 22.5
10 21.0
11 23.0
12 24.0
12 22.0

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The table below adds data on the weight of the baby boys for 12 to 24 months.
e) Add this data to the graph (in a different colour).
Age Weight f) Describe the trend in the enlarged data set.
13 23.5
14 22.5
14 24.0
15 24.5
16 25.0 g) What causes this change in the trend?
17 25.5
17 23.0
17 21.5
18 26.0
18 27.5 h) Expalin why your predicAon in c) was accurate.
20 27.0
21 27.0
21 28.5
i) Draw a curve of best fit for the enlarged data set.
22 27.0
j) Use the curve of best fit to predict the weight of a 20-
23 27.5
month-old baby.
24 28.0

2. Use the examples to complete the table

Example

Trend

Draw a
line or
curve?
Criteria q Passes through as many points as possible.
q Balance of points above and below the line/curve

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Practice
1. For each of the following sca<er plots, state the trend: linear (posiAve or negaAve
correlaAon), non-linear, or no trend. Then, if possible, draw the line or curve of
best fit.

a) _______________ b) _______________ c) _______________

a) _______________ b) _______________ c) _______________

Answers
(. a) non-linear b) no trend c) linear d) linear e) non-linear f) non-linear

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