LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

Star-50
4 Channel Colour Multiparameter Monitor

SERVICE MANUAL

i
Document Information :

CAT No. 3-86-080-0091-60

January 2005 Rev. 0

Copy right

This service manual is a sole property of Larsen & Toubro Limited and published for
limited circulation only.
This manual or any part of it should not be reproduced without prior and written
permission from Larsen & Toubro Limited

Contact for any document related information:

Training & Documentation Cell
Medical Equipment & Systems
Larsen & Toubro Limited
KIADB industrial area
Hebbal - Hootagalli
Mysore - 570018
Karnataka (India)
Tel : (91) 0821 - 2403750
Fax: (91) 0821 - 2403749

Contact for any service related information:

Customercare@myw.ltindia.com

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

About This Manual . . . . . . . . vi

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . 1
1.1. Audience . . . . . . . 1
1.2. About The System . . . . . . 1
1.3. System Software . . . . . . 2

2. Safety . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Electrical Safety . . . . . . 3
2.1.1. Warning . . . . . . 3
2.1.2. Caution . . . . . . 3
2.2. Equipment Safety . . . . . . 4
2.3. ESD Protection . . . . . . 4
2.3.1. ESD Protection Materials . . . . 5
2.3.2. Methods of Protection . . . . 5
2.3.3. Methods of Elimination . . . . 5

3. System Architecture. . . . . . . 7
3.1. System Description . . . . . . 7
3.1.1. Main Board . . . . . . 7
3.1.2. Amplifier Module . . . . . 8
3.1.3. NIBP Module . . . . . . 8
3.1.4. SpO2 Module . . . . . . 8
3.1.5. Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) . . 8
3.1.6. Display Unit . . . . . . 8
3.1.7. Keyboard And Optical Encoder . . . 9
3.1.8. Accessories . . . . . . 9
3.2. System Controls . . . . . . 11
3.2.1. Front Panel . . . . . . 11
3.2.2. Side Panel . . . . . . 12
3.2.3. Rear Panel . . . . . . 13
3.3. Interconnection Diagram . . . . . 14
3.4. Signal Flow . . . . . . 15
3.5. System Specification . . . . . 16
3.5.1. Equipment Classification . . . . 16
3.5.2. Power Supply . . . . . 16
3.5.3. Outputs . . . . . . 17
3.5.4. General . . . . . 17
3.5.5. Standards . . . . . . 17
3.5.6. ECG Standards . . . . . 17

iii
 3.6. Battery Requirement . . . . 19
3.6.1. Battery Specification . . . . 19
3.6.2. Characteristics . . . . . 19

4. Getting Started . . . . . . . 21
4.1. Input Mains Details . . . . . . 21
4.1.1. Power Supply . . . . . 21
4.1.2. Power Rating . . . . . 21
4.2. Installation Site Requirements . . . . 21
4.2.1. Ventilation . . . . . . 21
4.2.2. Placement . . . . . . 21
4.3. Unpacking & Installation Instructions . . . 22
4.4. Turning the System ON and OFF. . . . . 22
4.5. Battery Charging & Checking . . . . 23
4.6. Connecting/Disconnecting Cables for Monitoring 23

5. Circuit Theory . . . . . . . 25
5.1. Main Board . . . . . . . 25
5.1.1. Microcontroller . . . . . 25
5.1.2. Address Decoding . . . . . 25
5.1.3. Serial Port Controller . . . . 26
5.1.4. Display Section . . . . . 26
5.1.5. Speaker Circuit . . . . . 26
5.1.6. Skyline Interface . . . . . 26
5.1.7. Keyboard & Module Buffers . . . 27
5.2. Amplifier Module . . . . . . 29
5.2.1. Amplifier PWA . . . . . 29
5.2.2. Power Supply Section . . . . 29
5.2.3. ECG Amplifier Section . . . . 29
• Fault Detection . . . . 29
• CAL Pulse Generation . . . . 29
• Lead Selection . . . . . 30
• 3 Lead /5 Lead Sensing Circuit . . . 30
• Amplifier Stage . . . . . 30
5.2.4. Analog MUX, ADC, Gain Selection Section . 30
5.2.5. Respiration Section . . . . . 31
5.2.6 Invasive Blood Pressure & Temperature Section 32
5.2.7. Processor Section . . . . . 33
5.3. NIBP Module . . . . . . . 36
5.4. SpO2 Module . . . . . . . 37
5.5. Capnography Module . . . . . 38

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 5.6. Universal Power Supply . . . . . 41
5.6.1. AC-DC Converter . . . . . 41
• Block Description . . . . . 41
• Protections . . . . . 42
5.6.2. DC-DC Converter . . . . . 43
• Description of Block Diagram . . . 44
5.6.3. Recorder Power Supply . . . . 45
• Introduction . . . . . . 45
• Block Diagram Description . . . 45
5.7. Display . . . . . . . 47
5.8. Special Functions . . . . . . 48

6. Assembly/Disassembly . . . . . . 49
6.1. General . . . . . . . 49
6.2. Rear Cover . . . . . . . 50
6.3. Base Plate . . . . . . . 51
6.4. Main PWA . . . . . . . 51
6.5. Amplifier Module . . . . . . 52
6.6. SpO2 Module . . . . . . . 53
6.7. NIBP Module . . . . . . . 54
6.8. SMPS . . . . . . . . 54
6.9. Front Panel . . . . . . . 55
6.10. Display . . . . . . . 56
6.11. Keyboard And Optical Encoder . . . . 56
6.12. Battery . . . . . . 57

7. Upgradation . . . . . . . . 59
7.1. Software for Upgradation . . . . 59
7.2. To Add Dual Invasive Pressure . . . . 59
7.3. To Add NIBP . . . . . . . 59
7.4. To Add SpO2 . . . . . . . 60

8. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . 61
8.1. System Diagnosis . . . . . . 61
8.2. Error Codes . . . . . . . 61
8.3. Power Supply Check . . . . . 63
8.4. Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . 64
8.5. Spare Parts List . . . . . . 75

Glossary . . . . . . . . . 77

v
About This Manual

This service manual covers the guidelines for servicing Star-50. This manual is for the
use by L&T service engineers or their authorized representatives only.

The scope of repairs, as described in this manual, is restricted to the replacement of

subassembly only. No component level repair is recommended under any circumstances,
unless specified otherwise. L&T shall not be responsible for consequences arising out
of such repairs.

Refer the relevant section of the operating manual for any safety related information.

Conventions Used in This Manual

The following conventions are used in this manual:

• A Warning describes precautions necessary to prevent injury or loss of life.

• A Caution! describes precautions necessary to protect the product.

• The left side of the Star-50 is to your left as you stand facing the front panel.

vi
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Read the information in this manual before attempting to service Star-50. This manual
is for the use by L&T service engineers or their authorized representatives only.

1.1. Audience
The intended audience of this manual is trained service personnel.

1.2. About The System

Star-50 is a portable multiparameter monitor with colour TFT display. It offers monitoring
of seven parameters viz. ECG, Respiration, Dual Temperature, Dual Invasive Blood
Pressure, Non-Invasive Blood Pressure, Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) and Capnography
(EtCO2 and FiCO2).
Star-50 can communicate with Skyline (L&T’s Central Nursing Station) and external
recorders.
The basic hardware is comprised of Mainboard, Power Supply Unit (PSU), display
module and parameter modules.
Mainboard communicates to all the modules and updates the display, resulting in real-
time monitoring of the parameters.
Main board consists of Microcontroller, RTC (Real Time Clock), EEPROM, SRAM,
Video RAM, Asynchronous Communication Elements, Display Controller, Keyboard
Interface and Skyline Interface.
Amplifier module of Star-50 is responsible for ECG, Respiration, Temperature and
Invasive BP monitoring. It comprises of:
• ECG (3 Lead / 5 Lead)
• IBP (2 Channels)
• Temperature (2 Channels)
• Respiration circuit
• Processor
• Power supply for both isolated and non-isolated sections

SpO2 module is from Nellcor Inc., USA. This module communicates with the main board
on serial protocol providing SpO2 values which will be updated on the display.

1
 The NIBP module is from CAS medical systems, USA. This module communicates
with the main board on serial protocol providing NIBP values which will be updated on
the display.
Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) of Star-50 consists of AC /DC converter, DC/
DC converter and Control circuit.
Star-50 utilizes external sidestream Capnography module for EtCO2 and FiCO2
detection. This is a “modular” capnometer from BCI, USA.

1.3. System Software

Star -50 is controlled by system software. L&T medical may provide new software for
use with the unit from time to time. This can be easily changed in two ways by :
• Mainboard software (Two EEPROM chips)
&
• ECG software (One EEPROM chip)

Refer All information screen for Latest software version.

2
Chapter 2 SAFETY
Read the information in this manual before attempting to service Star-50. This chapter
explains the safety requirements with respect to servicing.

2.1. Electrical Safety

This equipment has been designed to meet IEC 60101-1 standards and the
corresponding national standards. It has Class I type of protection against electrical
shocks, degree Type ‘CF’ & ‘B’ against the electrical shocks.

2.1.1. WARNING
• Use insulated tools to adjust controls.
• Do not open the system enclosures in power ON condition.
• All internal adjustments and replacements must be done by a qualified
service engineer.
• Do not operate the system in the presence of flammable gases or anesthetic
agents. This can lead to an explosion.
• Disconnect the AC power adapter from the system for cleaning.
• Inspect the AC power adapter cord and plug on a regular basis for any
damage.
• Use properly grounded equipment. The grounding wire must not be removed
or defeated.
• Use accessories and peripherals as recommended for Star-50.

2.1.2. ! Caution
The following precautions can help reduce ESD:
• Anti-static spray on carpets
• Antistatic spray on linoleum
• Anti-static mats
• Antistatic wrist bands
• Proper grounding of the work area.

Do not block the airflow to the ventilation holes on the back of the system to
control the rise in temperature.

3
2.2. Equipment Safety

Read the bulleted caution list carefully in order to protect the monitor :
• Excessive bending or twisting of cables can cause a failure or intermittently
affect the operation.
• Take care when connecting or disconnecting cables. A damaged cable can
cause a short in the electrical circuit.
• Do not plug in or remove PWA cards while the unit is in power ON condition.
• Improper cleaning or disinfecting any part of the system with non
recommended solutions can cause permanent damage.
• Do not use solvents such as thinner, benzene or abrasive cleaners on
any part of the system.
• Do not spill liquid on the system.
• Do not handle PWAs without proper static protection. Improper handling may
damage components.
• Do not assemble or configure incorrectly. Use proper power source.
• Prevent damage to the connectors by aligning connector pins before you
connect the cable. Misaligned connector pins can cause damage to
system components at power-ON.

2.3. ESD Protection

Electrostatic discharge is defined as the transfer of charge between bodies at

different electrical potentials. This can change the electrical characteristics of a
semiconductor device, degrading or destroying it. Electrostatic discharge can upset
the normal operation of an electronic system, causing unit malfunction or failure.

The damage done by ESD can cause the instant failure of the unit or result in
performance degradation and eventually failure.

The unit gets damaged by the electric field radiating from an electrostatic body. MOS
technology devices are most susceptible to voltage or electrostatic field damage.
Bipolar and TTL devices are more susceptible to current damage.

4
2.3.1. ESD Protection Materials
Three types of materials are used to protect Components from ESD.
a) Conductive : These are metals, conductive plastics, conductive
laminates and metal wire impregnated bags.
b) Static dissipative : These materials provide a lower level of protection
and are made out of the same materials as the
conductive protection materials. They are thinner
than the conductive materials.
c) Anti-static : These materials include some melamine laminates,
high resistance conductive plastics, virgin cotton,
wood and paper products, and static dissipative or
conductive materials of very small thickness.

2.3.2. Methods of Protection

ESD sensitive devices may be protected by one of the following methods:
• Grounding
• Isolation
• Neutralization

The minimum equipment to be carried to measure ESD protection in the field are :
• Anti-static conductive mat and grounding cable
• Wrist strap and grounding cables
• Supply of protective bags and other suitable containers
Field service engineers must also wear suitable clothing and avoid handling
objects that can generate dangerous electrostatic potentials. These objects
include non-protective bags, containers, beverage, food containers and furniture.

2.3.3. Methods of Elimination

• You must have a reliable ground point available near the work site.
• Dissipate static electricity before handling any unit components (PWAs,
cards) by touching a grounded metal object. The system / unit unpainted
metal chassis is an example.
• Connect your body to the ground point with a wrist strap.
• Handle the PWAs & Cards using anti-static Pouches.
• Do not wear clothing which generates static electric charges every time
you move.
• Keep all PWA cards in anti-static envelopes.
• Turn off the power and remove the power plug from all equipment before
working on it.
• Always hold a card or module by its edges. Do not touch the contacts and
components on the module.
5
6
Chapter 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

3.1. System Description

Star-50 is designed as a portable patient monitor for easy transportation and clear
viewing of waveform and parameters.
It consists of eight following main functional groups :
• Main Board
• Amplifier Module
• NIBP Module
• SpO2 Module
• Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
• Display Unit
• Keyboard and Optical Encoder
• Accessories

The unit works on AC mains and on internal battery. It also has provision for connecting
external battery for operation during ambulatory conditions.It provides RS485 based
signal for Central Nursing Station (Skyline).

The Capnography module is located outside and is interfaced with the main unit.

3.1.1. Main Board

The main board is based on AM188 Microcontroller (8 Bit).
Main board consists of :
• RTC(Real Time Clock) – Maintains time and date.
• EPROM – Software is stored .
• SRAM (Static RAM) – Stores temporary data.
• Video RAM – Provides data for display controller.
• Asynchronous communication elements – Communicates with all the
modules.
• Display controller – Provides interface between video RAM and display
module.
• Keyboard interface.
• Skyline interface – Communication link with central nursing station on
RS485 protocol.
Main board communicates with all the modules and refreshes the display,
resulting in real-time monitoring of the parameters through serial communication.

7
3.1.2. Amplifier Module
This comprises of ECG, IBP, Temperature and Respiration circuit. The conditioned
signal from each section is multiplexed using analog multiplexer. This is converted
to digital using 10 bit ADC and transferred to main board through opto isolation.

3.1.3. NIBP Module

This module is from CAS medical systems, USA. It communicates with the
Mainboard on serial protocol providing NIBP values which are refreshed on the
display.
The module also has an inbuilt calibration , over pressure protection and cuff
leakage sensing circuit to ensure patient safety.

3.1.4. SpO2 Module

This module is from Nellcor Inc., USA. It communicates with the Mainboard on
serial protocol providing PR, SpO2 % which are refreshed on the display.
The finger probe houses an infrared source, red LED and a photo detector. It
picks up the signal from patients body. This signal is conditioned by the
Microcontroller to derive the oxygen saturation level and pulse rate.

3.1.5. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

SMPS comprises of:
• AC-DC converter
• DC-DC converter
• Control circuit
The mains is supplied to the AC-DC converter, the ouput of which is fed to the
DC-DC converter. The output of DC-DC converter is given to all the sections of
the Star-50 for their functioning.
It has a reference amplifier which senses the battery voltage and puts the “low
battery shut off ” logic into action whenever the battery voltage is low.

3.1.6. Display Unit

Star-50 has an active matrix colour Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) comprising
amorphous silicon (Thin Film Transistor) TFT. It has a built-in backlight which
includes long-life lamps. The 10.4” diagonal display area contains 640 x 480
pixels and can display 262144 colors simultaneously.

8
3.1.7. Keyboard & Optical Encode
Star-50 has a keyboard with ON/OFF key and five hard keys.
The hard keys are:
• Alarm ack/suspend ( )
• NIBP start/Stop( )
• IBP Zero( )
• Freeze/Defreeze( )
• Main screen( )

Optical encoder on the keyboard acts as an user interface for selecting various
parameters and machine settings.

3.1.8. Accessories
Star-50 supports following accessories :
1) ECG : 3 Lead and 5 Lead ECG cable of Nicolay make.

Figure3.1 : 3 & 5 Lead ECG Cables

2) Non-Invasive BP : Different sizes of NIBP cuffs for Adult, Peadiatric and

Neonatal applications with Hose tube.

Figure 3.2: NIBP Hose Tube

Figure 3.3: Adult Cuff

Figure 3.4: Neonatal Tube Figure 3.5: Paediatric Tube

9
3) Pulse Oximeter : DS 100 (Durasensor) & DURA-Y (Universal) from Nellcor with
Extension cable.

Figure3.6: DURA-100 Durasensor Figure 3.7: Extension Cable

Figure 3.8: DURA-Y

4) Temperature : YSI 400 series of temperature probes.

YSI 401 : Rectal/Esophagel temperature probe (Adult).
YSI 402 : Rectal/Esophagel temperature probe (Neonatal).
YSI 409A : Tape-on Skin probe.

Figure 3.9: Temperature Probe

10
3.2. System Controls

3.2.1. Front Panel

2
3
4
5
6

8
Figure 3.10 : Front Panel of Star-50

No. Description Function

1. ON/OFF key To switch the monitor ON.
2. Alarm Ack/ Suspend To acknowledge the alarm incase of alarms and
also to suspend the alarms.
3. NIBP Start/Stop To start and stop the NIBP inflation.
4. IBP Zero For zeroing of the IBP transducers.
5. Freeze To freeze/defreeze the waveforms.
6. Main Screen To go to the main screen from any other screen.
7. Optical Encoder Multifunction key to select the menu options.
8. Display High resolution colour TFT display. (10.4”)

11
 3.2.2. Left Side Panel

3
4

Figure 3.11 : Left Side Panel of Star-50

No. Description Function

1. ECG connector To connect 3/5 lead ECG cable.
2. NIBP connector To connect NIBP hose tube.
3. SpO2connector To connect Pulse oximeter cable.
4. IBP Connector To connect Dual IBP.
5. Temperature To connect Dual temperature probes.

12
 3.2.3. Rear Panel

5 4 3 2

Figure 3.12 : Rear Panel of Star-50

No. Description Function

1. CNS connection To connect Star-50 to Skyline

(L&T’sCentral Nursing Station).
2. Equipotential Ground To connect external ground.
3. External Battery Jack To connect external 12V battery.
4. Mains inlet Mains power inlet connection.
5. Mains ON/OFF switch Power ON/OFF switch.
6. Slave display connector To connect external slave monitor.

13
 ECG
DISPLAY KEYBOARD SPO2 MODULE

IBP1
IBP1 CN 10 CN 3 CON 8
IBP2 AMPLIFIER

JP 7
CARD MODULE

CN 11
BERG2
BERG1
EXTERNAL
(NURSE CALL)

IBP2
MONITOR CON1
SKYLINE

TEMPERATURE CARD

MAIN BOARD
3.3. Interconnection Diagram

D
I TEMP 1 TEMP 2
S
P
CON16

CON 14

14
ANALOG O/P

Figure 3.13
Y CN
CN 4 CN 12 CN 5 CN 2
INVERTOR
B
A
C CN
+12 V
K
L JP2 DC- JP2 DC- SPEAKER NIBP MODULE RECORDER CONN
I DC PWA DC PWA
T
INT. BAT (12V) JP1 DC- SMPS
DC
JP1 AC-
JP4 DC-
EXT. BAT (12V) DC PWA
DC
3.4. Signal Flow

Switch on the monitor

SMPS takes input supply from mains and converts it to +/-12V and +5V. It charges
battery voltage and gives supply to inverter PCB for display.

Motherboard receives +/-12V & +5V and distributes to the various modules.

Motherboard loads the system defaults and performs a self test by sensing the
connected module and poping up the respective module.

Motherboard sends the parameter settings to all the boards connected. The data
(digital values and waveforms) from all the boards is collected and displayed
according to the display format selected by the user. This data is also stored for
24hrs. trend. The same data is available for output in RS485 protocol for serial
communication.

Motherboard monitors for fault conditions from all the modules and displays
accordingly. It compares the data to the user set limits and gives alarm whenever
limits are violated.

Power supply monitors the battery voltage, if no input supply present. It sends low
battery message for display when battery level goes below the cut off voltage
(11.2 +/-0.2V).

15
3.5. System Specifications

3.5.1. Equipment Classification

Mode of operation : Continuous
Degree of mobility : Portable
Type of protection against : Class I
electric shocks
Degree of protection against : Type CF-ECG, IBP1, IBP2, T1, T2
and electric shock Respiration
Type BF-NIBP and CO2
Type B - SpO2
Degree of protection against : Drip proof
ingress of liquids

3.5.2. Power Supply

Voltage : 95 - 265V AC, 50 / 60Hz (+/- 5%)

Fuse : 3.15A
Battery :
Internal : 6V, 4A hr Lead Acid sealed (Qty2)
External : 12V, 2A(min)
Power supply by SMPS : +5V, +/-12V
Power supply of :
Main Board : +/-12V , +5V
Amplifier Module : +5 V
NIBP Module : +12 V
SpO2 Module : +/-12 V
Display : +12 V

16
3.5.3. Outputs

Recorder output (Optional) : 9 pin D sub connector (female) provided

as output for external recorder.
CNS interface : Type A USB connector for communica-
tion with Skyline. (L&T’s Central
Nursing station)
3.5.4. General

Dimension (H x W x D) : 202 x 310 x 230 mm.

Weight : 7.5 Kg(approx.) with batteries.
Operating Temperature : 0 - 40o C.
Operating Humidity : 10 to 90% RH (Non-condensing).
Storage Temperature : -10 to 50o C.
Storage Humidity : 0 to 90% RH (Non-condensing).
Operating Pressure : 500 to 900 mmHg.
Storage Pressure : 500 to 900 mmHg.

3.5.5. Standards

Class 1, Type CF equipment requirement of IEC 60601-1.

Level 2 requirement of IEC 60601-1-2.

3.5.6. ECG Standards

Meets the performance standards of ANSI/AAMI EC 13-2002. Instead of

a 1mV standardizing voltage a fixed, 1cm reference bar is always present
in the ECG display, along with the ECG size setting expressed in mm/mV.
The following information references particular sections of ANSI/AAMI EC
13-2002.

Respiration, leads off sensing waveform. AAMI 4.1.2.1 (b)

A 50kHz square wave is used to inject <300 A p-p differently between RA

and LA.

Tall T-wave rejection capability. AAMI 4.1.2.1 (c)

T-wave upto 1.2 mV amplitude will not affect heart rate determination.

17
Pacemaker pulse rejection. AAMI 4.1.4/4.1.4.1/4.1.4.2
Monitor will display fixed amplitude square pulses and HR - - for all
single and double pacemaker pulses either 150 or 250 msec apart
in the following range of width and amplitude.

Pacer pulse width Pacer Amplitude

2msec ±2mV to ±500mV
0.1msec ±5mV to ±100mV

Pacer pulse detector disabling. AAMI 4.1.4.5

Star 50 allows the user to enable or disable the pacer pulse detection.

18
3.6. Battery Requirement

Figure 3.14.

3.6.1. Battery Specification

Nominal Voltage : 6V Lead Acid battery (2 batteries
connected in series) .

Rated Capacity : 4 Ah
Dimensions* : 2.28 x 3.82 x 1.69 inches
Weight* : 1.30lbs (590g)

3.6.2. Characteristics
Capacity 20 hour rate (60mA) 1.2Ah
77oF (25oC) 10 hour rate (110mA) 1.1Ah
5 hour rate (200mA) 1.0Ah
1 hour rate (700mA) 0.7Ah
15 minute Rate 0.45Ah
Internal resistance full charged battery 77oF(25oF) 68mΩ

Capacity 104oF(40oC) 102%

affected 77oF(25oC) 100%
by temperature 32oF(0oC) 85%
(20 hour rate) 5oF(-15oC) 65%

Self Discharge Capacity after 3 months storage 90%

77oF (25oC) Capacity after 6 months storage 80%

* Height includes battery terminals.

19
20
Chapter 4 GETTING STARTED
Adhere to the installation requirements for the proper functioning of Star -50.

4.1. Input Mains Details

4.1.1. Power Supply
Voltage on Mains /Generator :
For 220-240V system:
• LINE - NEUTRAL : 230V +/- 5%, 50 Hz +/- 2Hz
• NEUTRAL-EARTH : <2V
• EARTH-LINE : 230V +/- 5%
• Fuse : 3.15A slow blow (2 no.)

For 110V system:

• LINE - NEUTRAL : 110V
• NEUTRAL-EARTH : <2V
• EARTH-LINE : 110V

4.1.2. Power rating

40 Watts without peripherals.
In case of power supply conditions not stable, we recommend use of power
conditioning equipment :
Types : CVT, Servo , UPS.
Input Voltage : 180 -270 V AC.
Output Voltage : 230V +/- 5%
Power capacity : 0.5kVA.

4.2. Installation Site Requirements

4.2.1. Ventilation
Ensure dust free and properly ventilated area.
Keep ambient temperature <35°C and relative humidity in the range of 10 to
85% (Non condensing).

4.2.2. Placement
Star -50 is a portable patient monitor. It can be placed on a table, trolly or stand.
Do not place the equipment in an enclosed area that could restrict heat dissipation
from the front or rear of the unit.

21
4.3. Unpacking & Installation Instructions
The Star -50 is properly packed to ensure safety during transport. Read the following
carefully to avoid surplus situations:
• Read the instructions on the box carefully.
• Verify the packing list.
• Unpack the box and remove the unit carefully.
• Check for any mechanical damage to the unit.
• Remove the knob support of Optical Encoder by sliding it sideways. Do not pull
the Optical Encoder.
• Check for the proper mains condition. (Refer section 2.1)
• Check the power cord which is going to connect to the Star -50.
• Connect the unit to the mains and switch it ON.
• Clear the trend.
• Keep the unit ON for 12 hours to charge the battery.

! Caution Do not install the unit if it is found mechanically damaged.

4.4. Turning the System ON and OFF

To turn power ON:
1. Locate the Mains Power switch on the rear panel of the unit and switch it ON.
(Refer section 3.2.3)
2. Press the Power ON/OFF switch on the front panel of the Star -50 to switch
ON the monitor.
(Refer section 3.2.1)

To turn power OFF:

1. Press the Power ON/OFF switch on the front panel of the Star -50 to switch
OFF the monitor.
2. Switch OFF the Mains Power switch on the rear panel.

22
4.5. Battery Charging & Checking
Star -50 has 6V Lead Acid battery (2 batteries connected in series)
Figure 3.14, Battery specifications on page 19.
Battery charging time :
The battery charges when the system is using AC power. If the system is
OFF and connected to AC power with the Mains ON/OFF switch in ON
position, a fully discharged battery charges in 12 hours.
Operation :
Backup time of 55-60 minutes is available with fully charged battery and with
2 minutes on NIBP timer and recorder ON for 8 seconds.
Checking the battery:
Switch OFF the Mains power switch on the rear panel and switch ON the power
Switch on the front panel as shown in figure 4.1. Unit is working on battery, if
orange LED glows and monitor switches ON.

Battery operating/Unit ON

Mains ON
Figure 4.1.

4.6. Connecting/Disconnecting Cables for Monitoring

Connect ECG cable, SpO2 cable, IBP, NIBP hose tube and temperature probe to the
connectors provided.
Figure 3.11, System Controls on page 12.
ECG :
• Match the notch and insert the 3/5 Lead ECG cable connector to the ECG
connector as shown in figure 4.2.
• To remove the connector, press the lever and pull out gently without rotating it.

Press and pull to remove

Figure 4.2.

23
SpO2, IBP and CO2:
• Insert the cable in the connector provided as shown in figure 4.3.
• Pull the holder without rotating to remove it.

Figure 4.3.

NIBP
• Insert the hose in the connector provided as shown in figure 4.4.
• Press the ring shown in figure 4.4 to remove the hose tube.

Push to eject the hose tube

Figure 4.4.

Temperature
• Insert the Temperature connector as shown in figure 4.5.
• Pull the temperature connector out to remove it.

Figure 4.5.

24
Chapter 5 CIRCUIT THEORY
5.1. Main Board
5.1.1. Microcontroller

The main board uses Microcontroller AM188EM. It has 20 address lines A0 to

A19 and 8 data lines D0 to D7. One of the features of the Microcontroller is that it
does not require ALE (Address Latch Enable), both Address and Data lines are
separate lines from the controller. It also has status signal S0, S1 and S2 along
with 3 programmable 16-bit timers. The power on reset comes from the IC U21.
There are 2 signals RESLOW and RESHIGH coming from this IC U21 ADM699.
The RESLOW signals take care of not displaying some junk data during the boot
up time. RESHIGH goes to the Display Circuit. The Microcontroller gets its clock
from the crystal X1 to the pins 13 and 14, named XTAL1 and XTAL2 respectively.
The clock frequency is 36.864MHz.

The 5 maskable interrupts, INT 0 to INT 4, of the Microcontroller are used along
with 1 Non-maskable interrupt (TRAP). The Controller handles different module
interrupts in programmed priority levels. The modules include ECG, SpO2, NIBP,
CO2 (provision only) and the fifth one is the keyboard interrupt. The Serial Port
Controllers (TL16C552) U21 and U22 generate the maskable interrupts. The
TIMER1 is used for generating clock of 2.5m sec. for refreshing the screen. The
controller also has a built in Serial Port, which is used for the Skyline (L&T’s
Central Nursing Station) communication.Three EEPROM’s U19 and U20, SRAM
U18 (TC551001) and NVRAM U9 (BQ4842) is controlled by the Controller. The
display information is written into the EDO DRAM(1MB x 10).

5.1.2. Address Decoding

The Microcontroller can address 1MB of memory space (220 address lines).
Different select signals are generated using the PAL IC U4 (22V10). The PAL
decodes the memory-based selections. The I/O based selections are done
through the IC U3 (74HC138). The 3-to-8 decoder gets its selection through the
signals A4, A5, A6 and uses the enable signals A7, IOCS.

25
5.1.3. Serial Port Controller

The serial communication is done using the IC TL16C552 U4 and IC TL16554

U3. Each IC has four serial ports & one parallel port. Each port has signals TxD,
RxD, INT and CS. TxD is the Transmit signal and RxD is the Receive signal. INT
signals come when some data is received and the ‘receive’ buffer is filled. CS
signal is the Chip Select signal to select a particular port, which is given by the
Microcontroller. The modules that which use these serial ports are ECG, SPO2,
NIBP and CO2. The parallel port of U22 is used for the printer communication.

5.1.4. Display Section

The display section is mainly controlled by the ICU31 (SED1355). It has 16 Address
lines, 16 Data lines. The Display Controller uses U14, U10 & U38, 3-state buffers
for TFT. The Controller accesses the EDO DRAM U15. It reads the data from the
Video-RAM to display the data on the Display. EDO DRAM is refreshed by the
Microcontroller for every 2.5msec. SED 1355 also parallely provides output for
CRT display (VGA output).

5.1.5. Speaker Circuit

The speaker circuit gets its input from X5, which is the output of the DAC U6
(MAX503). It has 8 data bit and a Vout, which is connected to a Multiplexer U16
(74HC4051). U5 gets its select signals from SEL0, SEL1 and SEL2. The DC
voltage accumulated in the capacitor C31 acts as the VDD for the MOSFET Q4
(ZVN2106). The TUNE signal controls the gate of the MOSFET, whose modulation
changes the tone.

5.1.6. Skyline Interface

The Microcontroller has a built-in serial port. This port is used for the Skyline
communication. MAX3157 is used to transmit and receive the signals to Skyline.
Pin 2 & 3 of U1 (MAX3157) is the SOLRECEN signal sent by the Microcontroller
to enable receive and transmit data. The output of U1 then directly goes to the
connector on rear of the chassis.

Note & Skyline PWA is an Add-on card on Main PWA

26
 5.1.7. Keyboard & Module Buffers

The buffer U2 (IC 74HC541) is used to scan for the keyboard data. The chip-
select signal KEYCS and IOR for IC U31 comes from U3 (74HC138) and PAL
U4 (22V10).

The Controller reads the buffer U11 (74HC541) to sense the connectivity of the
modules. The select signals for this IC are BUFCS and IOR, which come from
U23 and U22 respectively.
Select
signals
PAL/
SKYLINE PORT
Read serial DECODER
MICRO
port & CONTROLLER
interrupt AM188EM
SERIAL PORT
CONTROLLER EEPROM
Serial I/P
from
Writing to Every
modules w
Video RAM 2.5msec
Parallel
RAM
Port to
VIDEO RAM
Printer
64K
KEYBOARD/
Readingfrom
Reading to SENSE
R
Video RAM
BUFFER

DISPLAY
CONTROLLER
DAC/
MULTIPLEXER

To chassis
(Skyline)
To TFT ANALOG
Display BUFFERIN
G O/P

To chassis

27
 FIGURE 5.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM

A0 – A19 TO CONNECT
D0 – D7 BLOCK
KEYBOARD
POLLING R/G/B DATA
D0 – D7 H/Y SYNC

FROM K/B MICROPROCESSOR A0 – A19

CONNECTOR CHIP SELECT
CHIP TFT COLOUR
LOGICS
SELECTS MEMORY CONTROLLER

D0 – D7
CS
ECG
NIBP/SPO2, CHIP
RECORDER SELECTS DECOUP CAP

D0 – D7
INTERRUPTS

28
FOR VCC

SERIAL ANALOG
PORT BUFFER
DAC DAC O/P OUTPUT
PARALLEL EMI – DECOUPLING
PORT O/P SERIAL SERIAL SIGNAL FILTERS CAPACITORS
SKYLINE
DATA DATA COMMUN FILTERING
POWER IN OUT
ANALOG
SUPPLY
WAVE O/P
CONNECTORS

K/B PARLL/ LCD SPO2 ECG/IBP

SPK SERIAL BOARD NIBP BOARD
SKYLINE PORT
5.2. Amplifier Module
5.2.1. The Amplifier PWA comprises of
• Power supply isolation section
• 3 Lead / 5 Lead ECG Amplifier
• Respiration
• Invasive Blood pressure (2 channels)
• Temperature
• Processor

5.2.2. Power Supply Section

+5V from Main Board is chopped by IC 555 Timer(U 44) and fed to the
transformer(T2) for isolation. +5V & -5V are generated through MAX667(43) &
MAX660(42), filtered through inductors L3, L4, L5 for circuit power in the Amplifier
Board. +2.5 V is generated by AD 580 (Q7) and –2.5 V is generated by TL064
used in inverting amplifier configuration.

5.2.3. ECG Amplifier Section

ECG Amplifier section comprises of:
• Diathermy filter
• CAL pulse generation
• Lead selection section
• Fault detection
• Amplifier section
• ADC for digital conversion
• Processor section to transfer the digitized data to Main board through OPTO-
ISOLATORS.

The ECG signals from the patient leads (RA, LA, RL in three Lead & RA, LA, RL,
LL, CL in 5 Lead configuration) is passed through Diathermy filters whose cut-off
is around 300 Hz. The spark gaps at the input provide protection against high
voltage. The signals are buffered through OP-AMP. U1 to provide enough current
to source the further circuits.

 Fault Detection
Fault detection comprises Comparators. This compares the lead voltage with
2.5V ref to detect for the improper contact of lead electrodes.

CAL Pulse Generation

CAL pulse is generated by Analog Multiplexer. This switches between 2.5V &
GND. This voltage is sampled by 1M & 470 Ohms and taken to U4 (C). When
the user selects CAL in the ECG menu, Analog Multiplexer switches to send
CAL pulse to the further circuits.
29
  Lead Selection
4 to 1 Multiplexer U3(A &B) and U4(A) do lead Selection. These Multiplexers
select the lead inputs to be taken for the Differential Amplifier section, the
return path to the patient body to complete the circuit.

 3 Lead / 5 Lead Sensing Circuit

3 Lead / 5 Lead sensing is done by U50-A & U50-C. This senses the ES
signal to detect the cable type. In 3-lead cable, ES will be ‘0V’ and in 5-lead
cable, ES will be around ‘1.6V’. When ESENSE = Logic ’0’ & Flash =Logic ’1’,
cable is sensed as 5 lead, if both ESENSE & FLASH are Logic ’1’, then
cable is sensed as 3lead.

 Amplifier Stage
The leads being selected are passed through to Instrumentation Amplifier stage
(In channel card 1) to reject common mode noise and to give the differential
voltage between the selected leads. The gain of the Instrumentation Amplifier
is four. In 3 Lead configuration, signal is passed through only one channel (ECG
Channel 1) & return path to the patient is sent via T4064 (U2-A).
The Differential Amplifier output is fed through a BPF cum amplifier stage,
whose cutoff is 0.5 to 25Hz (For Star 50 USA it is 0.5 to 40Hz). In DIAG mode,
the lower cutoff is 0.05Hz & In MON mode, cut off is 0.5 Hz. U6-C, U6-B, U9-C
are used to switch between DIAG and MON mode.
The amplifier stage is divided into two stages (i.e. Gain 20 & Gain 5). In Gain
5 stage, gain control and offset control can be adjusted for appropriate
calibration. In 5 Lead Configuration, for gain adjustment, P6 for notch filter, P1
for CAL OR GAIN, P2 for offset in channel card I, II, III. The amplified signal is
passed through Low pass active filter whose cutoff is ‘300 Hz’ to remove high
frequency noise. The filtered signal is passed through 8 to1 channel Multiplexer
which selects the ECG signal at the rate of 200 samples /second.

5.2.4. Analog MUX, ADC, Gain Selection Section

The analog signals form ECG Amplifier (3 Channels), Invasive Blood Pressure
(2 Channels), Respiration & Temperature are passed to Analog Multiplexer to
convert the signals into digital data for Processor and Serial communication to
Main Board. This Multiplexer takes signals at the rate of 200 samples/second.
The Sampled signals are amplified as per the Gain selected by the user. This
gain variation is done by HC 4052A(U36) as per the control signals fed through
pin 9&10 of U36.
The amplified signals are clamped to vary between ‘–2.5V’ to ‘GND’ for ADC
purpose. MAX 192(U 37) , a 10 bit A/D Converter, is used to interface the amplified
signal to the Microcontroller 80251.

30
 5.2.5. Respiration Section
Respiration is measured by detecting the impedance variation between RA &
LA. RA & LA Signals are fed to the transformer. The secondary of the transformer
Tx is modulated with carrier frequency of 48KHz generated by 4050 (U16). OP-
AMP U18-A is used in amplitude modulation mode to modulate respiration signal
with 48KHz. The modulated wave is fed to Peak detector to detect the envelope
of the respiration signal.
The signal output of Peak detector is further amplified (Gain 20) by U17-B and
the amplified signal is fed to Low pass filter to eliminate high frequency harmonics.
Analog Multiplexer is used to switch between Respiration CAL & signal and the
signal is further amplified (Gain 1.5) and send to 8 to 1 Channels Multiplexer for
ADC.

Card Description

There are six add on channel cards placed on the ECG and Respiration main
PWA:
• Diathermy card
• ECG channel card 1
• ECG channel card 2
• ECG channel card 3
• Digital card
• Crystal card

DIATHERMY CARD DIGITAL CARD CRYSTAL CARD

CHANNEL CARD 1

CHANNEL CARD 2

CHANNEL CARD 3

Figure 5.2 :Respiration & ECG Main PWA

31
5.2.6. Invasive Blood Pressure and Temperature Section
The Invasive Blood Pressure is measured using transducer, which converts the
pressure into equivalent voltage. The transducer is energized by TL064 and
transistor network Q1 & Q2. The differential voltages between –IN1 & +IN2 are
measured using AD 620, passed through Low pass filter and then to the amplifier
stage . The gain of the amplifier can be varied from 3 to 5. 4053 and TL064
generate pressure calibration signal and then through trim pot P3. It can be
adjusted to set the CAL for 100 mmHg. Comparator circuit generates pressure
fault. Here the voltage is set between 1.25 V & 0.6V to generate the fault signal
when pressure signals are not within the limits.

Card Description

Four add on channel cards are placed on the IBP and Temperature main PWA.
There are:
• IBP card 1
• IBP card 2
• Temprature card
• Digital card
IBP CARD 2

IBP CARD 1

DIGITAL CARD TEMPERATURE

CARD

Figure 5.3 : IBP & Temperature Main PWA

32
5.2.7. Processor Section
The Processor section comprises of Microcontroller 80251 , D type edge triggered
flipflop 74574 , Buffer 74541 , 8K RAM and EEPROM 28F512.
80251, which is a 8-bit Microcontroller , takes the digital data from the ADC to
process and send it to Main Board serially at the rate of 32.25KB/s. It generates
Control signals for gain variation, Chip Select signals for the Multiplexers to sample
the data to be sent to ADC, neonate / adult selection, Read and Write signals for
the EEPROM etc.
74541 senses the fault conditions such as ECG, RESP, PRESS1,
PRESS2 faults and sends to Mainboard through 80251. The 74574 are used to
send control signals for the analog part of the circuit such as Overload signals
(EOL0, EOL1, EOL2), Lead selection signals (SEL0, SEL1),Temperature select
signals (TSEL0, TSEL1).

33
 Amplifier Blocks

EECG
CG&&Fault
Fault IBP
IBP&&Temperature
Temperature
EECG
CGdigital
digitalsection
section Respiration
RespirationSection
Section
Detection
DetectionCirc
Circuit
uit section
section

ECG + Respiration Board IBP + Temp. Board

Interface
InterfaceSection
Section

Figure 5.4 : Main Blocks of Amplifier Module

ECG
ECG Leads Lead Instrument
ESU Filter New filter
Cable Selector Amplifier

Lead select signal ECG o/p

(3lead cable) (ECG0)
Unity Gain
Amplifier

Protection Fault info to

Latch
Circuit controller

Figure 5.5 : ECG & Fault Detection Section

ECG0

ECG1
Channel
ECG2
Selector Gain Stage Final Offset Adj

Resp

Gain Select Lines

Serial Digital Serial ADC

Data to cont roller

Figure 5.6 : ECG Digital Section

34
 RA & LA
Lead Modulator Demodulator LPF

50KHz carrier Respiration Offset & Gain

Generator channel o/p Adjustment

Figure 5.7 : Respiration Section

IBP 1 Instrumentation Gain & Offset IBP1 o/p

Sensor Filter
Amplifier Adjust

IBP 2 Instrumentation Gain & Offset IBP2 o/p

Sensor Filter
Amplifier Adjust

Temp 1 Temp
Channel Filter & Offset o/p
Bridge Circuit
Selector Adjustment
Temp 2

Final
Gain Channel
Serial ADC Offset Adj
Stage Select
Stage

Serial Digital Data

to Controller Gain Select Lines Select Lines

Figure 5.8 : IBP & Temperature Section

To the main
Dual Art Controller board

Communication Communication with

with ECG card IBP & Temp card

Figure 5.9 : Interface Section

35
5.3. NIBP Module

+12v
µP SOLENOID
CAS
NIBP MODULE MAIN BOARD

SENSOR MOTOR

CUFF

FIGURE 5.10 : Block Diagram of NIBP Module

The NIBP module in Star - 50 is from CAS medical systems, USA. The technique used
is Oscillometric. The software eliminates most ambient noise and motion artifacts.
It operates on +12V DC supplied from SMPS through the main board and has a low
power consumption. It has a Microcontroller, EPROM, a motor, solenoids and sensing
circuits to perform inflation & deflation of the cuff, calculation of the mean reading etc.
The motor pumps the air into the cuff attached to the unit. The pressure sensors in this
module sense the pressure pumped in, and pass on the instructions to stop/start the
inflation according to the modes (Adult/Neonatal).
The solenoids are used to deflate the cuff in steps to sense the oscillations in the cuff
from which systolic & diastolic pressure is derived.
The microcontroller sends the information of systolic, diastolic and mean pressure
from the module to the main board in the serial form for display.
Self test is performed each time power is turned ON. Every time the cuff is inflated when
the pressure reaches 100mmHg, the module checks with its reference and calibrates
itself, in case of deviation.
The module also has inbuilt safety features for automatic detection of neonatal cuff in
adult mode, over pressure switch and cuff leakage sensing circuit. Whenever such
errors occur, the module sends the error code to the main board for display.

36
5.4. SpO2 Module

+12V
+12v µP

-12V
-12v NELLCOR
MAIN BOARD
SPO2 MODULE
CONTROL
CIRCUIT

SPO2 SENSOR

FIGURE 5.11 : Block Diagram of SpO2 Module

This module is from Nellcor Incorporated , USA.

It operates on +12V and –12V supply from the SMPS through main board.
It consists of a Microcontroller and a control circuit.
The finger probe houses an infrared , red LED and a photo detector. The infrared light
and red light is passed through the blood and detected by the photodetector to check
the absorption level. The signal is conditioned and used by the Microcontroller to derive
the oxygen saturation level and pulse rate .
The data is transferred serially to the Main board, where the display is refreshed.

37
5.5. Capnography Module

MAIN BOARD
+12V
πP VALVE

BCI BCI MOTOR

OPTICAL CAPNO MODULE
BENCH
NAFIAN TUBE

FILTER RESTRICTOR SENSOR

PATIENT SAMPLE LINE THROUGH WATER TRAP

Figure 5.12 : Block Diagram of Capnography Module

This is a modular capnometer that utilizes the MicroCap CO2 bench from BCI, USA.
This module communicates with the main board on serial protocol(RS232) providing
EtCO2, FiCO2 and respiration values which are updated on the display.
It provides digital values for EtCO2, FiCO2 and respiration values and also analog CO2
output. The analog output voltage reflects the CO2 mmHg in a range of 0-76mmHg
(approximately 60mV/mmHg).
All CO2 measurements are given in mmHg, kPa and %. This module can operate at an
input voltage of 9 to14 volts (3 watts).
The pump provides suction that draws the patient sample through the water trap Nafion
tubing NA3, filter and three way valve into the optical CO2 bench. The flow is restricted
by Restrictor. Approximately 5% of the sample is drawn through the water trap, through
another set of Nafion tube and filter. This provides a suction to draw water droplets into
the main bottle of the water trap. The pressure transducer is used to detect occlusion in
the sample line and to compensate the CO2 reading for changes in pressure.
Occlusion
When the sample line gets occluded, module raises an occlusion flag which,
bypasses the restrictor thereby increasing the flow rate from the patient
dramatically. Additionally, the valve will open periodically to flush air back through
the CO2 bench and filter to free the occlusion till the occlusion is cleared.
Calibration
This modules require three types of calibration:
1. Zero Cal is done by the module automatically when it senses a change in
temperature in the module.
2. Low Cal is done by the user whenever required.
38
3. High Cal The external capnography module of Star-50 should be calibrated once
in six months by L&T authorised service personnel for its smooth and proper
functioning.

Press optical encoder during start up sequence. The menu appears on the screen as:

CLR TREND DATE TIME ADULT SERVICE BED NO. EXIT

Enter the password in

the following sequence.

PressOpticalEncoder

DEMO MODE SERVICE MODE PRODUCTION QA EXIT

HR ALM CON ON 02 FR NIBP NIBP UNIT HIGH CAL EXIT

Connect the Star-50, capnography module and CO2 calibration gas cylinder as
shown in the figure 5.13 below and follow the procedure described.

CO2
Module
Open
Open STAR
Water trap to
cylinder

Sample line
Calibration Cylinder
Keep Open
T - connector

Figure 5.13 : High Cal Set up

39
1. Switch ON the unit, Green LED will glow in Star-50 as well as in CO2 module.
2. Press any Hard key or optical encoder of Star-50 to enter SETUP screen.
3. Select SERVICE in menu.
4. Go to SERVICE MODE and select HIGH CAL.
5. Following messages will be displayed on the screen:
PLEASE WAIT
SENSOR STABILISING
FOR HIGH CALIBRATION
TIME REMAINING: 2 MIN

6. After this elapsing time Star-50 will show the following messages:
ENSURE PROPER GAS CONNECTION
LAST CALIBRATED:
ENSURE CO2 GAS CONCENTRATION: 10%

START CAL
STOP CAL

7. Open the knob on the cylinder provided, with the regulator and select START CAL.
8. CONFIRM message will be displayed, acknowledge the message.
9. Star-50 will display the following messages:
CALIBRATING……
PLEASE WAIT.
10. After calibration is completed, following messages are displayed:
Cal OK…
RESTART CAL
EXIT CAL

11. In case of error, following messages will be displayed:

Cal error…
RESTART CAL
EXIT CAL

12. Exit and switch off and on the monitor, measure the CO2 reading and confirm the
readings.

40
5.6. Universal Power Supply
5.6.1. AC-DC Converter

L
N EMI Rectifier Capacitive
E Filter Filter

High
Input DC High
Frequency Output
Voltage Top Switch Frequency
Secondary Filter
Sense Transformer
Rectifier

Opto Feed
Back With
Isolation

Figure 5.14. Block Diagram of AC- DC Converter

JP1 : Input Connector

1 - Line
2 - Not used
3 - Neutral

JP2 : Output Connector

1 - 16.4V
2 - Not used
3 - Ground

Figure 5.15. Connector Details

This AC-DC Converter is designed for 49.2W of power. It has fly-back topology.
Block Description
EMI Filter
This will help to reject the line noise and filter out the power supply
generated noise. The filter winding resistance and inductance can
provide the necessary series impedance to limit the transient current for
efficient transient suppression.

Rectifier
The bridge rectifier converts input AC to DC. The rectified DC will have
some small ripple.

41
 Capactive Filter
In this an Electrolytic capacitor is used as an input filter, where it filters the
AC component present in the rectified voltage (reduces ripple).

Top Switch
It is an integrated chip with PWM controller and MOSFET, which operates as
current mode controller.

High Frequency Transformer

This normally provides galvanic isolation between input and output. The
high voltage DC is fed to the primary winding of the transformer where the
DC is chopped at very high frequency (130 KHz). There are two secondary
windings with one used to generate the required output and the other used
to generate auxiliary power supply for control and protection.

High Frequency Secondary Rectifier

The high frequency low voltage obtained from the secondary winding is
rectified by a Diode.

Output Filter
The rectified voltage will have small ripple, which is filtered by using
Electrolytic filter capacitor and Inductor. One more capacitor is connected
across this filter to suppress the switching noise generated at the output.

OPTO Feedback with Isolation

Voltage feedback
The output voltage is regulated using the feedback section. The
output voltage is sensed and compared with a reference voltage
using a comparator. Output of the comparator turns on an opto-
coupler, which inturn varies the duty cycle of the main switching
device depending on the output voltage, and thus controls the
output voltage.
Current feedback
The output current is sensed and compared with a reference using
a comparator. The output of the comparator turns on the opto-
coupler, which varies the duty cycle of the switching device and
thus fold-back the output at the required current.

Protections
Primary Side Protection
Snubber
ZCD (Zener, Capacitor & Diode) & snubber is selected to remove
the energy stored in the leakage inductance of transformer, which
avoids TOP Switch failure.

42
 Inrush Current Limit
The inrush current is limited by using a thermistor in series with the
circuit.

Input Over Voltage

The power supply disables the output when the input exceeds more
than 290V AC. This is achieved by using Top-switch. Output is also
disabled when the input voltage is less than 90VAC.

Secondary Side Protection

Short Circuit
When the output is short-circuited the power supply goes into hiccup
mode. This is achieved by pulse-by-pulse current limit of the TOP
Switch.

5.6.2. DC - DC Converter

AC
Rectifier
AC Input AC ON Indication +12V
DC +
Filter

High Rectifier
‘OR’
‘OR” Frequency +
-12V
Ext. Batt.
Transformer Filter

3.15A Fuse
Battery Switching Rectifier
Charger + +5V
Device
Filter

Int. Batt.
ON/OFF
Control PWM
Controller

B/L Cut Off

Battery Low
Logic & 5V O/P B/L Signal
over Voltage

Figure 5.16. Block Diagram of DC - DC PWA

43
 JP1 - INT - BAT JP4 - EXT - BAT
JP2 - TO Main PWA JP5 - RECORD
JP3 - TO INV JP6 - NIBP
Figure 5.17. Connector Details

This DC-DC converter operates from AC-DC converter output, that is 16.4V DC or
internal battery (10.4V –13.8V) or external battery. This converter gives three outputs
i.e. +12V, -12V and +5V.

Description Of Block Diagram

The power supply is divided into the following sections:

Battery Charger Section

16.4V from AC –DC converter is fed to the Battery Charger section.
Battery Charger voltage is set in this circuit. A diode is used for Battery
reverse protection. AC ON indication will come when the DC-DC con
verter is working from AC -DC converter.

DC – DC Section
A current mode PWM controller is used to drive the Switching device.
This includes a High frequency transformer, which operates at a frequency
of 30KHz. The secondary of this is rectified and filtered to get 3 different
outputs i.e. +12V, -12V and +5V. A portion of 5V is fedback through a
resistor divider network to PWM controller, which varies the duty cycle
and thus controls the output voltage.

ON / OFF Section
In this section a flip-flop & a transistor is used to avoid cold start & control
the ON/OFF.

Battery Low Section

The Battery voltage is sensed. Output of comparator keeps current sense
pin high, which reduces the duty cycle of the switching device thus
making the output voltage zero.

44
 5V Over Voltage Section
5V output is sensed. If 5V exceeds the limit, it reduces the duty cycle of
MOSFET and shuts off the output voltage.

5.6.3. Recorder Power Supply

Introduction
The Recorder power supply is based on LM2575 series switching regulators.
LM2575 – 5 is a fixed output (5V) regulator where as LM2576 – Adj is an
adjustable version. These regulators are meant for step – down switching
regulator. These regulators switch at a fixed frequency of 52 KHz. They
incorporate thermal shutdown and current limit protections.

Block Diagram Description

The block diagram shows an input filter stage, main switching regulator, output
filter & inductor, ON /OFF and over voltage shutdown logic.

Filters and Output Inductors

The input and output filters are electrolytic capacitors meant to smoothening
or to eliminate any ripple component in either the input or output.
Inductors are used for filtering high frequency noise in the output. The output
inductors are part of the buck converter, which helps in stepping down the
voltage to the required value by virtue of its inductive property.

Switching Regulators
As mentioned earlier the switching regulators (2575 – 5, 2576 – Adj) switch
at 52 KHz and incorporate internal protections.
FEEDBACK: The output voltage is fixed by the potential divider network,
which feeds a portion of the output voltage to the feedback pin of the
regulator as a reference.

ON/OFF and Over Voltage Protection Logic

Input to the Recorder power supply is derived from the DC – DC power
supply. The ON /OFF i.e. SHDN signal from the DC - DC switches the
recorder ON or OFF. A low on SHDN turns the Recorder supply ON and a
HIGHturns it OFF. A 5V over voltage logic is provided to shut off the 5V
output whenever 5V exceeds the set limits. Under normal working condition
the shutdown signals SD1 and SD2 are low.

45
VBAT Output
Switching 5V Output
Inductor
Input Filter Regulator
+
(5V)
Filter

Shut Down
Feedback

Output
Switching
Inductor 8V Output
Input Filter Regulator
+
(8V)
Filter

Shut
Down Feedback

From DC-DC On/Off & Over

Card Voltage Logic

Figure 5.18. Block Diagram of Recorder PSU

JP1 - FROM DC-DC PWA

JP4 - TO RECODER
JP3 - TO Inverter PWA

Figure 5.19. Connector Details

46
5.7. Display

Display of Star-50 is TFT (Thin Film Transistor) active matrix colour Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) comprising amorphous silicon TFT attached to each signal electrode, a
driving circuit and a backlight.It has a built-in backlight which includes long-life lamps,
these lamps are replacable.
The 10.4” diagonal display area contains 640 x 480 pixels and can display 262144
colors simultaneously.
The display features :
• High luminance (300 cd/m2, typ.)
• Low reflection
• Wide viewing angle with retardation film (Antiglare treatment)
• Display reverse scan function
• 6-bit digital RGB signals
• Edge type backlight with long-life-lamps (Two lamp holders, inverter-less)
• Variable luminance control

The use of an inverter is recommended.

47
5.8. Special Functions

SPECIAL FUNCTION ADJUSTMENT MENU DISPLAYED IF OPTICAL

ENCODER IS PRESSED DURING SELF TEST (START UP SEQUENCE)

CLR TREND DATE TIME ADULT SERVICE BED NO. EXIT

Enter the password in the following sequence

Press Optical Encoder

DEMO MODE SERVICE MODE PRODUCTION QA EXIT

FACTORY
HR ALRAM CONON SETTING
ON
02FR NIBP OFF
NIBP UNIT mmHg
kPa
NIBP CUT STRAT CAL
STOP CAL
EXIT

DISPLAY ECG IBP NIBP CO2 LANG KEY EXIT

Factory mmHg TEST FRENCH

setting kPa EXIT SPANISH
EXIT ENGLISH BAHASA
ITALIAN
EXIT
If the user

selects any language,

message ‘PLEASE RESTART’
will appear on screen and
user has to restart the
system.

48
Chapter 6 ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY

This chapter explains the procedures to disassemble the instrument so that faulty
assemblies can be removed & replaced. Do not disassemble the product further beyond
the point described in these procedures.

6.1. General
A. Removal
• Disconnect the Mains supply before removing the covers.
• Remove all the accessories gently that are connected to the unit.

! Caution Do not pull by wire. Hold firmly on the connector housing.

Note

• Anti static precautions is a must for ESD protection.

• Disconnect the internal battery.
• Remove the connector (CON3) from SMPS PWA before dismantling.

B. Refitting
• Replace the defective assembly with the new assembly.

49
6.2. Rear Cover

1. Remove the three screws as shown in figure 6.1.

1 2

3
Figure 6.1

2. Gently slide out the rear cover as shown in figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2

50
6.3. Base Plate

1 3

1. Keep the unit sideways.

2. Remove the four foot screws as shown in
figure 6.3.
3. Remove the base plate.

4
2

Figure 6.3

6.4. Main PWA

1. Remove the rear cover as described in section 6.2
2. Remove all cables and FRC’s from the Main PWA.
a. CON 3 to SpO2 Module.
b. CON 2 to Amplifier Module.
c. CON 10 to Analog on the rear panel.
d. CON 11 to Comm., SYNC and speaker on the rear panel.
e. CON 4 to NIBP Module.

3. Remove the screw marked in figure 6.4 and loosen the screw marked in
figure 6.5 and slide the lever out.

Figure 6.4 Figure 6.5

51
 4. Slide the motherboard upwards slightly
and remove the following connectors.
a. CON 1 to SMPS.
b. CON 5 to external Capnography
module.
c. CON to the inverter PWA.

5. Slide out the main PWA.

Figure 6.6

6.5. Amplifier Module Note Always place the unit on the cushion when
keeping it upside down, to avoid damage
to the front panel and screen.

1. Remove the rear cover as described in

section 6.2.
2. Remove the base plate as described in
section 6.3.
3. Disconnect the connector (JP 7) to Main PWA
(CON 2).
1 2 4. Remove the two screws as shown in figure 6.7.

Figure 6.7
Note check for the lock properly while fixing and removing the amplifier module.

5. Slide the amplifier module slightly

backward and then lift it upwards.

Figure 6.8

52
6.6. SpO2 Module

1. Remove the rear cover as described in

section 6.2.
2. Remove the base plate as described in
section 6.3.
3. Disconnect the connector from Main PWA.
(CON 3).
4. Remove the two screws on the bottom of
the chassis as shown in figure 6.9.
5. Slide the SpO2 module slightly backward
1 2 and then lift it upwards.
Figure 6.9

Note Check for the lock properly while fixing

and removing the SpO2 module.

Figure 6.10

6. Slide SpO2 assembly inwards till the projection (marked in figure 6.9) gets separated
from the chassis then lift & pull out the module.
7. Remove NIBP TUBE.
8. Remove the NIBP connector connected to the plastic housing by removing nut from
inside.
9. Remove the SpO2 module out.

53
6.7. NIBP Module

1. Remove the rear cover as described in

section 6.2.
2. Remove the connector (CON4) from the
1 main PWA.
2
3. Remove the tubing from NIBP female
coupling on the SpO2 module
4 Remove the four screws as shown in
figure 6.11.
5. Take the assembly out.
3 4
Figure 6.11

6.8. SMPS

1. Remove the rear cover as

described in section 6.2
2. Remove the inverter PWA (incase of
inverter fixed on SMPS)
3. Remove three screws on rear
panel as shown in figure 6.12.
4. Remove connector from Main PWA
(CON 1).

1 2 3
Figure 6.12

5. Remove the +ve & -ve terminals from the battery.

6. Remove EARTH Cable from SMPS.
7. Push the SMPS inwards slightly and lift the SMPS.

! Caution Do not short the external DC jack to avoid sparking and failure of the machine.

54
6.9. Front Panel

1. Remove the Rear cover as described in section 6.2.

2. Disconnect the following cables:
a. Connector from Display module to
the Main PWA(CON12).
b. FRC (JP3) from the Keyboard
module to Main PWA.
3. Keep the machine upside down. Ensure
that Optical Encoder is not touching the table.
4. Remove the top screw on the brackets
fixed to the front panel from either side as
shown in figure 6.13.
Figure 6.13

5. Remove the two screws as shown in

figure 6.14.

1 2
Figure 6.14

6. Gently lift the chassis and keep it aside.

Figure 6.15

55
6.10. Display

2
a
b

c
4 3

Figure 6.16

1. Remove the rear panel as described in section 6.2.

2. Remove the front panel as described in section 6.9.
3. Remove the TFT display and Inverter cable assembly from power supply and Main
PWA.
4. Remove the four screws (1 to 4) on the corners of the TFT display module as
shown in figure 6.16.

Note Clean the display surface with LINT-PROOF cloth before fixing it.

6.11. Keyboard And Optical Encoder

1. Remove the rear panel as described in section 6.2.

2. Remove the front panel as described in section 6.9.
3. Remove the TFT display and Inverter cable assembly
from power supply and Main PWA.
4. Remove all connectors of the keyboard.
Figure 6.17
a) FRC (JP3) to the Main PWA (CON 6).
b) Connector (JP2) goes to the Optical Encoder mounted on it.
5. Remove cap of Optical Encoder from the front side.
6. Remove the three screws (a, b & c) of keyboard PWA as shown in figure 6.16.
7. Remove JP2 on keyboard.
8. Remove Optical Encoder by loosening the clamping nut as shown in figure 6.17.

56
6.12. Battery
1. Remove the rear cover as described in section 6.2.
2. Remove the four screws on the chassis.
3. Remove CON 10 (Analog output) from Main PWA.
4. Remove the connector to the speaker on the rear cover.
5. Remove all the spade terminal from battery.
6. Pull the battery out.

! Caution Ensure the polarities on the battery during refitting.

Figure 6.18

57
58
Chapter 7 UPGRADATION

7.1. Software for Upgradation

1. Remove the Main PWA (Refer section 6.4 for removal of Main PWA).
2. Replace EEPROMs (U19 and U20) with desired/latest version.

! Caution
• Use EEPROM remove to remove EEPROMs.
• Do not interchange U19 & U20 on the main PWA.
• Match the notch of EEPROM while putting it back.

7.2. To Add Dual Invasive Pressures (IBP1 & IBP2)

1. Remove the Amplifier module as described in section 6.5.
2. Break open the plastic housing to open the connections for P1 & P2.
3. Slide the cable into the gapfrom outside & insert the nut through the cable
connector.
4. Tighten the nut.
5. Connect the cables:
P1 - JP2.
P2 - JP3.

Note Arrow mark on the plastic socket should be on the top.

6. Place the metal plate socket should be on the top.

7.3. To Add NIBP

1. Remove the rear cover as described in section 6.2.
2. Break open the plastic housing to open the connection for NIBP.
3. Insert NIBP socket from out side & Fix it by tightening the nut from inside.
4. Fix NIBP module with the help of four screws.
5. Fix NIBP tube on NIBP socket.
6. Fix FRC from J2 (on NIBP BOARD) to CON4 on MAIN PWA.

59
7.4. To Add SpO2:

1. Remove SpO2 module as described in section 6.6.

2. Break open the plastic housing to open connection for SpO2.
3. Slide the covering plate.
4. Insert SpO2 socket from outside & tighten the nut from inside.
5. Mount SpO2 PWA inside the module using two screws.
6. Connect the cable from SpO2 socket to JP1 on PWA.
7. Connect FRC cable from SpO2 module to CON 3 on main PWA.

60
Chapter 8 TROUBLESHOOTING

8.1. System Diagnosis

This chapter covers basic diagnostic and troubleshooting procedures you may need
if the system does not operate properly. Make sure thorough check of the system
has been done before troubleshooting.

Note The system is repairable through subassembly replacements

8.2. Error Codes

a. Loose cuff - Weak or no oscillometric signal
Corrective Action
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Check that the cuff is properly tightened.
Check that there is no excessive clothing between the arm and the cuff.
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.

b. MST exceeded measurement time limit

(The patient may have been moving too much)
Corrective Action
Check that the cuff is properly tightened.
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.
Check that there is no excessive clothing between the arm and the cuff.

c. Pneumatic Blockage
Corrective Action
Check that the hose has no sharp bends or is pinched.
Check that the patient is not lying on the cuff.
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.

61
d. Air Leak - Inflate Timeout
Corrective Action
Check that the hose is connected to the system and the cuff.
Check that the cuff is properly tightened.
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.
Check that the cuff is not leaking air.
Check that the hose connections are not damaged or loose.

e. Safety Timeout
(The patient may have been moving too much)
Corrective Action
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Take another BP reading.

f. Cuff Overpressure
Corrective Action
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.
Check that the hose has no sharp bends or is pinched.
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Check that the patient is not lying on the cuff.

g. Excessive motion
(The patient may have been moving too much)
Corrective Action
Check that the cuff is properly tightened.
Check that the cuff is in the correct position.
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.
Check that there is no excessive clothing between the arm and the cuff.

h. Cuff position error

(The patient may have been moving too much)
Corrective Action
Check that the correct size cuff is being applied.
Check that the cuff is in correct position.

62
8.3. Power Supply Check

CONNECTOR PIN NO. VOLTAGES

JP2 10 4.85 to 5.1 V
JP2 with NIBP ON 8 11.4 to 12.6 V
JP2 7 -10.0 to -12.6 V
JP1 1 13.4 to 14.2 V
CON 2 AC DC Across PIN 1 and 3 16.0 to 16.6 V
Low Battery 11.2 to 12.0 V

63
8.4. Troubleshooting Chart

Unit not working A

Parameter not getting selected B

No Display C

ECG not working D

SPO2 not working E

NIBP not working F

IBP1 & IBP2 not working G

Temp not working H

Capnography not working I

64
 A

Check Mains Supply

No
Mains supply N Get the mains supply
OK? corrected

Yes
Y

Check Mains Fuses

No
Mains fuses N
Replace the fuses
OK?

Yes
Y

Open the unit and check 13.8V

on AC-DC card, Con. J2

Check all voltages of DC-DC

PWA

No
Voltages N
Replace the PSU
OK?

Yes Y

Check Keyboard connection

Yes
Connection Y Replace Keyboard
OK?

No N

Secure connections

Yes
Corrected? Y
Unit switching ON

No N
Replace motherboard

65
 B

Check the accessory connection to the unit for that

particular parameter

N No Make proper connections

Connections OK?
& try

Yes Y

Problem persists ?
N
NO
Y Yes

Restart the unit

Check for parameter ICON popup during

the self test

No Yes
Y
ICON pop ups?

Yes N No

Check the connection of the parameter

Module to the motherboard

No
N Make proper connections & try
Connections OK?

Y No
Problem persists? N

Yes
Y
Replace the module

No
Replace main N
ICON pop ups?
PWA

YesY

Unit is working satisfactorily

66
 C
C
N

Is the SMPS
N N No
voltages OK? Replace SMPS
Replace SMPS

No
Unit working, beep, alarm N
sound present but no display ? Replace
Replace Motherboard
Motherboard

Yes
Y Yes

Replace
Replace inverter
Inverter

No
No
Is same
Is same status?
status? Unitisisok
Unit OK?

Yes

Y Yes
Yes

Replace
ReplaceDisplay
Display

Is same status?
Yes

Y Yes
Yes

67
 X

Remove all all

Remove thethe
connectors
connectorsfrom
motherboard except K/B
from motherboard except K/B
And display cables
and display cables

Connect NIBP Module cable to

the motherboard

No
No Replace NIBP
Display OK? N Replace NIBP
module
module

Y Yes
Yes

Connect amplifier module

cable to the motherboard

No
No Replace
ReplaceECG
ECG
Display OK? N
module
module

Yes
Yes
Y

Connect SPO2 module

cable to motherboard

No Replace
Replace SPO2
SpO
Display OK? N 2
module
module

Y
Yes
Yes

Start the monitoring, unit is

Unit Working
workingsatisfactorily
satisfactorily

68
 DD

Is ECG poping N No
B
up?

Y Yes

Check ECG N
No
Replace ECG cable
cable

Y Yes

Check 5V on No
N Replace SMPS
SMPS

Y Yes

Replace ECG module

Is same N No
Unit working satisfactorily
status?

Y Yes

Replace main PWA

69
 E

No
SPO2 getting N
B
Detected?

Y Yes

No
Is SPO2 sensor and N Replace the defective
extension cable OK?

Y Yes

No
Check +/- 12V N
Replace SMPS
on SMPS

Yes
Y

Replace SPO2 module

No
Is same status? N Unit working satisfactorily

Y Yes

Replace main PWA

70
 F

No
NIBP icon
N
poping up? B
DB

Y Yes

No
Is NIBP cuff
Hose assembly N Replace the defective
OK?

Y
Yes

No
Check +12V N Replace the SMPS
on SMPS

Y Yes

Replace NIBP module

No
Is same status? N
Unit working satisfactorily

Y Yes

Replace main PWA

71
 GG

Is IBP1
IBP1 &
& IBP2 NNo
B
B
poping up?
poping up?

Y Yes

No
Is N
Is sensor
sensorOK?
OK? Replace
Replacesensor
sensor

Y Yes

No
IsIs
IBP
IBPextension
extension N Replace extension
Replace cablecable
extension
cable
cable OK?
OK?

Y Yes

No
Check for +5V
Check for +5V on
on N
Replace SMPS
Replace SMPS
ECG
ECGmodule?
module?

Y Yes

Replace
ReplaceECG module
ECG module

Yes
Is problem
Is problem Y
Replace main PWA
persisting?
persisting?

N No

Unit working satisfactorily

72
 H

No
Is Temp icon N
B
poping up?

Y
Yes

No
Is accessories N Replace relevant accessories
OK?

Y Yes

No
Check for +5V N Replace SMPS
on main PWA

Y Yes

Replace ECG module

Yes
Is problem Y
Replace main PWA
persisting?

Unit working satisfactorily

73
 II

No
IsIsEtCO
the icon
2
icon N B
poping up?
poping up? B

Y Yes

Check cable b/w No

N
CO 2 module
EtCO &&
module Replacecable
Replace cable
2
equipment?

Y
Yes

Is water trap No
N
Working Replace watertrap
Replace water trap
properly?

Y
Yes

Is sample line, No
N Replace the Tube
nafion tube OK? Replace
Replacethe
theTube
tube

Y Yes

ReplaceEtCO
Replace
Replace CO
CO22module
module
module
2

74
8.5. Spare Parts List

Sr. Part Number Description Ctry.* Repl.

No. Code*

1 F3-86-100-0022-18 Adult cuff - 14 cm A NR

2 F3-86-100-0023-15 Child cuff - 9 cm A NR
3 F3-86-100-0029-94 Infant cuff (disposable) 3 cm X 10 No. A NR
4 F3-86-100-0011-51 Hose tube assembly A NR
5 F3-85-390-0028-61 3 lead ECG Cable A NR
6 F3-86-390-0074-83 5 lead ECG cable A NR
7 F3-85-390-0024-73 SpO2 Extension cable A NR
8 F3-86-390-0055-43 Battery Kit A NR
9 F3-86-390-0349-34 Recorder Upgrade Kit A NR
10 3-86-150-0023-23 Knobset M NR
11 0-00-514-0033-88 Fuse 3.15A/250V Fast blow M NR
12 0-00-514-0037-76 Fuse 5A/250 Fast blow M NR
13 3-86-100-0013-45 Cable Assly DC-DC-Invertor PWA M NR
14 3-86-390-0003-05 Cable Assly Analog output M NR
15 3-86-390-0004-02 Cable Assly Printer Interface M NR
16 3-86-390-0008-87 Cable Assly NIBP-Main PWA M NR
17 3-86-390-0011-78 Cable Assly DC-DC-Main PWA M NR
18 3-86-390-0103-93 Cable Assly Main PWA-LCD M NR
19 3-85-390-0016-97 Cable assy- Main PWA to SpO2 M NR
20 3-85-390-0015-03 Cable assy- Main PWA to Amplifier M NR
21 F3-86-390-0286-29 Cable from machine to capno module M NR
22 0-00-495-0009-91 Optical encoder assly N NR
23 3-86-390-0005-96 Speaker Assembly N R
24 3-86-390-0021-48 Front panel N R
25 3-86-390-0027-30 Complete Key board Assembly N R
26 3-86-190-0001-76 Chassis N NR
27 3-86-160-0012-77 Filter glass N R
28 3-86-150-0009-65 Foot Lunar N R
29 3-86-170-0020-74 Bottom Cover Star-50 N R
30 3-86-115-0033-65 Main board software upgrade kit N NR
31 3-86-110-0012-69 ECG software upgrade kit N NR
32 F3-86-290-0026-17 Main PWA P R
33 F3-86-290-0006-77 NEC Invertor Assembly P R

75
34 F3-86-100-0005-69 NIBP Module P R
35 F3-86-390-0025-36 SpO2 Module P R
36 F3-86-390-0281-44 ECG Module P R
37 3-86-390-0052-52 Power Supply (SMPS) P R
38 3-86-390-0057-37 External jack cable assy. N NR

& NOTE
*Category (Ctry.)
A : Accessory
M : Miscelleneous item
N : Non-PWA assembly
P : PWA Assembly

*Replace Code (Repl. Code)

NR : Non-repairable item. To be purchased.
R : Repairable item. Replacement is available.

76
 GLOSSARY
A D
About the System 1 Display Controller 7
Audience 1 DC-DC Converter 8, 43
Anti-Static 5 Display unit 8
Asynchronous Communication Elements 7 DURA-100 Durasensor 10
Amplifier Module 8, 29, 52 DURA-Y 10
AC-DC Converter 8, 41 Display Section 26
Accessories 9 Diathermy filter 29
AAMI Standard 18 Description of Block Diagram 44
Address Decoding 25 Display 47, 56
Analog MUX 30
Amplifier Blocks 34 E
Assembly/Disassembly 49 Electrical Safety 3
Equipment Safety 4
B ESD Protection 4
Battery Requirement 19 ESD Protection Materials 5
Battery Specification 19 EPROM 7
Battery Charging and Checking 23 Extension Cable 10
Battery Charging time 23 Equipment Classification 16
Block Diagram 28 ECG Standards 17
Battery low section 44 Earth 21
Block Diagram Description 45 EDO DRAM 25
Block Diagram of Recorder PSU 46 ESENSE 30
Base Plate 51 EMI Filter 41
Battery 57 Error Codes 61

C F
Caution 2, 3, 22, 49, 54, 57, 59 Front Panel 11, 55
Conductive 5 Fault Detection 29
Control Circuit 8 Filters and output Inductors 45
CNS Interface 17
Characteristics 19 G
Connecting / Disconnecting cables for Grounding 5
monitoring 23 General 17, 49
Checking the battery 23 Getting Started 21
CAL Pulse Generation 29 Generator 21
Card Description 31, 32 Gain Selection Section 30
Capnography Module 38
Capactive Filter 42 H
Current Feedback 42 High Cal 39
Connector Details 46 High Frequency Transformer 42
Category 76 High Frequency Secondary
Transformer 42
High Luminance 47

77
I Opto feedback with isolation 42
Isolation 5 ON-OFF Section 44, 45
Interconnection Diagram 14 Over Voltage Section 45
Input Mains Details 21 ON/OFF And Over Voltage
IBP and Temperature Section 32 Protection Logic 45
Inrush Current Limit 43
Input Over voltage 43 P
Introduction 45 Pulse Oximeter 10
Power Supply 16
K Peace maker Pulse Rejection 18
Keyboard Interface 7 Power Rating 21
Keyboard & Optical Encoder 9, 56 Placement 21
Keyboard & Module Buffers 27 PAL IC U4 25
Processor Section 33
L PWM Controller 42
LCD 8 Protections 42
Line 21 Primary Side Protection 42
Lead selection 31 Power Supply Check 63
Low Cal 38
Low reflection 47 R
RS485 7
M RTC 7
Methods of Protection 5 Rear Panel 13
Methods of Elimination 5 Rated capacity 19
Main Board 7, 25 RESLOW 25
Microcontroller 25 RESHIGH 25
MOSFET 42 Respiration Section 31
Main PWA 51 Rectifier 41
Recorder power Supply 45
N Removal 49
Note 26, 49, 52, 53, 56, 59, 61, 76 Refitting 49
Neutralization 5 Rear cover 50
NIBP Module 8, 36, 54 Replace Code 76
Nominal Voltage 19
Neutral 21 S
System Software 2
O Safety 3
Outputs 17 Static Dissipative 5
Operation 23 System Architecture 7
Opto-isolators 29 System Description 7
Occlusion 38 SRAM 7
Calibration 38 Skyline Interface 7, 26
Output filter 42 SPO2 Module 8, 37, 53

78
SMPS 8, 54 U
System Controls 11 Unpacking and Installations 22
Side Panel 12 Universal Power Supply 41
Signal flow 15 Upgradation 59
System Specifications 16
Standards 17 V
Self Discharge 19 Video RAM 7
Serial Port Controller 26 Ventilation 21
Speaker Circuit 26 Voltage feedback 42
Snubber 42
Secondary side Protection 43 W
Short Circuit 43 Warning 2, 3
Switching Regulators 45 Wrist strap 5
SHDN Signal 45
Special Functions 48 X
Software for upgradation 59 XTAL1 25
System Diagnosis 61 XTAL2 25
Spare Parts List 75
Y
T YSI 400 Series 10
TFT 8
To turn power ON 22 Z
To turn power OFF 22 Zero Cal 38
Temperature 24 ZCD 42
Top Switch 42
To Add NIBP 59
To Add SpO2 60
Troubleshooting 61
Troubleshooting Chart 64

79