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The Structure and Function of DNA

DNA is a crucial molecule that carries genetic information, essential for inheritance and cellular functions. Its structure is a double helix made of nucleotides, with specific base pairing, and it plays a key role in genetic information storage and protein synthesis. Applications of DNA technology include genetic engineering, forensic science, and medical diagnostics, highlighting its significance in various fields.

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12 views2 pages

The Structure and Function of DNA

DNA is a crucial molecule that carries genetic information, essential for inheritance and cellular functions. Its structure is a double helix made of nucleotides, with specific base pairing, and it plays a key role in genetic information storage and protein synthesis. Applications of DNA technology include genetic engineering, forensic science, and medical diagnostics, highlighting its significance in various fields.

Uploaded by

soumya paul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): The molecule that carries genetic


information in living organisms.
 Importance: Essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and
guiding cellular activities.
Structure of DNA
 Double Helix Model: Two strands twisted around each other.
 Components:
 Nucleotides: Building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar,
phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
 Sugar-Phosphate Backbone: Forms the sides of the helix.
 Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C),
Guanine (G); A pairs with T, C pairs with G.
Function of DNA
 Genetic Information Storage: DNA contains the instructions for
building and maintaining an organism.
 Protein Synthesis:
 Transcription: DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus.
 Translation: mRNA is translated into a protein at the ribosome.
DNA Replication
 Process: DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
 Enzymes Involved:
 DNA Polymerase: Adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA
strand.
 Helicase: Unwinds the DNA double helix.
Applications of DNA Technology
 Genetic Engineering: Modifying organisms' DNA for desired traits.
 Forensic Science: Using DNA for identification in criminal cases.
 Medical Diagnostics: Detecting genetic disorders and diseases.
Conclusion
 Summary: DNA's structure, function, and importance in genetics.
 Future Prospects: Advances in DNA research and technology.

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