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com 1
 CONTENT

ENVIRONMENT 3

ECOLOGY 5

BIODIVERSITY 7

GREEN EFFECT & CLIMATE CHANGE 12

OZONE LAYER 17

FOREST AND WILDLIFE 18

SANCTUARIES/BIOSPHERE RESERVES 21

NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY 26

POLLUTIONS 28

WATER CONSERVATION 31

MISCELLANEOUS 32

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 ENVIRONMENT 9. Sustainable development is a matter of
1. Given below are two statements, one inter-generational sensibility in respect of
labelled as Assertion and other as the the use of: - Natural resources
Reason (R). 10. 'Saving energy and other resources for the
Assertion (A): Sustainable development is future without sacrificing people's comfort
important for well-being of human society. in the present' is the definition of which of
Reason (R): Sustainable development is a the following concepts:- Sustainable
kind of development that meets the needs development
of the present without compromising the 11. Which of the following Sustainable
ability of future generations to meet their Development Goal (SDG) will target the
own needs. water availability for all and its permanent
Ans. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) management upto 2030 in India:- SDG-6
is correct explanation of (A) 12. The Decade of Sustainable Energy for all
2. The following events are correctly is the initiative of:- United Nations
arranged in chronological order: - 13. Which of the following is a Nodal
Events Year Institution for implementation of
1) Publication of “The Limit to Growth’ Sustainable Development Goals in India:-
Report - 1972 NITI Aayog
2) Publication of Brundtland Commission 14. World Environment Day is celebrated on:-
Report - April, 1987 5 June
3) Enforcement of Montreal Protocol 15. The book “Silent Spring’ published in
- September, 1987 1962 which set the tone for an
4) Rio Earth Summit environmental movement in the world,
- June, 1992 was written by:- Rachel Carson
3. The discussion on ‘Sustainable 16. A country's natural capital included all of
Development’ was started after submitting the following except:- Roads
a report on environment to the United 17. What is the theme for "World
Nations in 1987. That report was: - Our Environment Day 2018”:- Beat Plastic
Common Future Pollution
4. Environment refers to: 18. The main role of solar radiation is in:-
• The natural world of land, water, air, Water cycle
plants and animals that exist around it. 19. National Environmental Engineering
• The sum total of conditions which Research Institute is situated at:- Nagpur
surround human beings at a given 20. When and where the National
point of time. Environment Engineering Research
Institute (NEERD Was established:- 1958,
• The interacting system of physical,
Nagpur
biological and cultural elements which
21. What is important for Sustainable
are interlinked.
Development: -
5. Which of the following is not related to
environmental protection:- Poverty • Conservation of biological diversity
Alleviation • Prevention and Control of Pollution
6. The Environment (Protection) Act of India • Decreasing poverty
was enacted in:- 1986 22. Which one of the following is not the
7. Environment is a composite state of- objective of smart city development:-
• Biotic factors Stabilizing quality of life
• Physiographic factors 23. ‘Earth Summit' was held at: - Rio-de-
Janeiro
• Abiotic factors
24. What was the title of the Rio-20
8. Generally, environment can be classified
declaration: - The future we want
as following categories, the following is
25. The first Earth Summit' was held at:- Rio-
NOT a part of such category: -
de-Janeiro
Operational Environment

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 26. International Conference held in Rio-de- 47. Which one of the following States in India
Janeiro was:- United Nations Conference has recently introduced the Greenhouse
on Sustainable Development Farming':- Punjab
27. What is the thin layer of gases around the 48. Given below are two statements-
earth called :- Atmosphere Assertion (A): Natural vegetation is the
28. Air is a/an:- Mixture true index of climate.
29. Percentage of Nitrogen in dry air:- 78/% Reason (R): Water-loving plants are
30. Which of the following is considered to be found in a moist climate.
the optimum concentration of carbon- Ans. Both statements are true and (R) is
dioxide for natural balance in atmosphere:- the correct explanation of (A).
0.03 percent 49. Urbanization and industrialization are
31. Which one of the following Noble Gases is harmful-
not present in the air:- Radon • For balanced development
32. In the atmosphere, the highest percentage • Environment and ecology
is of:- Nitrogen • For biodiversity conservation
33. The highest percentage of gas in the air is-
Nitrogen HIGH LEVEL QUESTION
34. If all the plants and trees vanish from the 1. The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
earth, the gas which will decrease is:- was enacted in consonance with which of
Oxygen the following provisions of the
35. Which of the following is not a function of Constitution of India: - Right to a healthy
the tree:- Air pollution environment, construed as a part of
36. The following add carbon dioxide to the Right to Life under Article 21.
carbon cycle on Earth: 2. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) came
• Respiration into force in:- October, 2010
• Decay of organic matter 3. The author of 'Green Development' is:-
• Volcanic action W.M. Adams
37. Which of the following does not add the 4. What is Rio+20 Conference, often
carbon dioxide to carbon cycle on the mentioned in the news: It is the United
planet Earth:- Photosynthesis Nations Conference on Sustainable
38. The concept of weathering relates to:- Development
Natural process leading to the 5. In the year 1997, the World Environment
decomposition of rocks Conference was organised in:- Kyoto
39. The Headquarter of World Meteorological 6. The Earth Summit+5 was held in:- 1997
Organization is located at:- Geneva 7. The following statement is correct:- The
40. The headquarter of U.N.E.P. is located at:- Sustainable Development Goals have to
Nairobi be achieved by 2030.
41. What does EPA stand for:- Environment 8. Who has propounded the concept of
Protection Agency 'Limits to Growth:- Club of Rome
42. In which of the following institutes, the 9. Given below are two statements, one
Environmental, In Information System labelled as Assertion (A) and other as the
(ENVIS)'S 'Centre on Population a Reason (R).
Environment' is located:- I.I.P.S. Mumbai a. Assertion (A): There is a positive
43. N.E.A. Stands for:- National relation between Human
Environment Authority Development Index (HDI) and
44. The headquarters of the Green Peace Sustainable Development Goals
Internationalist located at:- Amsterdam (SDG) ranking of Indian State.
45. Eco-Mark is given to an Indian product b. Reason (R): The underlying
which is:- Environment-friendly dimension of SDG targets are
46. Sustainable agriculture means:- To utilize closely related to education and
land so that its quality remains intact health aspect.

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 FOREST COVER AND TREE COVER IN Andaman 6,743 8,249 81.74 %
DIFFERENT STATES/UT and Nicobar
Islands
State/UT Fores Geographic Forest Chandigarh 22.03 114 19.32 %
t al area (sq. cover Dadra and 227.4 602 37.79 %
cover km) percentage Nagar 9
(sq. (ODSTU.CO (of Haveli and
km) M) geographic Daman and
al area) Diu
Andhra 29,13 1,62,968 17.88 % Delhi 195.4 1,483 13.18 %
Pradesh 7 4
Arunachal 66,68 83.743 79.63 % Jammu and 21,12 53,258 39.66 %
Pradesh 8 Kashmir 2
Assam 28,32 78,438 36.11 % Lakshadwee 27.10 30 90.33 %
7 p
Bihar 7,307 94,163 7.76 % Ladakh 2,490 1,69,421 1.47 %
Chhattisgar 55,61 1,35,192 41.13 % Puducherry 52.41 490 10.70 %
h 1 State/UT Fores Geographica Forest cover
Goa 2,237 3,702 60.43 % t l area (sq. percentage
Gujarat 14,85 1,96,244 7.57 % cover km) (of
7 (sq. geographica
Haryana 1,602 44,212 3.62 % km) l area)
Himachal 15,43 55,673 27.72 % Andhra 29,13 1,62,968 17.88 %
Pradesh 4 Pradesh 7
Jharkhand 23,61 79,716 29.62 % Arunachal 66,68 83.743 79.63 %
1 Pradesh 8
Karnataka 38,57 1,91,791 20.11 % Assam 28,32 78,438 36.11 %
5 7
Kerala 21,14 38,852 54.42 % Bihar 7,307 94,163 7.76 %
4 Chhattisgar 55,61 1,35,192 41.13 %
Madhya 77,48 3,08,252 25.14 % h 1
Pradesh 2 Goa 2,237 3,702 60.43 %
Maharashtr 50,77 3,07,713 16.50 % Gujarat 14,85 1,96,244 7.57 %
a 8 7
Manipur 16,84 22,327 75.46 % Haryana 1,602 44,212 3.62 %
7 Himachal 15,43 55,673 27.72 %
Meghalaya 17,11 22,429 76.33 % Pradesh 4
9 Jharkhand 23,61 79,716 29.62 %
Mizoram 18,00 21,081 85.41 % 1
6 Karnataka 38,57 1,91,791 20.11 %
Nagaland 12,48 16,579 75.31 % 5
6 Kerala 21,14 38,852 54.42 %
Odisha 51,61 1,55,707 33.15 % 4
9 Madhya 77,48 3,08,252 25.14 %
Punjab 1,849 50,362 3.67 % Pradesh 2
Rajasthan 16,63 3,42,239 4.86 % Maharashtr 50,77 3,07,713 16.50 %
0 a 8
Sikkim 3,342 7,096 47.10 % Manipur 16,84 22,327 75.46 %
Tamil Nadu 26,36 1,30,060 20.27 % 7
4 Meghalaya 17,11 22,429 76.33 %
Telangana 20,58 1,12,077 18.36 % 9
2 Mizoram 18,00 21,081 85.41 %
Tripura 7,726 10,486 73.68 % 6
Uttar 14,80 2,40,928 6.15 % Nagaland 12,48 16,579 75.31 %
Pradesh 6 6
Uttarakhan 24,30 53,483 45.44 % Odisha 51,61 1,55,707 33.15 %
d 3 9
West 16,90 88,752 19.04 % Punjab 1,849 50,362 3.67 %
Bengal 2

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 Rajasthan 16,63 3,42,239 4.86 % Sri 1989 353.62
0 Venkateswara
Sikkim 3,342 7,096 47.10 % Arunac Mouling 1986 483
Tamil Nadu 26,36 1,30,060 20.27 % hal
4 Pradesh
Telangana 20,58 1,12,077 18.36 % Namdapha 1983 1807.82
2 Assam Dibru- 1999 340
Tripura 7,726 10,486 73.68 % Saikhowa
Uttar 14,80 2,40,928 6.15 % Kaziranga 1974 858.98
Pradesh 6 Manas 1990 500
Uttarakhan 24,30 53,483 45.44 % Nameri 1998 200
d 3 Rajiv Gandhi 1999 78.81
West 16,90 88,752 19.04 % (Orang)
Bengal 2 Bihar Valmiki 1989 335.65
Andaman 6,743 8,249 81.74 % Chhattis Guru 1981 1440.71
and Nicobar garh Ghasidas
Islands (Sanjay)
Chandigarh 22.03 114 19.32 % Indravati 1982 1258.37
Dadra and 227.4 602 37.79 % (Kutru)
Nagar 9 Kanger Valle 1982 200
Haveli and Goa Mollem 1992 107
Daman and Gujarat Blackbuck 1976 34.53
Diu (Velavadar)
Delhi 195.4 1,483 13.18 % Gir 1975 258.71
4 Marine (Gulf 1982 162.89
Jammu and 21,12 53,258 39.66 % of Kachchh)
Kashmir 2 Vansda 1979 23.99
Lakshadwee 27.10 30 90.33 % Haryan Kalesar 2003 46.82
p a
Ladakh 2,490 1,69,421 1.47 % Sultanpur 1989 1.43
Puducherry 52.41 490 10.70 % Himach Great 1984 754.4
al Himalayan
Pradesh
Inderkilla 2010 94
Class Area (sq km) Percentage of Khirganga 2010 705
Geographical Pin Valle 1987 675
(ODSTU.COM)
Area Col. Sherjung 2010 27.88
Simbalbara
Very Dense 99,278 3.02 Jharkha Betla 1986 226.33
Forest
nd
Moderately 3,08,472 9.39
Dense Forest
Karnata Anshi 1987 417.34
Open Forest 3,04,499 9.26 ka
Total Forest 7,12,249 21.67 Bandipur 1974 872.24
Cover Bannerghatta 1974 260.51
Scrub 46,297 1.41 Kudremukh 1987 600.57
Non-Forest 25,28,923 76.92 Nagarahole 1988 643.39
Total 32,87,469 100.00 Rajiv Gandhi
Geographical Kerala Anamudi 2003 7.5
Area Shola
Eravikulam 1978 97
NATIONAL PARK Mathikettan 2003 12.82
Name of Name of Year of Area in Shola
State Protected Notifica km Pambadum 2003 1.32
Area tion (ODSTU.C Shola
OM) Periyar 1982 350
Andhra Papikonda 2008 1012 Silent Valle 1984 89.52
Pradesh 8588 Madhya Bandhavgarh 1968 448.842
Rajiv Gandhi 2005 2.3952 Pradesh
Rameswaram

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 Uttarak Corbett 1936 520.82 Galathea Ba 1992 110
hand Mahatama 1983 281.5
Gangotri 1908 2390.02 Gandhi
Govind 1990 472.08 Marine
Nanda Devi 1982 624.6 Wandoor
Rajaji 1983 820 Mount 1987 46.62
Valle of 1982 87.5 Harriett
Flowers Rani Jhansi 1996 320.06
West Buxa 1992 117.1 Marine
Bengal Saddle Peak 1987 32.54
Gorumara 1992 79.45 Jammu City Forest 1992 9.07
Jaldapara 2014 216.34 Kashmi (Salim Ali)
Neora Valley 1986 159 8917 r
Sinalila 1986 78.6 Dachi am 1981 141
Sunderban 1984 1330.1 Kazina 2000 90.88
Andama Campbell Bay 1992 426.23 Kishtwar 1981 2191.5
n High Altitute
Nicobar Ladakh Hemis 1981 3350
Islands
BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF INDIA
S. Name Date Area (in Location Nicobar
N (ODSTU.CO of km2) (State) (A&N
o. M) Notifi Islands).
cation
1 Nilgiri 01.09. 5520 Part of 5 Gulf of Mannar 18.02. 10,500 k Indian part
1986 (Core Wayanad, 1989 m2 of Gulf of
1240 & Nagarhole, Total Mannar
Buffer Bandipur Gulf area between
4280) and (area of India
Madumalai Islands 5. and Sri
, Nilambur, 55 km2) Lanka
Silent (Tamil
Valley and Nadu).
Siruvani
hills (Tamil 6 Manas 14.03. 2837 Part of
Nadu, 1989 (Core 391 Kokrajhar,
Kerala and & Buffer Bongaigao
Karnataka). 2,446) n, Barpeta,
Nalbari,
2 Nanda Devi 18.01. 5860.69 Part of Kamprup
1988 (Core Chamoli, and Darang
712.12, Pithoragarh districts
Buffer 5,1 , and (Assam)
48.570) Bageshwar
& T. districts 7 Sunderbans 29.03. 9630 Part of
546.34) (Uttarakha 1989 (Core delta of
nd). 1700 & Ganges and
Buffer 79 Brahamapu
3 Nokrek 01.09. 820 Part of 00) tra river
1988 (Core Garo hills system
47.48 & (Meghalay (West
Buffer a). Bengal).
227.92,
Transitio 8 Simlipal 21.06. 4374 Part of
n Zone 1994 (Core Mayurbhan
544.60) 845, j district
Buffer (Orissa).
4 Great Nicobar 06.01. 885 (Core Southern 2129 &
1989 705 & most Transitio
Buffer islands of n 1400
180) Andaman
and

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 9 Dibru- 28.07. 765 Part of Chandratal
Saikhowa 1997 (Core 340 Dibrugarh and
& Buffer and Sarchu&Ki
425) Tinsukia bber
Districts Wildlife
(Assam) Sancturary
in
1 Dehang-Dibang 02.09. 5111.50 Part of Himachal
0 1998 (Core Siang and Pradesh
4094.80 Dibang
&Buffer Valley in 1 Seshachalam 20.09. 4755.997 Seshachala
1016.70) Arunachal 7 Hills 2010 m Hill
Pradesh. Ranges
covering
1 Pachmarhi 03.03. 4926 Parts of parts of
1 1999 Betul, Chittoor
Hoshangab and Kadapa
ad and districts of
Chindwara Andhra
districts of Pradesh
Madhya
Pradesh. 1 Panna 25.08. 2998.98 Part of
8 2011 Panna and
1 Khangchendzo 07.02. 2619.92 Parts of Chhattarpu
2 nga 2000 (Core Khangchen r districts
1819.34 dzonga in Madhya
& Buffer hills and Pradesh
835.92) Sikkim.

1 Agasthyamalai 12.11. 1828 Neyyar,

3 2001 Peppara TIGER RESERVE
and
Shendurne Sl Name of State Area Area Total
y Wildlife . Tiger of of the area
Sanctuaries
and their N Reserve the buffe (ln
adjoining o. (ODSTU.C core r/ Sq.Km
areas in OM) criti perip s.)
Kerala. cal heral
tiger (In
1 Achanakamar 30.3.2 3835.51 Covers
4 Amarkantak 005 (Core parts of
habi
551.55 & Anupur and tat Sq.
Buffer 32 Dindori (In Kms.)
83.86) districts of Sq.
M.P. and Kms
parts of .)
Bilaspur
Nagarjunsag Andh 2595 700.5 3296.3
districts of
ar Srisailam ra .72 9 1
Chhattishg
arh State. (part) Prade
sh
1 Kachchh 29.01. 12,454 k Part of 2 Namdapha Aruna 180 245 2052.8
5 2008 m2 Kachchh, chal 7.82 2
Rajkot, Prades
Surendra h
Nagar and 3 Kamlang Aruna 671 112 783
Patan Civil Tiger chal
Districts of Reserve Prades
Gujarat h
State 4 Pakke Aruna 683. 515 1198.
chal 45 45
1 Cold Desert 28.08. 7770 Pin Valley Prades
6 2009 National h
Park and 5 Manas Assa 2310 3150.9
surroundin .88 2
m
gs;

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 1 Kaziranga 1985 Assam 4 Taj Mahal 1983 Uttar
National Pradesh
Park
5 Group of 1984 Tamil Nadu
2 Keoladeo 1985 Rajasthan Monuments
Ghana at
National Mahabalipur
Park am

3 Nanda Devi 1982 Uttarakhand 6 Sun Temple, 1984 Orissa

National 2005 Konarak
Park and
Valley of 7 Churches 1986 Goa
Flowers and Convents
of Goa
4 Manas 1985 Assam
Wildlife 8 Elephanta 1987 Maharashtra
Sanctuary Caves

5 Sunderbans 1984 West Bengal 9 Group of 1986 Karnataka

National Monuments
Park at Hampi

6 Western 2012 Maharashtra, 10 Fatehpur 1986 Uttar

Ghats Goa, Sikri Pradesh
Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu
11 Khajuraho 1986 Madhya
and
Group of Pradesh
Kerala
Monuments

7 Great 2014 Himachal

12 Group of 1987 Karnataka
Himalayan Pradesh
Monuments
National
at Pattadakal
Park
13 Great Living 1987 Tamil Nadu
Chola
Temples
Cultural World Heritage Sites in
India list 14 Buddhist 1989 Madhya
Monuments Pradesh
S.N Name of Year of State at Sanchi
o. Cultural Notificati
World on (ODSTU.CO 15 Humayun’s 1993 Delhi
Heritage Site M) Tomb, Delhi

1 Agra Fort 1983 Uttar 16 Mountain 1999 Tamil Nadu

Pradesh Railways of
India
2 Ajanta Caves 1983 Maharashtra
17 Qutb Minar 1993 Delhi
3 Ellora Caves 1983 Maharashtra and its
Monuments,
Delhi

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