ee i yf el INFERENCE | may be NH4+ Pb2+ Al 3+ 202+ ~__|ca2s fans sr2+ ete a SS |May be acetate may be ammonium salts, May be Ammonium Alg+ Sr2+, Mg2+ etc ——+— [may be Ala may be Zn 2+ [presence of Sr2+ ome of Bazt patton ee eee eine ne aay Nadunanda = 1 -F)of oxalle acid in awatel h glass CONFIRMATORY TEST arbonate (CO3 2.) FOR ANIONS a ci To alte of the sal add dlc] effervescence with leffervessence with the liberation ol Presence of carbonate. [colourless odourless gas which turns HME Toa tle of the salt solution add water milky a [white ppt soluble In HCl resenice of carbonate confirmed. BaC!2 solution [Confirmatory test for Chloride [to alittle of the salt add conc H2504 [greenish yellow gas [Ci2 gas Is produced end MnO2 To a little of the salt solution add dl HNOS and jand AgNO3 solution [cenntirmatory test for i sulphate little of the salt solution add [White curdy ppt soluble In NH40H. [preserice of chloride confirmed, presence of sulphate ‘white ppt insolublein con HCl aCl2 solution cad acetate solution —+ Toa little of the salt solution add Presence of sulphate confirmed, white _ppt soluble In hot ammonium jactetae solution, confirmatory test for Nitrate (NO3-) Z | — tua little of the salt ad id conc H2S04 it is due to the formation of NO2 Gas. Brown fumes.“Own ting Teg Toa little of the test tube CONFIRI two layers: Presence of Nitrate confirmed MATORY TEST FOR ACETATI TATE To a little of the sait solution add Fecha solution devide the solution in to Two parts red colouration it ls due to ferric acetae [To one part edd di HCI decolourisation presence of acetate confirmed To the second part add water and boil brown ppt presence of acetate confirmed.EXPERIMENT INTER GROUP SEPERATION AND TEST FOR CATIONS eo [OBSERVATION INFERENCE. L fa a Zero group nate To alittle of the salt solutlon add NaOH [smell of = ammonia forming dense white [and heat fumes with HCI ee [presence of NH4+ ion To a little of the saiesolution add Brown ppt The pptls due to the formation of of NH2.HgO. Hg! Nesselers reagent i |GROUP 1 (Pb2+) SRE = [To a little of the salt solution add dl HCI lowing confirm: atory tests, [The ppt is PbCi2 If lead Is presnt do the [Lead chromate Is formed To little of the salt solution add allow Potassium chromate solution To alittle of the sal. solution add Potassium iodide solution IGROUP 2 {Cu2+) To a little of salt solution add dl HCI fand then pass H25 ges yellow ppt dissolving in hot and Black ppt reappering as golden spangles [Presence of lead confirmed +—— [Cus is formed tle of the salt solution add_NH&OH| |To al in drops and then excess ‘deep blue colouration blue ppt dissolving In excess NH4OH [GROUP 3 (AI3+) To alittle of salt solution add NHACI and cxcess NH4OH. if aluminium lon presht do the following Tests |tlew{ ihe salt solution aaa NoOH [White ppt soluble nce “Wh excess NaOH [Presence of ALSs lon conlimmed a io of the salt solution Presence of Al3+ lon confirmed is and NHGOH Blue ppt le of the salt add Cone ad AS Hi i Blue tinted ash NOI and Col te Dip a filter pay hi and burn to ashes be Presence Of Al3¢ lon confirmed GROUP a{ Znae) iE (2nd) MAOH and t then pa: Tesh fentatt i Se 4. thes, pasbadd evil MAE Tn \ yD—————— i Ammonium oxdlatescinien dT ite solution —————— i Aeon eee Ime test: A little of the salt Is made In brick red colour [82 apaste with cone HCl and shown to nontuminous flame fesence of Ca2+lon confirmed TEST FOR Sr2+ 5 “ —____| __ a ee [To the second portion add ammonium sulphate solution white ppt presence of $r2+ confirmed [ee FLAME Test Crimson red colour resence of S12+ confirmed Test for Ba2+ To the third portion of solution add potassium chromaze solution Yellow ppt presence of Ba2+ confirmed Flame Test ple green colour GROUP 6 (Mg2+) To alittle of the salt solution add a m NH4CI NH4OH and then add disodiui white ppt [presence of Mg2+ hydrogen phosphate Toa little of the salt solution add agneson reagent presence of Mg2+ confirmed Presnce of Mg2+ Roe ee