PRACTICAL FILE
On
Digital Signal Processing
(EC-304)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Delhi Technological University (formerly DCE)
Rohini, Delhi
Submitted to:- Submitted By:-
Dr. Manjeet Kumar Mayank Gautam
2K22/EC/148
INDEX
S. No. Topic Date Signature
EXPERImENT – 1
Aim:
Write a MATLAB program to generate basic signals like unit impulse,
unit step, unit ramp, sinusoidal, exponential, addition, etc.
Apparatus :- MATLAB
Theory:
Signals are mathematical functions that convey information. They can
be continuous-time or discrete-time signals. Here, we discuss
fundamental signals such as the unit impulse, unit step, ramp, sine,
exponential, and operations like addition.
Unit Impulse Signal
The impulse signal, also known as the Dirac delta function, is a
fundamental signal in signal processing and system analysis. It plays a
crucial role in analyzing linear systems and serves as a mathematical
tool in differential equations, Fourier transforms, and Laplace
transforms.
Unit Step Signal
The unit step signal, also called the Heaviside function, is one of the
fundamental signals used in signal processing and system analysis. It
is widely used to describe signals that switch on at a certain time.
Unit Ramp Signal
The ramp signal is a fundamental mathematical function used in
signal processing, system analysis, and control systems. It represents
a signal that increases linearly with time and is derived from the unit
step function.
Sine Signal
The sine signal is one of the most fundamental signals in signal
processing, physics, and engineering. It is a periodic signal that
oscillates between positive and negative values in a smooth, wave-
like pattern. The sine function is widely used in applications such as
communication systems, audio processing, and control systems.
Exponential Signal
The exponential signal is a fundamental mathematical function used in signal
processing, system analysis, and engineering. It represents signals that grow or
decay exponentially over time and is commonly used in analyzing dynamical
systems, control systems, and electrical circuits.
Addition Function
The addition of signals is a fundamental operation in signal processing, system
analysis, and mathematics. It is used to combine multiple signals to form a new
signal, which is crucial in applications like audio processing, control systems,
and communications.
Code:
Results:
Conclusions:
The basic signals used in different communication systems like
impulse, step, ramp, sine, exponential & basic operations like
addition have thus been plotted using MATLAB.
EXPERImENT – 2
Aim:
To plot the DFT & IDFT of a given sequence x(n) and also calculate its
magnitude and phase response using MATLAB.
Apparatus :- MATLAB
Theory:
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse, the Inverse
Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), are fundamental concepts in digital
signal processing. They are used to analyze frequency components of
discrete-time signals and reconstruct signals from their frequency
representations.
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a fundamental mathematical
tool used in digital signal processing to analyze the frequency content
of discrete-time signals. It converts a finite-length sequence from the
time domain into its frequency domain representation.
Example of DFT :-
Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)
The Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) is the mathematical
operation that reconstructs a discrete-time signal from its frequency-
domain representation. While the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
transforms a sequence from the time domain to the frequency
domain, the IDFT does the reverse—it recovers the original time-
domain sequence from its frequency-domain coefficients.
Example of IDFT :-
Magnitude & Phase Response of a DFT Sequence
When performing a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on a discrete-
time signal, the result is a complex-valued sequence representing the
frequency content of the original signal. Each frequency component
in the DFT result consists of a complex number, and this complex
number can be expressed in terms of its magnitude and phase.
Magnitude Response :-
Phase Response :-
Code:
Results:
Output:
Conclusions:
The DFT & IDFT of a given sequence x(n) & its magnitude & phase
response have thus been calculated, displayed & plotted using
MATLAB.
