I.
K – 12 CURRICULUM STANDARDS
Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and pressure at a constant temperature of a gas;
2. volume and temperature at a constant pressure of gas; and
3. explain these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory. (S9MT-IIj-20)
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
a. identify the relationship of pressure, volume, and temperature;
b. solve problems using the formulas given by each law
c. cite some real-life applications of each law
III. Real life application/Trivia/Quotes/Overview/Science Connection
Gay-Lussac’s law
Have you ever wondered how a pressure cooker works? When the pressure cooker is
heated, the cooking liquid within the pot boils, producing steam. The pressure inside the
container is then increased by the steam. The food cooks faster due to the high temperature
and pressure inside the container. This is one real-life application of Gay-Lussac’s law.
Boyle’s law
What can you say about the picture? Can you interpret the meaning behind the picture?
We can see that SpongeBob and Patrick represents pressure and the volume and Squidward
represents the temperature and the amount of gas. The interpretation of this picture could be
that the pressure and volume are free, meanwhile the temperature is inside the house and just
watching the pressure and volume change. The picture depicts Boyle’s law, where the
temperature of a gas is kept constant and the relationship between pressure and volume is
directly proportional.
Charles’ law
Have you seen an air ballon in the atmosphere? Have you ever thought about how an air
ballon works and how can it fly in the air? An answer to that is that is the application of the
concept of Charles’ law. First the heat is applied to the air inside a hot air balloon to cause it to
lift. The addition of heat causes the molecules to shift further apart.
IV. Pre-requisite/Review
Instruction: Guess the words of the following items based on four pictures and the number of letters per
given picture.
1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. _ _ _
Answer: Relationship Answer: Law
3. _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer: Volume Answer: Temperature
5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer: Pressure
V. Lesson Content
We’ve all witnessed some strange things such as the volume of water decreasing in a hot sunny
day, deformation of a plastic bottle when filled with cold water, etc. Actually, there’s a science behind all
of these things and we will know why these events occur as we delve deeper onto our topic. There are
three main gas laws that are possible responsible for these events. The three main gas laws are Boyle’s
law, Charles’ law, and Gay-Lussac’s law. These three fundamental principles, known as the gas laws,
control the behavior of gases and provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and predicting
the properties of gases under various conditions. These rules, established from empirical observations
and experimental evidence, form the foundation of thermodynamics research and are critical in a variety
of scientific and industrial applications. The three fundamental gas laws provide important insights into
the interactions between critical variables that impact a gas's state. When these three laws are
combined, we will now have the so-called combined gas laws.
What is stated in Charles’ law?
Charles's Law, named after the French scientist Jacques Charles, describes the relationship
between the volume and temperature of a gas, assuming that the pressure remains constant. The law is
often stated as follows “At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature."
Figure 1: Charles’ Law
In mathematical terms, we can express the Charles law as:
V∝ T
Where:
V is the volume of the gas
T is the absolute temperature of the gas
and when proportionality constant (k) is introduced, we can derive the formula for Charles’ law:
Therefore, we can conclude that:
As a result, if the temperature of a gas increases, its volume will also increase proportionally, and
if the temperature decreases, the volume will decrease proportionally, as long as the pressure remains
constant. This law is particularly relevant when studying the behavior of gases in response to changes in
temperature, providing a foundational understanding of the principles that govern gas behavior.
Sample problem:
A chamber with constant pressure has a volume of 60mL and a temperature of 30C, if a scientist
increases the temperature to 60C what is the new volume of the chamber?
What does Boyle’s law state?
Boyle's Law, named after the Irish scientist Robert Boyle, describes the relationship between the
pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature. The law is often stated as follows "At constant
temperature, the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume."
Figure 2: Boyle’s Law
In mathematical terms, Boyle's Law can be expressed as:
Where:
P is the pressure of the gas
V is the volume of the gas
and when proportionality constant (k) is introduced, we can derive the formula for Boyle’s law:
Therefore, we can conclude that:
This means that as the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases proportionally, and vice
versa, as long as the temperature remains constant. Boyle's Law is fundamental in understanding the
behavior of gases and is particularly relevant in various applications, such as in the design of pneumatic
systems and understanding the behavior of gases in confined spaces.
Sample problem:
A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the pressure when the volume is
decreased to 8.20 liters?
What is stated in Gay-Lussac’s law?
Gay-Lussac's Law, named after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, describes the
relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume. The law is often stated
as follows "At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute
temperature."
Figure 3: Gay-Lussac’s Law
In mathematical terms, Gay-Lussac's Law can be expressed as:
P∝ T
Where:
P is the pressure of the gas
T is the absolute temperature of the gas
and when proportionality constant (k) is introduced, we can derive its formula:
Therefore, we can conclude that:
This means that as the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure will also increase
proportionally, and if the temperature decreases, the pressure will decrease proportionally, as long as
the volume remains constant. Gay-Lussac's Law is crucial for understanding the thermal behavior of
gases and is often applied in various scientific and industrial contexts, such as in the design and
operation of gas-filled containers.
Sample problem:
At a temperature of 300 K, the pressure of the gas in a deodorant can is 3 atm. Calculate the
pressure of the gas when it is heated to 900 K.
VI. Questions for Assessment
1. What law states that when the volume is kept constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature?
a. Boyle’s law
b. Charles’ law
c. Combined gas laws
d. Gay-Lussac’s law (answer)
Explanation:
The answer for this number is D because when the pressure of a gas increases, its absolute
temperature also increases making the relationship of pressure and temperature directly proportional to
each other.
2. At a constant temperature, if the volume of the gas increases what will happen to the pressure of the
gas?
a. It will increase
b. It will decrease (answer)
c. Pressure is constant
d. There will be no change
Explanation:
According to Boyle’s law, the relationship between pressure and volume is inversely
proportional. Therefore, when the volume of gas increases, its pressure will decrease as a response. That
is why the answer for this number is B.
3. Assume that the temperature remains constant. How can you increase the pressure of a gas?
a. Increase the container volume
b. Decrease the container volume (answer)
c. Increase the number of molecules of the gas
d. None of the above
Explanation:
Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportionate
to its volume. To put it another way, when the volume drops, the pressure rises, and vice versa. Under
constant temperature conditions, adding more gas molecules or expanding the container volume would
not increase the pressure.
4. Which of the following statement is correct about the relationship of pressure to volume and
temperature?
a. The pressure is directly proportional to the volume and temperature
b. The pressure is indirectly proportional to the temperature and volume
c. The pressure is indirectly proportional to the volume and directly proportional to the
temperature (answer)
d. The pressure is indirectly proportional to the temperature and directly proportional to the
volume
Explanation:
Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature, the relationship of pressure and volume is
indirectly proportional. Gay-Lussac’s law states that at a constant volume, the relationship of pressure
and temperature is directly proportional. Therefore, by combining these two, we can conclude that the
pressure is indirectly proportional to volume and directly proportional to temperature.
5. A gas exerts pressure of one atm at standard temperature. What must be the temperature be adjusted
to for the gas to exert a pressure of 5.00 atm?
a. -205°C
b. 68.3°C
c. 819°C
d. 1092°C (answer)
6. A gas occupies 1.89 L at 2.00 atm. What will be the volume of this gas if the pressure becomes 6.00
atm?
a. 0.63 L (answer)
b. 5.67 L
c. 4.23 L
d. 22.68
7. A gas occupies 580.0 mL at a temperature of 35.0 °C. What is the volume at 127.0 °C?
a. 0.766 mL
b. 159.8 mL
c. 446.6 mL
d. 753.2 mL (answer)
8. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. Flask A with constant temperature increases in volume causing for the pressure to decrease
II. Flask B is kept with a constant pressure, so when the volume increases the temperature decreases
III. Flask C has a constant volume. Therefore, when the pressure increases, the temperature also
increases.
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II only (answer)
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
Explanation:
According to Boyle’s law, at a constant temperature, the relationship of pressure and volume is
indirectly proportional. Meanwhile, Charles’ law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is
directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Lastly, Gay-Lussac stated at his law that at a constant
volume, the pressure and temperature is directly proportional to each other. Therefore, the answer for
this item is B.
9. The initial volume of a gas is 6.00 liters at 30°C and exerts 75mmHg. The volume of the gas increased
by 7 liters. Find the final temperature and pressure of the given gas using the volume
a. 383.5°C and 34.6mmHg (answer)
b. 383.5°C and 64.3mmHg
c. 656.5°C and 34.6mmHg
d. 656.5°C and 64.3mmHg
10. If a gas in a closed container is pressurized from 12.0 atm to 10640 Torr and its original temperature
was 35.0 °C, what would the final temperature of the gas be in degrees Celsius? Use atm.
a. -243°C
b. 30°C
c. 86.33°C (answer)
d. 358.97°C
References:
BYJU'S. (n.d.). Gay-Lussac's Law. [Link]
ChemTeam. (n.d.). Boyle's law problems #1-15. [Link]
[Link]
Dasalla, A. (2021). Boyle's Law Meme [Image]. [Link]. [Link]
Let's talk science. (2020, January). Boyle's Law.
[Link]
Let's Talk Science. (2020, January). Charles' Law and Gay-Lussac's Law.
[Link]
Monahan, C. (n.d.). Charles's Law — Overview & Formula. [Link]. [Link]
law-overview-formula-8156
