5 Assignment 5-converted

Department of Civil Engineering
S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat.

06-07 January 2021
Engineering Mechanics (AM 108)
Odd Semester (2020-2021)
Practicals
B.Tech. I (I Semester)
Name.:
Roll No.:
Date of Submission: / /2021
ASSIGNMENT 5: MODULUS OF ELASTICITY BY SEARLE’S

APPARATUS
AIM:
To determine modulus of elasticity of a steel wire using Searle’s Apparatus
(Figure 1).
THEORY:
(1) All structural materials possess to a certain stress level the property of
elasticity, i.e. if external forces, producing deformation of a structure, do not
exceed a certain limit, the deformation disappears with the removal of the
forces. When a member is loaded, the stress will be produced in the member.
The magnitude of this stress is given by:
P
Stress = f = N/mm2 (1)
A
where, P is the resultant force and A the original cross-sectional area.
The deformation in the direction of resultant force is large as compared to

that in other two directions. The elongation per unit length of member is
defined as
dl
Strain = e = (Dimensionless) (2)
Lo
As stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit (Hook's Law),

f
Modulus of Elasticity = E = N/mm2 (3)
e
(2) As shown in graph, in elastic stage (1) the ductile material obeys Hook's law
up to upper yield point. Between upper and lower yield point, material does
not withstand additional force but there is a slight fall in force withstood and
elongation continues. In stage (2) (i.e. in elasto-plastic stage,) the strain will
not be proportional to stress and material does not remain in elastic stage. It
does not attain original shape and size on removal of force. In stage (3),
material will be fully in work hardening stage. Beyond ultimate stress, the
1
cross-section starts reducing on application of force and fails at breaking
stress which is less than ultimate stress.
For design purpose, the working stress in considered with factor of safety
(about 2 to 3) on yield stress.
PROCEDURE:
There are two wires of same material connected with the Searle’s Apparatus.
There is a bubble tube between them. Initially suspend the counter, weight on one
wire and only hook on the other and take the initial reading of micrometer by
bringing bubble in the centre. Now, suspend the load on the hook so that test wire
will be elongated. As a result, bubble will be shifted. With the micrometer screw,
bring the bubble in the centre. This will be final reading on the micrometer. The
difference of final and initial reading will give the elongation of test wire due t load
kept on the hook. Suspend different loads, and take corresponding final readings.
Similarly, go on reducing the suspended loads and take corresponding final
readings. This will complete one cycle. In the same manner, complete three cycles.
Thus, for a particular load, there will be six readings. Average of them will be
elongation for corresponding load.
Draw a graph between stress and strain.
Signature of student: _____________ 2

Figure 1: Experimental set up for estimating E using Searle’s Apparatus

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Least Count of micrometer = 0.01 mm
Lo = Original Length of wire = 2000 mm
Original diameter of wire
d1 + d 2 + d 3
do = = 0.38 mm
3

Original cross sectional area = Ao = d o2 = __________ mm2
4
Micrometer Reading dl (After subtracting initial reading)

Loading P
First cycle Second cycle Third cycle
(excluding
S.No. Loading Unloading Loading Unloading Loading Unloading
hook)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(N)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1 5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63
2 10 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02
3 15 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.48
4 20 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16
5 25 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93
6 Unknown Q 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65
S.No. dl = Average of (1) to (6) Stress Strain Modulus of Elasticity

mm for above loading f = P/Ao e = dl/Lo E = f/e (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1 0.63
2 1.02
3 1.48
4 2.16
5 2.93
6 3.65

ANALYTICAL METHOD (Calculations)

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
(1) Unknown weight:
(a) Q = ___________ N (from graph);
(b) Q = ___________ N (from calculation); and
(c) Q = ____________ N (actual).
(2) Modulus of Elasticity:

(a) E = ___________ N/mm2 (from graph); and
(b) E = ___________ N/mm2 (from calculation).

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Department of Civil Engineering

S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat.

ASSIGNMENT 5: MODULUS OF ELASTICITY BY SEARLE’S

The deformation in the direction of resultant force is large as compared to

As stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit (Hook's Law),

Draw a graph between stress and strain.

Signature of student: _____________ 2

Signature of student: _____________ 3

Micrometer Reading dl (After subtracting initial reading)

S.No. dl = Average of (1) to (6) Stress Strain Modulus of Elasticity

Signature of student: _____________ 4

Signature of student: _____________ 5

(2) Modulus of Elasticity:

Signature of student: _____________ 6

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