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02 - The Hello World Application

This document describes how to create a simple "Hello World" application in Java. It includes instructions on setting up the development environment, writing the code in a text editor, compiling the code into a class file using javac, and running the application using java. It also provides an explanation of the components of the "Hello World" code, including the class definition, main method, and use of System.out.println to display output.

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65 views32 pages

02 - The Hello World Application

This document describes how to create a simple "Hello World" application in Java. It includes instructions on setting up the development environment, writing the code in a text editor, compiling the code into a class file using javac, and running the application using java. It also provides an explanation of the components of the "Hello World" code, including the class definition, main method, and use of System.out.println to display output.

Uploaded by

lachosanalva
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

The Hello World Application

Java
Summer 2008 Instructor: Dr. Masoud Yaghini

The Hello World Application

Outline
Introduction Creating Your First Application A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application References

Introduction

The Hello World Application

The "Hello World!" Application


Your first application, HelloWorldApp, will simply display the greeting "Hello World!". We can use:

An Integrated Development Environments (IDE) or A simple text editor.

The Hello World Application

"Hello World!" for Microsoft Windows


To write your first program, you'll need:

The Java SE Development Kit 6 (JDK 6) A text editor

You can download the Windows version of JDK6 from: http://java.sun.com/javase/6/download.jsp We use a text editor to create and edit source files. We will can use Notepad, a simple editor included with the Windows platforms.

The Hello World Application

Update the PATH variable


Set the PATH variable if you want to be able to conveniently run the JDK executables (javac.exe, java.exe, javadoc.exe, etc.) from any directory without having to type the full path of the command. If you don't set the PATH variable, you need to specify the full path to the executable every time you run it, such as:

C:> "\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_<version>\bin\javac" MyProgram.java

The Hello World Application

Update the PATH variable


To set the PATH permanently, add the full path of the jdk1.6.0_<version>\bin directory to the PATH variable. Set the PATH as follows on Microsoft Windows:

Click Start > Control Panel > System on Windows XP or Start > Settings > Control Panel > System on Windows 2000. Click Advanced > Environment Variables. Add the location of bin folder of JDK installation for PATH in User Variables and System Variables.

A typical value for PATH is: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_<version>\bin

The Hello World Application

Update the PATH variable


PATH environment variable is a series of directories separated by semi-colons (;) and is not case sensitive. Microsoft Windows looks for programs in the PATH directories in order, from left to right. Add the path to the right end of the PATH in the User Variables. The new path takes effect in each new command window you open after setting the PATH variable.

Creating Your First Application

The Hello World Application

Creating Your First Application


To create this program, you will:

Create a source file.


A source file contains code, written in the Java programming language.

Compile the source file into a .class file.


The Java programming language compiler (javac) takes your source file and translates its text into instructions that the Java virtual machine can understand. The instructions contained within this file are known as bytecodes.

Run the program.


The Java application launcher tool (java) uses the Java virtual machine to run your application.

The Hello World Application

Create a Source File


Start your editor, and in a new document, type in the following code:
/** * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that * simply prints "Hello World!" to standard output. */ class HelloWorldApp { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); // Display the string. } }

The Hello World Application

Create a Source File


Type all code, commands, and file names exactly as shown. Save the code in a file with the name HelloWorldApp.java.

The Hello World Application

Compile the Source File into a .class File


Bring up a shell, or "command," window. You can do this from the Start menu by choosing Command Prompt (Windows XP), or by choosing Run . . . and then entering cmd.

The Hello World Application

Compile the Source File into a .class File


To compile your source file, change your current directory to the directory where your file is located. If your source directory is java on the D drive, type the following command at the prompt and press Enter: D: cd C:\java

The Hello World Application

Compile the Source File into a .class File If you enter dir at the prompt, you should see your source file:

The Hello World Application

Compile the Source File into a .class File


At the prompt, type the following command and press Enter: javac HelloWorldApp.java The compiler has generated a bytecode file, HelloWorldApp.class. At the prompt, type dir to see the new file that was generated

The Hello World Application

Run the Program


In the same directory, enter the following command at the prompt: java HelloWorldApp

The Hello World Application

javac & java are Case Sensitive


Both the compiler (javac) and launcher (java) are case-sensitive. In other words, HelloWorldApp is not equivalent to helloworldapp.

A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application

The Hello World Application A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application

Here again is its code:


/** * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that * simply prints "Hello World!" to standard output. */ class HelloWorldApp { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string. } }

The Hello World Application A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application

The "Hello World!" application consists of three primary components:


Source code comments, The HelloWorldApp class definition, and The main method.

The following explanation will provide you with a basic understanding of the code

The Hello World Application A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application

The following bold text defines the comments:


/** * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that * simply prints "Hello World!" to standard output. */ class HelloWorldApp { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string. } }

The Hello World Application

Source code comments


Comments are ignored by the compiler but are useful to other programmers. The Java programming language supports three kinds of comments:

/* text */
The compiler ignores everything from /* to */.

/** documentation */
This indicates a documentation comment (doc comment, for short). The compiler ignores this kind of comment, just like it ignores comments that use /* and */. The javadoc tool uses doc comments when preparing automatically generated documentation.

// text
The compiler ignores everything from // to the end of the line.

The Hello World Application

HelloWorldApp class definition


HelloWorldApp class definition: class name { ... } The keyword class begins the class definition for a class named name, and the code for each class appears between the opening and losing curly braces marked in bold above. We will classes in detail later. For now it is enough to know that every application begins with a class definition.

The Hello World Application

The main Method


The following bold text begins the definition of the main method:
/** * The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that * simply prints "Hello World!" to standard output. */ class HelloWorldApp { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); //Display the string. } }

The Hello World Application

The main Method


In the Java programming language, every application must contain a main method whose signature is: public static void main(String[] args) It's the entry point for your application and will subsequently call up all the other methods required by your program. The modifiers public and static can be written in either order (public static or static public) but the convention is to use public static

The Hello World Application

The main Method


The main method accepts a single argument: an array of elements of type String. public static void main(String[] args) You can name the argument anything you want, but most programmers choose "args" or "argv." This array is the mechanism through which the runtime system passes information to your application.

The Hello World Application

The main Method


Each string in the array is called a commandline argument. Command-line arguments let users affect the operation of the application without recompiling it. The "Hello World!" application ignores its command-line arguments, but you should be aware of the fact that such arguments do exist.

The Hello World Application

The main Method


Finally, the following line uses the System class from the API to print the "Hello World!" message to standard output: System.out.println("Hello World!");

References

The Hello World Application

References
S. Zakhour, S. Hommel, J. Royal, I. Rabinovitch, T. Risser, M. Hoeber, The Java Tutorial: A Short Course on the Basics, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006.

The End

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