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What is the Full Form of CFT?

The full form of CFT is "Complement Fixation Test." It is a
laboratory test used to detect and diagnose infections,
autoimmune disorders, and allergies. The test measures
the ability of the complement system in the blood to bind
to and neutralize specific antigens. Complement is a group
of proteins in the blood that helps to fight infections and
remove abnormal cells from the body. The CFT is often
used to diagnose infections caused by bacteria and
parasites, and it can also be used to monitor the
effectiveness of treatment for these infections.

What is a Complement Fixation Test?

The Complement Fixation Test (CFT) is a laboratory test
that measures the ability of the complement system in the
blood to bind to and neutralize specific antigens.
Complement is a group of proteins in the blood that helps
to fight infections and remove abnormal cells from the
body. The CFT is often used to diagnose infections caused
by bacteria and parasites, and it can also be used to
monitor the effectiveness of treatment for these infections.

In the CFT, a small sample of blood is taken from the

patient and mixed with a known antigen (a substance that
triggers an immune response). If the complement system
in the blood is able to bind to the antigen, it will become
activated and will begin to neutralize the antigen. The
activated complement can then be measured in the
laboratory to determine the presence and severity of an
infection or other condition.

The CFT is often used to diagnose infections caused by

bacteria and parasites, such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and
leptospirosis. It can also be used to diagnose autoimmune
disorders, such as lupus, and to identify allergies to certain
substances.

Who invented Complement Fixation Test

The complement fixation test was developed in the early
1900s by Jules Bordet, a Belgian immunologist, and
Octave Gengou, a French bacteriologist.Bordet and
Gengou initially developed the test to diagnose infections
caused by the bacterium Brucella, which causes
brucellosis, a disease that affects livestock and can also
infect humans. However, the test was later adapted to
detect a wide range of other antibodies, and is now used
to diagnose a variety of medical conditions.

Why was the Complement Fixation Test

invented ?
The complement fixation test was developed in the early
1900s as a tool to diagnose infections caused by the
bacterium Brucella, which causes brucellosis, a disease
that affects livestock and can also infect humans. The test
was developed by Jules Bordet, a Belgian immunologist,
and Octave Gengou, a French bacteriologist, as a way to
detect specific antibodies in the blood that are produced in
response to infections.

The test is based on the principle that specific antibodies

can bind to and "fix" complement, a group of proteins that
play a key role in the immune system. By measuring the
amount of fixed complement in a sample, the test can
detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood.

Over time, the test was adapted to detect a wide range of

other antibodies, and is now used to diagnose a variety of
medical conditions. It is relatively simple to perform and
relatively inexpensive compared to other laboratory tests,
and can be used to help diagnose and monitor a wide
range of medical conditions.

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Reasons for Complement Fixation Test

Some common reasons include:

1. To diagnose infections: CFTs are often used to

diagnose infections caused by bacteria and parasites,
such as syphilis, tuberculosis, and leptospirosis.
2. To diagnose autoimmune disorders: CFTs may be
used to diagnose autoimmune disorders, such as
lupus, in which the body's immune system attacks its
own tissues and organs.
3. To identify allergies: CFTs may be used to identify
allergies to specific substances, such as foods,
medications, or environmental allergens.
4. To monitor treatment effectiveness: CFTs may be
used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for
infections and other conditions. For example, a
healthcare provider may order a CFT to determine
whether an infection is responding to treatment and to
make adjustments to the treatment plan as needed.
5. To support a diagnosis: CFTs may be ordered along
with other laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures
to support a diagnosis or to confirm or rule out a
suspected diagnosis.

Types of Complement Fixation Test

There are several different types of Complement Fixation
Tests (CFTs) that can be used to diagnose different
conditions. Some examples include:

1. Syphilis CFT: This test is used to diagnose syphilis, a

sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium
Treponema pallidum.
2. Tuberculosis CFT: This test is used to diagnose
tuberculosis, a bacterial infection that affects the lungs
and other organs.
3. Leptospirosis CFT: This test is used to diagnose
leptospirosis, a bacterial infection transmitted through
contact with infected animal urine.
4. Lupus CFT: This test is used to diagnose lupus, an
autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune
system attacks its own tissues and organs.
5. Allergy CFT: This test is used to identify allergies to
specific substances, such as foods, medications, or
environmental allergens.

In general, CFTs are conducted in a laboratory setting

using a small sample of blood taken from the patient. The
blood is mixed with a known antigen, and the activated
complement is measured to determine the presence and
severity of an infection or other condition.

Instruments for Complement Fixation Test

The following instruments may be used in the Complement
Fixation Test (CFT):

1. Microcentrifuge: This instrument is used to separate

the different components of the blood sample, such as
red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
2. Incubator: This device is used to maintain a consistent
temperature and humidity level during the incubation
period of the CFT.
3. Titration assay equipment: This may include pipettes,
graduated cylinders, and test tubes, which are used to
measure and mix the various solutions and reagents
used in the titration assay.
4. Spectrophotometer: This instrument is used to
measure the absorbance of light by the blood sample
and antigen mixture. The absorbance is used to
calculate the concentration of activated complement in
the mixture.
5. Microplate reader: This instrument is used to read the
results of the CFT from a microplate, which is a small
plastic plate with a grid of wells that can hold small
volumes of fluid. The microplate reader uses a light
source and detectors to measure the absorbance of
the sample in each well.

It's worth noting that these are just a few examples of the
instruments that may be used in a CFT. Other equipment,
such as refrigerators and freezers, may also be used to
store reagents and samples at the appropriate
temperature.

Procedure of Complement Fixation Test

The procedure for a Complement Fixation Test (CFT)
typically involves the following steps:

1. Blood sample collection: A small sample of blood is

taken from the patient and placed into a tube or vial.
2. Mixing with antigen: The blood sample is mixed with a
known antigen, which is a substance that triggers an
immune response. The antigen may be specific to a
particular infection or condition, such as syphilis or
tuberculosis.
3. Incubation: The mixture of blood and antigen is
incubated for a set period of time, typically several
hours to a day.
4. Measurement of activated complement: The
activated complement in the mixture is measured using
a laboratory technique called a titration assay. This
involves adding a series of increasing concentrations of
a known complement-binding substance to the mixture
and measuring the amount of complement that
becomes bound.
5. Interpretation of results: The results of the CFT are
interpreted based on the amount of activated
complement present in the mixture. A higher level of
activated complement indicates a stronger immune
response to the antigen and may suggest the presence
of an infection or other condition.

Benefits of Complement Fixation Test

There are several benefits to using the complement
fixation test:

1. It is relatively simple to perform and does not require

specialized equipment.
2. It is relatively inexpensive compared to other laboratory
tests.
3. It can be used to detect a wide range of different
antibodies, including those that are produced in
response to infections or vaccines.
4. It can be used to monitor the body's immune response
to a specific infection or vaccine over time.
5. It can be used to diagnose infections or other
conditions that may not be detectable by other
laboratory tests.

Limitations of Complement Fixation Test

There are several limitations to the complement fixation
test:

1. It is not as sensitive as some other laboratory tests,

which means it may not be able to detect low levels of
antibodies in the blood.
2. It can produce false positive results, which means it
may indicate the presence of antibodies when they are
not actually present. This can be due to cross-
reactivity with other substances in the blood or to
other substances in the test itself.
3. It can produce false negative results, which means it
may not detect the presence of antibodies when they
are actually present. This can be due to low levels of
antibodies in the blood or to other factors that interfere
with the test.
4. It requires a relatively large sample of blood, which may
be inconvenient or uncomfortable for some people.
5. It can be time-consuming to perform, as it requires
multiple steps and often involves incubating the sample
for several hours or more.
6. It requires specialized training and expertise to perform
correctly, which may not be available at all laboratories.

CFT Full Form in AML

CFT stands for "Combating the Financing of Terrorism."
It refers to the efforts to prevent terrorists and terrorist
organizations from obtaining funding and financial support.
In the context of AML (Anti-Money Laundering), CFT
involves identifying, tracking, and disrupting the financial
networks and channels that terrorists use to raise and
move funds. This can include efforts to identify and freeze
assets, disrupt money laundering activities, and implement
financial sanctions against individuals or organizations
involved in terrorist financing. CFT is an important part of
AML efforts, as terrorists rely on access to funds in order
to carry out their activities.

CFT Full Form in Construction

CFT stands for Concrete Filled Steel Tube. It is a type of
structural element used in construction that consists of a
hollow steel tube that is filled with concrete to increase its
stiffness and strength. CFTs are typically used in the
construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures
where a combination of high strength and stiffness is
required. They are also used to resist lateral loads, such as
those caused by wind or earthquakes. CFTs are known for
their ability to withstand high levels of stress and
deformation without failing, making them an ideal choice
for use in a variety of structural applications.

CFT Full Form in Industry

CFT stands for Cross-Functional Team in the industry
context. A cross-functional team is a group of people from
different functional areas within an organization who come
together to work on a specific project or task. These teams
are formed to bring together the expertise and
perspectives of individuals from different functional areas,
such as marketing, sales, engineering, and operations, to
work towards a common goal. Cross-functional teams are
often used in organizations to facilitate collaboration and
communication across functional boundaries, and to
encourage the sharing of knowledge and expertise. They
can be used to address a wide range of business
challenges, including product development, process
improvement, and customer service.

CFT Full Form in Chemistry

In chemistry, Crystal field theory (CFT) is a model that
describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron energy
levels of transition metal ions in an octahedral or
tetrahedral crystal field. It explains the patterns of colors
observed in transition metal compounds and predicts the
magnetic behavior of these compounds. The theory was
developed in the 1930s as a way to explain the observed
spectroscopic and magnetic properties of transition metal
complexes. CFT is based on the idea that the presence of
a metal ion in a crystal causes a separation or "splitting" of
the metal's d-orbitals into different energy levels, resulting
in a specific pattern of electron energy levels. This splitting
is caused by the electrostatic interaction between the
metal ion and the surrounding ligand ions. CFT is a
powerful tool for understanding the properties of transition
metal compounds and is widely used in inorganic
chemistry and coordination chemistry.

CFT Full Form in Logistics

In logistics, cubic feet (CFT) is a unit of measurement
used to express the volume of a container or space in
terms of cubic feet. It is commonly used to describe the
capacity of shipping containers, cargo trailers, and storage
units. The volume of a container or space in cubic feet is
calculated by multiplying its length, width, and height in
feet. For example, a container that is 10 feet long, 5 feet
wide, and 8 feet high has a volume of 400 cubic feet (10 x
5 x 8 = 400). Cubic feet is a unit of volume, and is not
related to the crystal field theory in chemistry.

CFT Full Form in Hindi

Complement Fixation Test एक स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण है जो एक जीवाणु
या बीमारी से संबंिधत एक स्पष्ट अिभयान या एक रोग के मामले में संक्रमण की
पुिष्ट करने का उपयोग करता है। इसमें, एक िवशेष प्रकार का संयुक्त िमश्रण
(complement) रोगाणु से संबंिधत एक ऱेिज़स्टर (antigen) के साथ
िमलाया जाता है। जब रोगाणु संबंिधत रेिज़स्टर को खोज सकते हैं, तो वे
संयुक्त िमश्रण को अपनी िस्थित से हटा देंगे, जो एक प्रत्येक िमश्रण के साथ
संयुक्त होने से पिरणामस्वरूप संयुक्त को खत्म करने के िलए अनुकूिलत होता
है।

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FAQs on CFT Full Form

Can concrete filled steel tubes be used in seismic

zones?

Yes, they can be designed to meet the specific

seismic requirements of a given location.

How is the load-carrying capacity of a concrete

filled steel tube determined?

Can concrete filled steel tubes be used in high-

rise buildings?

How is the concrete fill placed in a steel tube?

Can concrete filled steel tubes be curved or

bent?

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