PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

LEARNING
MODULE 01:
APPLICATION OF
ST
1 ORDER
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Prepared by:
AERO FACULTY
1|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ref.
Title Page
no
I. Decomposition and Growth 1, 2 & 7 6
II. Newton’s Law of Cooling 3&7 10
III. Mixture (Non-reacting Fluids) 4&5 13
IV. Electric Circuits 6&8 20
Problem Set 26
Module Learning Report 27

TIME ALLOTMENT TO FAMILLARIZE

Decomposition and Growth 1 hrs
Newton’s Law of Cooling 45 mins
Mixture (Non-reacting Fluids) 1 hrs
Electric Circuits 45 mins
Problem Set 1 hr 30 mins
Module Learning Report 3 hrs

2|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

TABLE OF REFERENCES
References N
o
.
Amsi.org.au, (2020).
1
/https://amsi.org.au/ESA_Senior_Years/SeniorTopic3/3e/3e_2content_1.html
CK-12 Foundation, (2020). https://www.ck12.org/calculus/differential-
equations-representing-growth-and-decay/lesson/Exponential-Growth-and- 2
Decay-CALC/
MATHalino – Engineering Mathematics, (2020).
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/elementary-differential-equations/newton- 3
s-law-cooling
Krista King Math, (2020). https://www.kristakingmath.com/blog/mixing-
4
problems-differential-equations
Math Principles in Everyday Life, (2012). http://www.math-
5
principles.com/2013/08/mixing-non-reacting-fluids-2.html
Sharetechnote.com,
http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/DE_Modeling_Example_ElectricCircuit.ht 6
ml
LibreTexts Library, (2020).
https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Calculus/Book%3A_Calculus_(OpenSt
7
ax)/06%3A_Applications_of_Integration/6.8%3A_Exponential_Growth_and_D
ecay
Electronic Tutorials, (2020). https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/inductor/lr-
8
circuits.html

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure No. REFERENCE
http://www.math-principles.com/2013/08/mixing-non-reacting-
1 fluids-2.html
http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/DE_Modeling_Example_Elect
2, 3 & 4 ricCircuit.html

3|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

This module discusses the basic application of 1st order differential equation.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]

CLO 1. Adapt the processes of Module Learning Outcomes [MLO]

solving Differential Equations
using real world problems Topic Learning Outcomes [TLO]
MLO 01: Portray the process of
CLO 2. Classify Differential using 1st Order ODE in different
Equation Solutions using fields of science and produce TLO 01: Solve basic application
formulas and theorems. accurate solutions problems described by first
st order differential equations.
CLO 3. Construct solutions of MLO 02: Application basic 1
differential equation such as Order Differential Equation TLO 02: Adapt differential
general and particular solutions equations on decomposition
using the constant of integration and growth, Newton’s law of
and the initial/boundary value cooling, Mixing, and Electric
problems. fluid problems
CLO 4. Distinguish the differences
between the different formulae
to accurately apply to different
situations of finding differential
equations.
CLO 5. Elaborate basic Principles
of differential calculus on finding
the solutions of differential
equations.
CLO 6. Identify the solutions of
first order differential equations
using various techniques such as
variable separable, Exact
equations, homogeneous
equations, and Linear differential
equations.
CLO 8. Interpret the solutions of
Differential equations by
analyzing data of first order
ODE, Higher order ODE, and
Laplace transforms.
CLO 9. Analyze and Solve
Differential Equation Problems
under a specified amount of
time limit yet produces accurate
solution.
CLO 10. Application of
integration techniques on single
and multi-variable functions of
ordinary differential equation

4|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

As an introductory activity, I encourage everyone to watch this short Video entitled

“Introduction to Initial Value Problems by Professor Leonard” in order to easily
understand the topics that we are going to encounter. Inside this is the process of
Initial Value Problems which helps us in eliminating arbitrary constants.
“As students, you are expected to uphold standards of intellectual and
academic integrity. The State College assumes as a basic and minimum
standard of conduct in academic matters that students must be honest and that
they submit for credit only the works of their own efforts.”

5|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

I. DECOMPOSITION AND GROWTH

Exponential Growth and Decay

In this application of 1st Order Differential Equation, we use and equation instead of many variables
in solving/getting a certain variable or function. In growth and decay, mostly we will be using a
function of time. The rate of which a substance changes is proportional to the quantity of substance
present at any time.
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑘𝑥 or 𝑥 ′ (𝑡) = 𝑘𝑥(𝑡) ➔ Rate Equation
𝑑𝑡

𝑥 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡 ➔General Solution
Where:

X = quantity of substance present at any time

t = Time

k = proportionality constant or the rate of growth or decay

The way of solving this type of applications is by completing the model equation or the General
solution by using the Initial Value Present in the problem and by understanding the concept of the
problem. Let’s have an example shall we.

Example.

The population of a town was 60,000 in 1990 and had increased to 63,000 by 2000. Assuming that
the population increases at a rate proportional to its size at any time, estimate the population in
2010.

First analyze the problem, figure out the initial values given

Let’s say the that t = 0 in 1990, so the Population at t = 0 is 60,000. And after 10 years, which is 2000,
the population became 63,000, t = 10 years.

Now let’s make the model equation

@t=0, X=60,000

Input in our general equation to get the value C and eliminate the constant k

𝒙 = 𝑪𝒆𝒌𝒕

Cancel 𝒆𝒌(𝟎) for it is equal to 1 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝑪𝒆𝒌(𝟎)

We got 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝑪

Now let us solve for K

@t=10, X=63,000

Input in our general equation 𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆𝒌(𝟏𝟎)

6|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎=𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆𝒌(𝟏𝟎)
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎/𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒆𝒌(𝟏𝟎)
𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐥𝐧(𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒆𝒌(𝟏𝟎) )
𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐥𝐧 (𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝒌(𝟏𝟎)

Now We got the value of k 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟖 = 𝒌

And we got out Model Equation 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆(𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟖)𝒕

We now Solve for the population in 2010

@t=20

Input t in the model equation 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒆(𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟖)(𝟐𝟎)

We Get 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟑

Exponential Growth Example (Population Growth)

Consider the population of bacteria described earlier. This population grows according to the
function 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝒕 , where t is measured in minutes. How many bacteria are present in the
population after 5 hours (300 minutes)? When does the population reach 100,000 bacteria?

Solution

We have 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝒕 . Then

𝒇(𝟑𝟎𝟎) = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟐(𝟑𝟎𝟎) ≈ 𝟖𝟎, 𝟔𝟖𝟔..

There are 80,686 bacteria in the population after 55 hours.

To find when the population reaches 100,000 bacteria, we solve the equation

𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝒕

𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝒆𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝒕

𝒍𝒏𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝒕

𝒍𝒏𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒕= = 𝟑𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐

The population reaches 100,000 bacteria after 310.73 minutes.

7|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Radioactive Decay (Radiocarbon Dating)

One of the most common applications of an exponential decay model is carbon dating. Carbon-14
decays (emits a radioactive particle) at a regular and consistent exponential rate. Therefore, if we
know how much carbon was originally present in an object and how much carbon remains, we can
determine the age of the object. The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5730 years—meaning,
after that many years, half the material has converted from the original carbon-14 to the new
nonradioactive nitrogen-14. If we have 100 g carbon-14 today, how much is left in 50 years? If an
artifact that originally contained 100 g of carbon now contains 10 g of carbon, how old is it? Round
the answer to the nearest hundred years.

Solution

We have

𝒍𝒏𝟐
𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎 =
𝒌
𝒍𝒏𝟐
𝒌 = 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎.

So, the model says

𝒍𝒏𝟐
−( )𝒕
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒆 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎 .

In 5050 years, we have

𝒍𝒏𝟐
−( )(𝟓𝟎)
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒆 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎 ≈ 𝟗𝟗. 𝟒𝟎

Therefore, in 50 years, 99.40 g of carbon-14 remains.

To determine the age of the artifact, we must solve

𝒍𝒏𝟐
−( )𝒕
𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒆 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎

𝟏 −(
𝒍𝒏𝟐
)𝒕
= 𝒆 𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟎

𝒕 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟑𝟓

The artifact is about 19,000 years old.

8|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

• Exponential Growth and Exponential Decay are the most common application of exponential
functions
• Systems that exhibit the exponential growth follow a model of the form y = y0ekt.
• In exponential Growth, the rate of growth is proportional to the quantity present. In other
words, y’ = ky.
• Systems that exhibit the exponential growth have a constant doubling time, which is given by
(ln2)/k.
• Systems that exhibit the exponential decay follow a model of the form y = y0e-kt.
• Systems that exhibit the exponential decay have a constant doubling time, which is given by
-(ln2)/k.
Not easy to understand? Here’s a video with examples. And Review Reference No. 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9rcYTuFG4w

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5nwJKUc3bA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HDRmEGdb9A EASY!!!

9|Page
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

II. NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING

Newton's Law of Cooling states that the temperature of a body changes at a rate proportional to the
difference in temperature between its own temperature and the temperature of its surroundings.
𝑑𝑇
= −𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑠) ➔ Rate Equation for Temperature
𝑑𝑡

𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 + (𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑠)𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 ➔General Solution

Where

T = temperature of the body at any time, t

Ts= temperature of the surroundings (also called ambient temperature)
To= initial temperature of the body
k = constant of proportionality/Rate

Example:

A thermometer which has been at the reading of 70°F inside a house is placed outside where the air
temperature is 10°F. Three minutes later it is found that the thermometer reading is 25°F. Find the
thermometer reading after 6 minutes.
𝒅𝑻
Ts = 10 𝒅𝒕
= −𝒌(𝑻 − 𝑻𝒔)
𝒅𝑻
Equate = −𝒌(𝑻 − 𝟏𝟎)
𝒅𝒕

𝒅𝑻
𝑻−𝟏𝟎
= −𝒌 𝒅𝒕

Integrate 𝐥𝐧(𝑻 − 𝟏𝟎) = −𝒌𝒕 + 𝑪

𝒆^(𝐥𝐧(𝑻 − 𝟏𝟎)) = 𝒆^(−𝒌𝒕 + 𝑪)

𝐓 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝒆−𝒌𝒕+𝒄

𝑻 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝑪𝒆−𝒌𝒕

𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑪𝒆−𝒌𝒕

Now t=0, T=70 𝟕𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝑪𝒆−𝒌(𝟎)

So 𝑪 = 𝟔𝟎 So, Our General Solution will be 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎𝒆−𝒌𝒕

Now when t=3, T=25

𝟏
𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎𝒆−𝟑𝒌 Thus, 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎(𝟒)𝒕/𝟑

𝟏𝟓 = 𝟔𝟎𝒆−𝟑𝒌 if t=6
𝟏𝟓 𝟏
𝟔𝟎
= 𝒆−𝟑𝒌 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎(𝟒)𝟔/𝟑

𝟏 𝟏
𝒆−𝒌 = (𝟒)𝟑 Ans. 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝑭

10 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Easy enough right? What? Need examples? Aight aihgt, here’s a video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejEXSjdMpck&list=RDCMUCEWpbFLzoYGPfuWUMFPSa
oA&start_radio=1&t=4
More Example
According to experienced baristas, the optimal temperature to serve coffee is between 155°F and
175°F . Suppose coffee is poured at a temperature of 200°F , and after 2 minutes in a 70°F room it
has cooled to 180°F . When is the coffee first cool enough to serve? When is the coffee too cold to
serve? Round answers to the nearest half minute.

Solution

T = (T0 – Ta) e-kt + Ta

𝟏𝟖𝟎 = (𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟕𝟎)𝒆−𝒌(𝟐) + 𝟕𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆𝟐𝒌
𝟏𝟏
= 𝒆−𝟐𝒌
𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟏
𝒍𝒏 ( ) = −𝟐𝒌
𝟏𝟑

𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏 − 𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑 = −𝟐𝒌

𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝒌=
𝟐

Then, the we get the model

𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
−( )(𝒕)
𝑻 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆 𝟐 + 𝟕𝟎
Then coffee will reaches 175 F when
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
−( )(𝒕)
𝟏𝟕𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆 𝟐 + 𝟕𝟎
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
−( )(𝒕)
𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆 𝟐

𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟏 −( )(𝒕)
=𝒆 𝟐
𝟐𝟔
𝟐𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝒍𝒏 ( ) = − (
𝟐𝟔 𝟐
) (𝒕)
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟏 − 𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟔 = − (
𝟐
) (𝒕)

11 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝟐(𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟏−𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟔)
𝒕=
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑

𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟔
The coffee can be served 2.5 minutes after it is poured.
The Coffee reaches 155 F at
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
−( )(𝒕)
𝟏𝟓𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆 𝟐 + 𝟕𝟎
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
−( )(𝒕)
𝟖𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝒆 𝟐

𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟕 −( )(𝒕)
=𝒆 𝟐
𝟐𝟔
𝟏𝟕 𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝒍𝒏 ( ) = − (
𝟐𝟔 𝟐
) (𝒕)
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟕 − 𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟔 = − (
𝟐
) (𝒕)
𝟐(𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟕−𝒍𝒏𝟐𝟔)
𝒕=
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟏−𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟑

𝒕 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟗
The coffee is too cold to be served 5 minutes after it is poured.

12 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

III. Mixing - Non-Reacting Fluids

Mixing problems are an application of separable differential equations. They’re word problems that
require us to create a separable differential equation based on the concentration of a substance in a
tank. Usually we’ll have a substance like salt that’s being added to a tank of water at a specific rate.
At the same time, the salt water mixture is being emptied from the tank at a specific rate. We
usually that the contents of the tank are always perfectly mixed, and we’re asked to model the
concentration in the tank at a certain time. The formula we use to model concentration is
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐶1𝑟1 − 𝐶2𝑟2 ➔Rate Equation
𝑑𝑡
Where

r1 = volumetric flow rate at the entrance or rate at which a substance is added

c1 = concentration of substance at the entrance or being added
r2 = volumetric flow rate at the exit or rate at which a substance is removed
c2 = concentration of substance at the exit or being removed
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝐶2 = 𝑉 = 𝐶1𝑟1 − ( )𝑟2
𝑑𝑡 𝑉

Where

x = the amount of salt at time t

V = final volume of a solution at time t

𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜 + (𝑟1 − 𝑟2)𝑡 ➔ = 𝐶1𝑟1 − (𝑉𝑜+(𝑟1−𝑟2)𝑡)𝑟2
𝑑𝑡
V0 is the initial volume of solution at t = 0

Example:

A tank contains 80 gals. of pure water. A brine solution with 2 lbs/gal of salt enters at 2
gals/min, and the well-stirred mixture leaves at the same rate. Find (a) the amount of salt in
the tank at any time, and (b) the time at which the brine leaving will contain 1 lb/gal of salt.

Solution:

The first thing that we have to do is to analyze and illustrate the given word problem as
follows

13 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Photo by Math Principles in Everyday Life

Fig. (1-1)

𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 − 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒕

𝑑𝑥
= 𝑟1 𝑐1 − 𝑟2 𝑐2
𝑑𝑡
where

r1 = volumetric flow rate at the entrance

c1 = concentration of substance at the entrance
r2 = volumetric flow rate at the exit
c2 = concentration of substance at the exit

Since c2 is usually not given in the problem, we can rewrite the above equation as follows

𝑑𝑥
= 𝑟1 𝑐1 − 𝑟2 𝑐2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑟1 𝑐1 − 𝑟2 ( )
𝑑𝑡 𝑉
where

x = the amount of salt at time t

V = final volume of a solution at time t

but

𝑉 = 𝑉 0 + (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )𝑡
where

V0 is the initial volume of solution at t = 0

14 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Therefore, the final working equation will be

𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑟1 𝑐1 − 𝑟2 [ ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑉0 + (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )𝑡
In the given word problem, we know that

r1 = 2 gals/min
c1 = 2 lbs/gal
r2 = 2 gals/min
V0 = 80 gals
x0 = 0 lbs of salt (pure water)

then the above equation becomes

𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑟1 𝑐1 − 𝑟2 [ ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑉0 + (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= (2)(2) − 2 [ ]
𝑑𝑡 80 + (2 − 2)𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= 4 − 2[ ]
𝑑𝑡 80 + (0)𝑡
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
=4−
𝑑𝑡 80
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
=4−
𝑑𝑡 40
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
+ =4
𝑑𝑡 40
𝑑𝑥 1
+ (𝑥) = 4
𝑑𝑡 40

Since the above equation is a first order, first degree linear equation, then the integrating
factor will be equal to

1 1
∫40𝑑𝑡
µ= 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 =𝑒 = 𝑒 40𝑡

15 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

The general solution of the above equation is

𝑥µ = ∫ 𝑄 (𝑡)µ 𝑑𝑡
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑡
40 = ∫ 4𝑒 𝑡
40 𝑑𝑡
1 1
𝑥𝑒 40𝑡 = 4 ∫ 𝑒 40𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 1 1𝑡
𝑥𝑒 40𝑡 = 4 ∗ 40 ∫ 𝑒 40 𝑑𝑡
40
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑡
40 = 160𝑒 𝑡
40 +𝑐
(a) If x = 0 lbs of salt (pure water) at t = 0, then the value of C is

1 1
(0)𝑒 40(0) = 160𝑒 40(0) +𝑐
(0)𝑒 0) = 160𝑒 0 + 𝑐
(0)1 = 160 ∗ 1 + 𝑐
𝑐 = −160
Therefore, the particular solution of the above equation or the amount of salt in the tank at
time t is
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑡
40 = 160𝑒 𝑡
40 +𝑐
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑡
40 = 160𝑒 𝑡
40 − 160
(b) If c2 = 1 lb/gal, then t will be equal to
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑡
40 = 160𝑒 𝑡
40 − 160
Since x is not given, then we can get the value of x using the final concentration of the brine
and the volume of a tank as follows

1 𝑙𝑏
𝑥= ∗ 80𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠 = 80 𝑙𝑏𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡
𝑔𝑎𝑙

16 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Substitute the value of x to the above equation, we have

1 1
𝑥𝑒 40𝑡 = 160𝑒 40𝑡 − 160
1 1
80𝑒 40𝑡 = 160𝑒 40𝑡 − 160
1 1
80𝑒 40𝑡 = 160(𝑒 40𝑡 − 1)
1 1
𝑒 𝑡
40 = 2(𝑒 𝑡
40 − 1)
1
𝑒 40𝑡 =2

Take natural logarithm on both sides of the equation

1
𝑡 = 𝑙𝑛2
40
𝑡 = 40𝑙𝑛2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

which is equal to
𝑡 = 27.73 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
Example:

A tank contains 1,500 L of water and 20 kg of dissolved salt. Fresh water is entering the tank at 15
L/min (the solution stays perfectly mixed), and the solution drains at a rate of 10 L/min. How much
salt is in the tank at t minutes and at 10 minutes?

We’ll start with the mixing problem formula

𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒕
= 𝑪𝟏 𝒓𝟏 − 𝑪𝟐 𝒓𝟐

In this problem, we’re interested in the concentration of salt in the tank.

𝑪𝟏 = 𝟎 kg/L because no salt is being added into the tank.

𝒓𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 L/min because this is the rate at which water is entering the tank

𝒚
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟏,𝟓𝟎𝟎+𝟓𝒕 kg/L because we’re not sure how much salt is leaving the tank, but we know the
initial amount of water is 1,500 L, and we’re adding 15−10=5 L every minute

𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 L/min because this is the rate at which the solution is leaving the tank

17 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

If we plug all these values into the formula, we get

𝒅𝒚 𝒚
= (𝟎)(𝟏𝟓) − (𝟏𝟎)
𝒅𝒕 𝟏, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝒕

𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝒚
=−
𝒅𝒕 𝟏, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝒕

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒚
=−
𝒅𝒕 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕

Now we’ll separate the variables.

𝟐𝒚
𝒅𝒚 = − 𝒅𝒕
𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒅𝒕
=−
𝒚 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕

With the variables separated, we’ll integrate both sides of the equation.

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒅𝒕
∫ = ∫−
𝒚 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕

𝐥𝐧|𝒚| = −𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕| + 𝒄

Raise both sides to the base e in order to eliminate the natural log.

𝐞[𝐥𝐧|𝒚| = −𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕| + 𝒄]

𝐲 = 𝒆−𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝟑𝟎𝟎+𝒕| 𝒆𝒄

𝐲 = 𝒆−𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝟑𝟎𝟎+𝒕| 𝒆𝒄

−𝟐
𝐲 = 𝒆𝐥𝐧(|𝟑𝟎𝟎+𝒕|) 𝒆𝒄

𝐲 = 𝒄(|𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕|)−𝟐

Time t will always be positive (it’s nonsensical to have “negative time”), so 300+t will always be
positive, and we can remove the absolute value bars from the |300+t|.

𝐲 = 𝒄(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕)−𝟐

𝒄
𝐲=
(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕)𝟐

We were told that initially 20 kg of dissolved salt existed in the tank, so y(0)=20.

18 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝒄
𝟐𝟎 =
(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎)𝟐

𝒄
𝟐𝟎 =
𝟗𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝐜 = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Plugging this back into the general solution, we get

𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕)𝟐

This is the equation that models the amount of salt in the tank at t minutes. If we want to figure out
how much salt is in the tank after 5 minutes, we just plug 5 in for t. If we want to figure out how
much salt is in the tank after 20 minutes, we just plug 20 in for t.

We’ve also been asked in this problem to find the amount of salt in the tank after 10 minutes.
Plugging 10 in for t, we get

𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒕)𝟐

𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
(𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎)𝟐

𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟐

𝟏, 𝟖𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
𝟗𝟔, 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟖, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐲=
𝟗𝟔𝟏

𝐲 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟕𝟑

After 10 minutes, there’s 18.73 kg of salt in the tank.

Easy right, here’s more video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stE2-7Z6wlI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqY2-uKvp94

19 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

IV. Electric Circuit

This pages will give you some examples modeling the most fundamental
electrical component and a few very basic circuits made of those component.
Here is one of the most common type of circuit.

R,L - Series

Now We have two components R and L connected in Series and a voltage source
to those components as shown below. The governing equation is also based on
Kirchoff's law as described below.

Fig. (1-2)

The voltage across the resistor and inductor can be described as shown below.
Since most of the governing equation for electrical component is described in
terms of Voltage, I would describe the circuit so as to calculate the voltage
across the component. But in some cases you would need to describe the circuit
so as to calculate the current or charges. In that case you would need to modify
the equation to give you the right form of equation.

Fig. (1-3)

Applying the Kirchoff's voltage rule, you can combine all the terms shown above
into a single equation as shown below. All of these equations mean same thing.
In terms of differential equation, the last one is most common form but
depending on situation you may use other forms.

20 | P a g e
 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝑖 = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝐿 = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑦
𝑅 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

𝑉 𝑑𝑖
𝑖=
𝑅
(1 − 𝑒 −(𝑅/𝐿)𝑡 ) 𝑉 = 𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
Fig. (1-4)

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

𝑽(𝒕) − (𝑽𝑹 + 𝑽𝑳 ) = 𝟎

The voltage drop across the resistor, R is I*R (Ohms Law)

𝑽𝑹 = 𝒊𝑹
The voltage drop across the inductor, L is by now our familiar expression L(di/dt)
𝒅𝒊
𝑽𝑳 = 𝑳
𝒅𝒕
Then the final expression for the individual voltage drops around the LR series circuit can
be given as
𝒅𝒊
𝑽(𝒕) = 𝒊𝑹 + 𝑳
𝒅𝒕
𝑽
Steady State Current 𝒊=𝑹
𝑳
Time Constant 𝝉=𝑹
𝑹𝒕
Induced emf 𝑽𝑳 = 𝑽𝒆− 𝑳

21 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝑹𝒕
𝑽
Instantaneous Current 𝒊 = 𝑹 (𝟏 − 𝒆− 𝑳 )

Power
Instantaneous rate at which the voltage source delivers power to the circuit is given as:
𝑷 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒊𝒏 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
The instantaneous rate at which power is dissipated by the resistor in the form of heat is
given as

𝑷 = 𝒊𝟐 𝑹 𝒊𝒏 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
The rate at which energy is stored in the inductor in the form of magnetic potential energy
is given as
𝒅𝒊
𝑷 = 𝑽𝒊 = 𝑳𝒊 𝒊𝒏 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
𝒅𝒕
Then we can find the total power in a RL series circuit by multiplying by i and is therefore
𝒅𝒊
𝑷 = 𝒊𝟐 𝑹 + 𝑳𝒊 𝒊𝒏 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
𝒅𝒕
Example: An RL circuit has an emf of 3 V, a resistance of 30 Ω, an inductance of 1 H, and no initial
current.

Find the current in the circuit at any time t.

Using the formula

𝑉
𝑖= (1 − 𝑒 −(𝑅/𝐿)𝑡 )
𝑅

3 30
−( )𝑡
𝑖= (1 − 𝑒 1 )
30
30
−( )𝑡
𝑖 = 0.1 (1 − 𝑒 1 )

Now try using the DE in solving if it is the same. You will get a linear equation.

𝑑𝑖
𝑉 = 𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖
3 = 30𝑖 + 1 ∗
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖
3 = 30𝑖 + ➔ Linear. Find the Integrating factor µ(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 ➔ 𝑒 ∫ 30𝑑𝑡 ➔𝑒 30𝑡
𝑑𝑡

22 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝑑𝑖
𝑒 30𝑡 [30𝑖 + 𝑑𝑡 = 3]
𝑑𝑖
➔ ∫ 𝑒 30𝑡 (30𝑖 + 𝑑𝑡) = ∫ 3𝑒 30𝑡
3 30𝑡
➔𝑖𝑒 30𝑡 = 30
𝑒 +𝑐

➔Use initial value, it says no initial Current

t = 0, i = 0,
3
➔(0)𝑒 30(0) = 30 𝑒 30(0) + 𝑐

➔ c = -3/30 or -0.1

➔ Input

➔𝑖𝑒 30𝑡 = 0.1𝑒 30𝑡 − 0.1

➔ [𝑖𝑒 30𝑡 = 0.1𝑒 30𝑡 − 0.1]/𝑒 30𝑡

➔𝑖 = 0.1 − 0.1/𝑒 30𝑡

𝟏
➔𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟏 − ) or 𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟑𝟎𝒕 ) DONE!!!
𝒆𝟑𝟎𝒕

Example: Given a LR series circuit with a resistance of 10 ohms and emf of 100 volts. Find the
Inductance L, when the initial current is zero, and is equal to 9 amperes after 1 second.

𝒅𝒊
➢ 𝑽 = 𝑹𝒊 + 𝑳 Input the given
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒊
➢ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝒊 + 𝑳
𝒅𝒕
𝟏 𝒅𝒊
➢ [𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝒊 + 𝑳 ]
𝑳 𝒅𝒕
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝒊 𝒅𝒊
➢ = +
𝑳 𝑳 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒊 𝟏𝟎𝒊 𝟏𝟎𝟎
➢ + =
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

We can see that this is a linear equation with a Constant variable L and with respect to t

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 𝑳 )𝒕
➢ µ(𝒙) = 𝒆∫ 𝑷𝒅𝒕 = 𝒆∫ 𝑳 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒆 Find the Integrating Factor

𝟏𝟎
( 𝑳 )𝒕 𝒅𝒊 𝟏𝟎𝒊 𝟏𝟎𝟎
➢𝒆 [ + = ] Multiply to both side
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 𝑳 )𝒕 𝒅𝒊 ( )𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝒊 ( )𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎
➢ 𝒆 + 𝒆 𝑳 = 𝒆 𝑳
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

23 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒅 ( 𝑳 )𝒕 ( )𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎
➢ (𝒆 𝒊= 𝒆 𝑳 Collapse Left Hand Side
𝒅𝒕 𝑳

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒅 ( 𝑳 )𝒕 ( )𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎
➢ ∫ (𝒆 𝒊) = ∫𝒆 𝑳 𝑳 Integrate Both sides
𝒅𝒕

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 𝑳 )𝒕 ( 𝑳 )𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑳
➢𝒆 𝒊=𝒆 ∗ ∗ +𝒄
𝑳 𝟏𝟎

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 𝑳 )𝒕 ( 𝑳 )𝒕
➢𝒆 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎𝒆 +𝒄
𝒄
➢ 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 Now we got our equation for i
( )𝒕
𝒆 𝑳

➢ @ 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝒊 = 𝟎 Now we use our Initial Value

𝒄
➢ 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 Input
( )𝒕
𝒆 𝑳

𝒄
➢ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎
( )𝟎
𝒆 𝑳

𝒄
➢ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 +
𝒆𝟎

➢ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝒄

➢ 𝒄 = −𝟏𝟎 We got our c

𝟏𝟎
➢ 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎
( )𝒕
𝒆 𝑳

➢ @ 𝒕 = 𝟏, 𝒊 = 𝟗 Input our other condition

𝟏𝟎
➢ 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎
( )𝒕
𝒆 𝑳

24 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

𝟏𝟎
➢ 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎
( )𝟏
𝒆 𝑳

𝟏𝟎
➢ 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟗
( )𝟏
𝒆 𝑳

𝟏𝟎
➢ 𝟏𝟎 =𝟏
( )𝟏
𝒆 𝑳

𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 (𝑳)
➢ =𝒆
𝟏

𝟏𝟎
(𝑳)
➢ 𝒍𝒏 [𝒆 = 𝟏𝟎]

𝟏𝟎
➢ = 𝒍𝒏 𝟏𝟎
𝑳

𝟏𝟎
➢ =𝑳
𝒍𝒏𝟏𝟎

➢ 𝑳 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟒 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒚 DONE!!!

Easy right. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnSGSfW0ttc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82qQBWHUSys VIDS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

No Worries! You’re at home, you can open your notes when you’re stuck on something

25 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Problem set: Analyze and solve. Write FULL SOLUTION in an A4 or

short bond paper or long bond paper or any white clean paper.
Indicate the application of 1st order ODE. No Erasure.
1. A radioactive substance has a half-life of 1620 years.

a. If its mass is now 4 g (grams), how much will be left 810 years from now?
b. Find the time t1 when 1.5 g of the substance remain.
2. Consider a population of bacteria that grows according to the function f(t)=500e^0.05t ,
where t is measured in minutes. How many bacteria are present in the population after 4
hours? When does the population reach 100 million bacteria?
3. A ceramic insulator is baked at 400∘ C and cooled in a room in which the temperature is
25∘ C. After 4 minutes the temperature of the insulator is 200∘ C. What is its temperature
after 8 minutes?
4. A 1500-gallon tank initially contains 600 gallons of water with 5 lbs of salt dissolved in it.
Water enters the tank at a rate of 9 gal/hr and the water entering the tank has a salt
concentration of (1/5)(1+cos(t)) lbs/gal. If a well-mixed solution leaves the tank at a rate of 6
gal/hr, how much salt is in the tank when it overflows?
5. An RL circuit has an emf of 5 volts, a resistance of 50 ohms, an inductance of 1 henry, and
no initial current. Find the current in the circuit at any given time t.

26 | P a g e
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Learning Module 01: Application of Differential Equation

Module Learning Report

Write it on a clean paper and answer the problems lengthwise.
Please write your name on the top left corner and your course, year level, and the section below. Insert “Midterm
Assignment” at the top centre of the paper.
Submit your scanned work to the provided link in the google classroom.

It should contain a report about the important parts/Key points of every topic in this module in the way you understand it.
Include some examples about every topic as much as possible.

PS. You don’t need to give examples that you haven’t learned yet or not included in the module.

Here is the Basis of your grades

Rubrics
Score CRITERIA
Knowledge Generate new ideas Completeness
5 The report shows full The report shows The report covers all
knowledge with a well best new ideas for the topics in the
concise explanations advancement of module
learning
4 The report shows numerous The report shows The report covers
knowledge with a well some new ideas for 80% of the topics in
concise explanations advancement of the module
learning
3 The report shows numerous The report shows a The report covers
knowledge with concise well generated new 60% of the topics in
explanations ideas the module
2 The report shows numerous The report shows The report covers
knowledge with some some new ideas 40% of the topics in
concise explanations the module
1 The report shows some The report doesn’t The report covers
knowledge with some show new ideas 20% of the topics in
concise explanations the module

Make sure to compile your problem sets and written report.

27 | P a g e