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Integration and Applications - 3

The document discusses the integration of linear functions and provides a method for integrating expressions of the form 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) using the reverse of the chain rule. It also covers the integration of trigonometric functions and the use of trigonometric identities to simplify integrals. Examples and exercises are included to illustrate these concepts.

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16 views4 pages

Integration and Applications - 3

The document discusses the integration of linear functions and provides a method for integrating expressions of the form 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) using the reverse of the chain rule. It also covers the integration of trigonometric functions and the use of trigonometric identities to simplify integrals. Examples and exercises are included to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

manulaweerarathne.greatview
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration and Applications

8. Integrating function of a linear function

It is often necessary to integrate any one of the expressions shown in our list of standard
integrals when the variable 𝑥 is replaced by a linear expression in 𝑥. That is, of the form
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏.
For example,
4
𝑦 = ∫(3𝑥 + 2)4 𝑑𝑥 is of the same structure as 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 except that 𝑥 is replaced by
the linear expression 3𝑥 + 2. Let us put 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2 then,

4
∫(3𝑥 + 2)4 becomes ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

We now have to change the variable 𝑥 in 𝑑𝑥 before we can progress. Now, 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2


So that:
𝑑𝑢
=3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
That is : 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 or, alternatively 𝑑𝑥 =
3

We now find that our integral can be determined as :

4 4 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢5 1 (3𝑥+2)5
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢 = 3( 5) + 𝐶 = 3 ( )+𝐶
3 5

1
Examples-

Exercise

2
9. Integrating 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)

If you know the integral of a function 𝑓(𝑥) you can integrate a function of the form 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
using the reverse of the chain rule for differentiation.

Ex-

Ex-

3
10.Integration of trigonometric function

Standard trigonometric functions

Ex-

Trigonometric identities can be used to integrate expressions. This allows an expression


that cannot be integrated to be replaced by an identical expression that can be
integrated.

Ex-
1. Find ∫ tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. Find ∫ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. Find ∫ sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4. Find ∫(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

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