MANUAL OF

FORMULAS
MATH
 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Content

aPa” = a"+q.......................................................................................................................................................................................4
ap-q......................................................................................................................................................................................................4
a > k <> a < - k.....................................................................................................................................................................6
k < a <> k < aa < - k..............................................................................................................................................................6
a + a, +... + a = a......................................................................................................................................................................7
z = a + bi = a - bi...............................................................................................................................................................10
ra = r ( Thing + iSena^........................................................................................................................................................10
lim-N/ = ^a..........................................................................................................................................................................10
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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Fractions
Addition or subtraction of fractions with the same Addition or subtraction of fractions with different
denominator denominators
to c _ a ± c a + c _ ad ± cb bd bd
b bb bdf bdf
a+c_d_a ± c ± d aCe _ adf ± cbf ± ebd
bbb b
Multiplication of fractions Division of fractions

ac
to to
bd b_ ad to b_ to
ad =
—= -
acd c bc c c c bc
d d

Laws of exponents
(ab) = a "" "b

to

”=
bp

aPa
—
>
=a aq
" q if p to
"

a" 1 to
if p < q "
her
e ap- =a "

(a" ) q = apq

Laws of signs

(+)+(+)=+ (+)(+) =
(-)+(-)
= - +
(-)(-)
= +
(+) + (-) = (the result will have the sign of the summand of = -
(-)(+)

highest absolute value)

(+(-) = -

For the sum For multiplication

(+) + (-) = (the result will have the sign of the addend with the
highest absolute value)

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Geometry. (Area and volume)

Figure Scheme Number of faces Area

TO
Tetrahedron 4 faces, equilateral triangles A=a2/3

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

■ J
Octahedron
/NA 3 faces, equilateral triangles A= 2-a2.3
P/

/ —
Cube 6 faces, squares A=6a2
7
* —

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Absolute
value of
Properties a if a > 0 absolute value
a > k <> a < - k
- if a < 0
a < k <>- k < a < k
k < a <> k < aa < - k

log aM + log aN

Og aM - lOg aN

log aN

( a(c+d) = ac+ad a - b)3 = a3

- 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3

(a + b)(a - b) = a2
- b2

(a + b)(a + b) = (a + b )2 = a2
+ 2
ab + b2
(a - b)(a - b) = (a - b)2 = a2
- 2ab + b2

(a + b + c )2 = a2
+ b2
+ c2
+ 2 ab +
2 ac + 2 bc

(a - b)(a2 + ab + b ) = a3
- b3

(a + b)(a2 -ab + b2) = a3

+ b3

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

(x + b)(x + d) = x2
+ (b + d) x + bd
(ax + b)(cx + d) = acx2 + (ad + bc)
x + bd

(a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd

(a + b )3 = a3
+ 3a2 b + 3 ab2 + b3

(a - b)(a3 + a2b
+ ab2 + b3) = a4
- b4

(a + b)(a3 - a2b + ab2 - b3) = a4

- b4

(a - b)(a4 + a3b + a2b2 + ab3 + b )

= a5
- b15

(a + b)(a4 - a3
b + a2b2 - ab3 + b4)
= a5
+ b15

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Sums and 1
products Send
Properties of sigma summation
a + a, +... + a = a 1 n
12 n ZK £ C = Cn
k=1
Cosd
i=1
n n
> cak = c 2 1 n
n (n
k=1 k=1
ak

Tand
£ +1)
n n n i=
£ (ak + bk ) = 2 ak + 2 i=1
n
n (2n +1)(2 n +1)
bk £
k=1 k=1 k=1
i 6
n n n i=1
£ (ak - ) = 2 - £
n n2
(n +1)2
bk
bk ak
£ 4
k =1 k =1 k =1 i
i=1
n n (n +1)(6 n3 + 9 n2 + n
£
i4
-1)
i=1
30

Trigonometry
CO
Send cscd
= HIP
=
AC
Cosd Seed
= HIP
=
Send CO
Tand Ctgd
= Cosd AC =

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MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

0a
30’ 45° 60“ 90’ 120’ 135’ 150“ 180° 210" 225’ 240’ 270" 300° 315° 330° 360’
Sen 0 1 1 1 0 1 -1 1 0
2 .2 2 73
2
73
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
3
2
73
2
2
2 2
1 0 -1 0 1
Cos 8 3 2 1 1 2
3 3 •2 2 1 1 2 3
2 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2-1 2
0 73 Ind. -1 3 0 3 1 In d. 73 0
Tan 8 3
/3 -13 3 3
3 -73 3

Ind. 1 0 -1 Ind. 1 0 -1 Ind.

Cat 8 3 3 3 -13 3 33 3 -13
3 3 3
See 8 1
2/3 2 2 Ind. -2
-2 2/3 -1
2/3 -42 -2 In d. 2
2 2/3 1
3 3 3 3
Csqe Ind. 2 2 2 2 Ind. -2 -1 -You -2 Ind.
2 2/3 2/3 - 2/3 2/3
3 3 You 3 3

Trigonometric identities
sin" A + cos2 A = sin2 A = 1- 1cos2.A
1 sec" A —tan A cos2 A = 1+1cos2.A
= I esc2 A-cot- A sin 2 A = 2sin.Acos.A
=1 cos 2 A = cos2 A — sin2 A
sin A
so A = stuff sin (A + B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos 4
cot A = sin A
sin A esc A = 1 cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
COS 4 sec A = I tanA ± tanB
tan (A±B) =
I + tan A tan
tan A cot A = I
sin(-A) = -sin .A
sin A sin B = 2 [cost A
cos (—A) = cos A
- B) - cosí A + 51] sin A cos B = sin A - BI +
tan(—A)= -tan A sin (A + 5)] cos A cos B = 2 [cosí A - BI +
cost. A + B )

Law of sines, cosines, tangents

The following laws are valid for any plane triangle ABC with sides a, b. cy of angles A, B, C.

Law of sines
abe
sen A sen 8 senC

Law of cosines
c2=a+b2- 2 abcs C
The other sides and angles are related in a similar way.

Law of tangents
a + b tan 1( A + BI
a — b tan\[AB\
The other sides and angles are related in a similar way.

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Complex numbers
Conjugate of a Binomial complex number

formz z = a + bi = a - bi
= a +
Sum of Complex Product of complex numbers
Numbers(a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (a + bi)(c + di) = (ac - bd) + (ad + bc )i
(b + d) i

Division of complex numbers. Argument of a complex number

(a+bi) _ r(a+bi) y(c- di) (c +

di) L (c + di) L (c - di)
_ (ac + bd) + (-ad + bc)i
c2
= + d2
_ ac + bd bc - ad .
c2
+ d2 c2 + d2

Modulus of a complex number. Polar form

r =| z = a a2
+ b2

From polar to binomial Product of a complex number in polar form

ra = r ( Thing + Z, = Z, | (Cosd + iSend )

iSena^ Z2 = Z | (Cosd, + iSenO2)

a = rThing z,Z2 = z, z2(Cos(e, + 02) + iSen(e, + 0,))

b = rSine
Euler's formula Exponential form
e0
= Cos0 + iSin0 z = z e0

Roots of complex numbers Power of a complex number (Moivre formula)

(2 k^i) ( (2 k^i)
( (
^ + iSen 0 + ¿
P) l P)
zn
=
rn
( Cos ( ) + iSen (x)
x )"

zn
=
rn
( Cos ( nx) + iSen (nx) )
Bound
aries lim c = lim f (x ) ± g (x )] = lim f (x ) ± lim
c g ( x) x—a for for
x —> a

lim x = f(x) lim f (x)

a lim-N/ = ^a------- if lim g(x) * 0 x
—> a
x —> a -ag (x) lim g (x)
x —> a
lim cf (x) = c lim f (x) x —> a x —> a

lim Vf (x) = Jlim f

(x) x —> a x —> a
lim
—> a
f (x) g (x) = lim f (x )lim g (x) x —> a
x —> a
x

lim xn = an
x —> a

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-4648a
;826, MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL
*502-54
1
lim(1 + x) = e = 2.71828... sin(x) x
xx—0
lim x—0
lim x
12 cos(x) x
= and —0
C— +

x
lim x
—
1

>c
lim — = oo c
x-0x
lim cx = 0
—=
TO
—0
x
0
c(0) = 0
lim X = 0 x-0c 0=0 c

lim c = 0 c = 0
x — >cx
TO
c(TO ) =
lim cx = TO TO
x —
x >c0 TO
—
lim — = TO
x >cc —=
Derivatives
General rules of derivation

d , du
dx dx

dF^^dF^dit^ (Chain Rule) dx du

dx

du 1
dx dx/, /du

g dF/
dF
_ /du dx dx/, /du

d(0)=o
(1d ( , ,\Cx) = c
dx
d,d(cxw)
CX (u±v±w±.)=
{
= nex-I
, ±—,±
x, dw
. du dv dx dx dx
say 4 =dxc- -
dx —(cu)
—
ddx
—. dv dx + v du
{uv} = u— —
dx
ddX
—g(Evw) dw
=1 WV——
dt + dv
UW—
dx + du
VW—,
dx
du_ .
H
dr\v/ j du/
/dx> _
0 J
/drJdv/
v2 |

Derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions.

d,
dr loggedu
log Ud =, . u'dx 1 day a»0, a=1
d—
dx. nu=— dx Og u' =----------
u dx
ddx a =a Ind
— ।—dudx

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Derivatives of trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions.

— sin it = COSI — cot It = -CSC It-

—
— COSU = —SCI] it
—
— tann = sec n— -----CSC if = - CSC Ji COT if —

— sen

— cos

— so 1 it =

— cot It =

— sec n

Derivatives of hyperbolic functions and reciprocal hyperbolic functions.

— sen iff = coshu — — coth rr = -csc h

— coshu = senh a— — sec hu sec hu tanhjj —

=
— tanhu = six— — esc hu esc hu cothu —
=

cosh
— cosh
cosh

— tanh

— coth

— sec
h
— esc
h

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

Whole
grains

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

J sen'udu = ju--sen2u+C cos" tidn= +cos" 1 usenu+ fcos"-2 udit n

J cos" itdu = j M+ 4 sin2u + C r tan"udu _1tani-u-1 tan"-2udu

aPa” = a"+q......................................................................4
J tan'udu = tanu-u+C ap-q.....................................................................................4
a > k <> a < - k....................................................6
jcot2 udu = -cotu-u+C k < a <> k < aa < - k.............................................6
a + a, +... + a = a......................................................7
J sin3 udu =-1(2+sin2
z = a + bi = a - bi..............................................10
u)cosu+ C = r ( Thing + iSena^.......................................10
ra

j cos 'u du = 1(2 + cos2 it I lim-N/ = ^a.........................................................10

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MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

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I esc” udu =- - -cot u esc'1 u+-----J CSC"

udu
n—1 I—1

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 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS MANUAL

I cot udu = --cot u- Insenu + C sin(a—b)u sine+b)u

I senau senbu du
=
I sec u du = 1 sec u tanu + 1 Insec u + senla—b)u senla+b)u
I COSau
tanu + C coshitdu =
I feel like cosbu J u" coSudu
du = - =
I feel "ucos"
J usenudu = senu-UCOSu-C udu
I/COS
without" ttiiit

J ucOSu du = COSU + sin U/COS

usenu-C

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