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MindMap Lecture01 Part1

Chapter 1 introduces digital image processing, defining an image as a 2D projection of a 3D scene with intensity values ranging from black to white. It covers sources of images, methods of image formation, and the purpose of image processing, which includes enhancing images for human interpretation and preparing them for machine perception. The chapter also discusses digital image capture, sensing, representation, and the importance of sampling and quantization in maintaining image quality.

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14 views1 page

MindMap Lecture01 Part1

Chapter 1 introduces digital image processing, defining an image as a 2D projection of a 3D scene with intensity values ranging from black to white. It covers sources of images, methods of image formation, and the purpose of image processing, which includes enhancing images for human interpretation and preparing them for machine perception. The chapter also discusses digital image capture, sensing, representation, and the importance of sampling and quantization in maintaining image quality.

Uploaded by

tamer.elsaadany
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 part I

3. Introduction to Digital Image Processing (Pages 6–51)

3.1 What is an Image? (Pages 7–8)

Definition

A 2D projection of a 3D scene.

Represents light intensity at specific coordinates.

Intensity Range

Values range from 0 (black) to 1 (white).

3.2 Sources of Images (Pages 9–16)

Primary Sources

Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum (e.g., X-rays, visible light, infrared).

Details

Visible spectrum divided into six regions: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red.

Monochromatic light: Intensity described as "gray levels."

Chromatic light: Described by radiance, luminance, and brightness.

3.3 Image Formation (Pages 17–18)

Components

Illumination: Energy source incident on a scene.

Reflectance: Proportion of energy reflected by objects.

3.4 Image Processing Definition (Pages 19–24)

Purpose

Enhance images for human interpretation.

Prepare images for machine perception.

Methods

Noise removal.

Edge detection.

Motion blur correction.

Simplifying images for measurement.

3.5 Digital Image Processing (Pages 25–27)

Levels of Processing

Low-Level

: Noise reduction, image sharpening (input/output: image).

Mid-Level

: Object recognition, segmentation (input: image, output: attributes).

High-Level

: Scene understanding, object tracking (input: attributes, output: understanding).

3.6 What is a Digital Image? (Pages 28–29)

Definition

A finite set of discrete values representing intensity at each coordinate.

Elements

Pixels (picture elements) are the smallest unit of a digital image.

3.7 Digital Image Capture (Pages 30–32)

Methods

Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) Cameras: Use a 2D sensor array.

Flatbed Scanners: Use a single row of sensors, capturing the image row by row.

3.8 Digital Image Sensing (Pages 33–41)

Sampling

Converts continuous spatial coordinates into discrete pixels.

Insufficient sampling results in detail loss (aliasing).

Quantization

Divides intensity range into discrete levels.

Inadequate quantization causes "false contouring."

3.9 Image Representation (Pages 42–48)

Matrix Representation

A digital image is stored as a 2D matrix of size

Spatial and Intensity Resolution

Spatial resolution: Smallest visible detail (measured in dpi).

Intensity resolution: Smallest detectable intensity change.

3.10 Best Digital Image Representation (Pages 49–51)

Suitability

Depends on application needs (e.g., low vs. high detail images).

Isopreference Curves

Represent subjective quality of images based on sampling and quantization.

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