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Reynolds Apparatus Fluids Mechanics Lab - Rectified - 2

The document outlines an experiment using Reynold's apparatus to study fluid flow types and determine Reynolds's number. It describes the theory behind laminar and turbulent flow, the procedure for conducting the experiment, and presents observations and calculations of flow rates and types. The results indicate varying flow types, including laminar, turbulent, and transition, emphasizing the importance of Reynolds number in fluid dynamics.

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MD ASHRAF
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20 views4 pages

Reynolds Apparatus Fluids Mechanics Lab - Rectified - 2

The document outlines an experiment using Reynold's apparatus to study fluid flow types and determine Reynolds's number. It describes the theory behind laminar and turbulent flow, the procedure for conducting the experiment, and presents observations and calculations of flow rates and types. The results indicate varying flow types, including laminar, turbulent, and transition, emphasizing the importance of Reynolds number in fluid dynamics.

Uploaded by

MD ASHRAF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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`Date: 11/ 1/23 EXP NO: 1

REYNOLD’S APPARATUS
AIM:
To study different types of flow and to determine the Reynolds’s number.
THEORY:
In Reynolds’s experiments, the ratio of inertia to viscous forces was observed to be
dimensionless and related to viscosity, average pipeline velocity and geometrically similar
boundary conditions. For a homogeneous Newtonian fluid, this dimensionless ratio is Re
expressed as
Re = (DVρ)/ μ
ρ-density of fluid(kg/m3 )
V-Velocity of fluid D-diameter of glass tube
µ-viscosity of fluid (N-s/m2 )
For Re < 2100 - Laminar flow
Re > 4200- Turbulent flow
2100 < Re < 4200 - Transition zone
Depending on the relative magnitude of viscous and inertial forces, flow can occur in two
different manners. A stream line flow is defined as a line, which lies in the direction of flow
is defined as a line, which lies in the direction of flow at a given instant. For lower number
streamline flow or laminar flow to occur. As Reynold’s number increases, eddies are
generated and flow becomes turbulent.
PROCEDURE:
Clean the apparatus and make all tanks free from dust. Close the drain valves provided.
Close flow control valve at the end of test section ie) Glass tube. Fill sump tank with clean
water and ensure no foreign particles are there. Prepare a dye solution (KMnO4) in clean
water in a separate vessel. Close the control valve for dye, given on the P.V tubing. Put this
section in Dye Vessel after ensuring no foreign particles. Regulate minimum flow rate with
the help of dye through capillary tube so that affine colour thread is observed indicating
laminar flow. Increase the flow through glass tube and observe the colour threads, if it is
still straight the flow is still straight the flow still remains to be in laminar flow and if
waviness starts it is non laminar flow. Measure flow rate using measuring cylinder and stop
watch.

FORMULAE:
OBSERVATIONS:

Sl.no Vo(ml) t(s) Observed flow type


1 500ml 17sec Laminar
2 500ml 4.7sec Turbulent
3 500ml 7.93sec Transition
4 500ml 3.8sec Turbulent
5 500ml 13.60sec Laminar
6 500ml 6.18sec Transition
7 500ml 21.12sec Laminar
8 500ml 9.64sec Transition

GIVEN DATA:
D = 0.025m
A = 0.00049

CALCULATIONS:

S.No V(m/s) Re Observed flow type

1 0.06(m/s) 1491.06 Laminar

2 0.215(m/s) 5342.96 Turbulent

3 0.128(m/s) 3180.9 Transition

4 0.267(m/s) 6635.21 Turbulent

5 0.075(m/s) 1863.82 Laminar

6 0.16(m/s) 3976.16 Transition

7 0.048(m/s) 1192.848 Laminar

8 0.105(m/s) 2609.35 Transition

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:


The observed flow type for the eight different reading are:
• Laminar
• Turbulent
• Transition
• Turbulent
• Laminar
• Transition
• Laminar
• Transition

INFERENCE:

• Here we used kinetic viscosity which is basically dynamic


viscosity divided by density(Kg/m3).
• Reynolds number plays an important part in fluid dynamics and heat
transfer problems and calculations.
• It is used when modeling the movement of organisms swimming through
water.

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