See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/373717649

Cooling load Calculation for designing an air conditioning system.

Method · August 2023

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11866.72645

CITATIONS READS

0 120

1 author:

Ertiza hossain Shopnil

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
6 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Ertiza hossain Shopnil on 07 September 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

Cooling Load Calculation For Designing an air conditioning system of My Room

Submitted by:
Ertiza Hossain Shopnil
Mechanical Engineering Department
ID: 1810143
Section: C

Submitted to:
Dr Arif Hasan Mamun
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
BUET
Description:
Height of room: 10m
Roof: Type-9, 100mm Heavy Wright (h.w) concrete with 25mm insulation
Partition wall:
South and west: h.w concrete wall, construction type-D, Sunlit, Dark color.
North, East and some portion of West wall: 150mm Common brick with 25mm plaster on both sides.
Window:
1.5*1.3=1.95 m2 one window on south wall.
Glass: 13mm Clean glass, light construction.
Door:
1*2=2m2 one Hard Wooden door on North wall
0.6*2=1.2m2 one Hard Wooden door on West wall
0.6*2=1.2m2 one uPVC door on North wall
Thickens=35mm (All)
Situation of the conditioned room: 5th floor in 10 stored building
So, roof is not sunlit and it is exposed to another unconditioned room of 6th floor.
Similarly, floor is exposed to another unconditioned room of 4th floor.
So, heat transfer from roof and floor can be calculated as partition wall.
Air Exchange rate: 1/h
Lights: 40W fluorescent light (5pm-6am)
Occupants: 1
Equipment: 1 laptop (5pm-6am)
Detailed information about the surrounding:
East and North walls are exposed to other rooms which are considered unconditioned (30oC). South
and West walls are sunlit walls. But at the West side of room, there is a washroom and corridor.
Washroom wall is considered partition wall and wall exposed to corridor is considered sunlit wall.
Two of the doors are exposed to unconditioned room and one is at corridor. Corridor temperature is
considered same as open space.
Nomenclature:
R: resistance
U: Heat transfer coefficient
K: thermal conductivity
L: length or thickness
CLTD: cooling load temperature difference
CLTD(corr): corrected cooling load temperature difference.
Ti: temperature inside the conditioned room.
T0: temperature outside conditioned room
LM: correction for latitude and month
K: sunlit color (1 for dark color, 0.5 for light color)
f: Attic fan factor (1 for no attic fan/duct, 0.75 for positive ventilation)
Sc: shading coefficient
SHGF: Solar heat gain factor
CLF: cooling load factor
PL: light power
BF: Ballast factor
D: diversity factor

*All Tables are provided at the end.

Roof: Type-9, 100mm h.w concrete with 25mm insulation.

From Table 12-a and 16:
Code Resistance
A0 0.059
E2 0.099
E3 0.05
B5 0.587
C5 0.059
E0 0.121
Total=0.975 m2c/m

Heat transfer coeff U= 1/0.975 = 1.025 w/m2k.

Wall:
Sunlit wall (South and West): 101.6mm concrete with 25.4mm insulation
Code Resistance
A0 0.059
A1 0.037
C5 0.0587
B2 0.59
E1 0.026
E0 0.121
Total=0.8917 m2c/m

Heat transfer coeff U= 1/0.975 = 1.12 w/m2k.

Partition wall (North and East):

150mm common brick with 25mm plaster on both sides.
R(for 150mm common brick)= L/k= 0.15/0.727=0.206= R2
R(for 25mm plaster)= L/k=0.025/0.7277=0.034= R1=R3

Toral R= 0.454
U=1/R= 2.203 w/m2k.

Doors:
1. 0.9*2 m2 (North wall) ; 35mm thick ; Wooden
K=0.16
R=L/k= 0.035/0.16=0.21875

2 wooden doors
R(wood)= 2*0.21875+0.121+0.059=0.6175
U(w)=1.62 w/m2k
2. 0.6*2m2 (West wall) ; 35mm PVC door
K=0.172
R=0.035/0.172=0.203
U(pvc)=2.84 w/m2k

Situation of the room to be conditioned is at 5th floor in 10 stored building. So roof is not sunlit. It is
exposed to another unconditioned room of 6th floor. Similarly, floor is exposed to unconditioned
space of 4th floor. So heat conduction through floor and roof can be calculated as partition wall. Floor
material is same as roof:
SL no Item Description Area(m2) U(w/m2k) Temperature Heat in
difference Q(w)
1 Partition wall N 7.6 2.203 30-22=8 134
2 Partition wall E 9.09 2.203 8 161
3 Washroom wall N-E 7.2 2.203 8 127
4 Door-1 N 2 1.62 8 26
5 Door-2 N 1.2 1.62 8 16
6 Door-3 W 1.2 2.84 33-22=11 38
7 Roof Type-9 15.321 1.025 8 126
8 Floor Type-9 15.321 1.025 8 126
Total
Q=754W

For SL no 6 : Table-9 is used to find temperature difference.

Sunlit wall:
ASHRAE condition for cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) :
July 20, location at 400N latitude, (Conditioned temp)Ti=25.5C and (outside temp)T0=29.4C.
My condition:
April, location at 240N latitude, Ti=22C and T0=30C
So CLTD should be corrected.

CLTD(corr)=[(CLTD+LM)*K+(25.5-Ti)+(T0,avg – 29.4)]f

From table-9: T0,avg =T(max)-(mean delay range)/2 = 33-1/2=27.5C

K=1 [dark color]
f=1

CLTD(corr) for West wall:

Table-15: type D , W and 5pm gives CLTD=13
Table-13: 24latitude apr/aug, W gives LM=-0.5
K=f=1

CLTD(corr)|w= [(13-0.5)*1+(25.5-22)+(27.5-29.4)*1=14.1

Similarly CLTD(corr) for south wall :

CLTD=15, LM=-/16
CLTD(corr)|s=15

Sunlit glass:
Table-20: 5pm: CLTD(glass)=7

Heat conduction through sunlit wall

Sl no Item Description A U CLTD(corr) Q(w)
1 West wall Type-D 3.39 1.12 14.1 58
2 South wall Type-D 15.15 1.12 15 255
3 South window S 1.95 2.86 7 39
Total
Q=352w

Heat gain through glass:

Due to solar radiation: Q=A*Sc*SHGF*CLF

South side window: A=1.95m2

From Table: 21 , shading coefficient (Sc)=0.88
From Table: 18(a) : SHGF=237
Table 19: S, light construction and 5pm gives CLF=0.43

Q=174.88w

Cooling load for air exchange:

Volume of room=45.963m3
Air circulation rate = 45.963m3/hr = 0.013m3/s=V
Sensible heat gain Q(s)=ρ*Cp*V*(T0-Ti)
Given ρCp=1200j/m3-k and ρhfg =3010000 j/m3
Q(s)=171.6W

Latent heat gain Q(L)= ρhfg*V*(w0-wi)

Outside: Dry bulb temp=33C and wet bulb temp =27C
From psychometric chart w0=21.5e-2
Inside: Dry bulb temp=22C an Relative humidity 50%
From psychometric chart w0=8.5e-2
Therefore, Q(L)=509w

Heat gains due to occupancies:

Moderate office work 130w
Q(s)=75w/person =75w (one person in my room)
Q(L)=55w

Heat gains due to Equipment:

1 laptop of watt p=200w
CLF=1 (let)
Q=P*CLF=200W
Cooling load due to lights:
1 light of 40W=PL
Sensible heat Q(L)= PL*BF*D*CLF where BL=1 for condescend light and 1.2 for fluorescent light, D is
diversity factor=1, CLF=0.85(assumed)
Q(L)=40.8W

All heat gains

Sl no Item Q(s) W Q(L) W Q(total) W

1 Heat conduction through 754 754
partition wall, roof and floor
2 Heat conduction through 352 352
sunlit wall and glass.
3 Solar heat gain through 174.88 174.88
glass.
4 Cooling load for air exchange 171.6 509 680.6
5 Heat gain due to occupancy. 75 55 130
6 Heat gains due to 200 200
equipment.
7 Cooling load due to lights. 40.8 40.8
Total= 2333W

Total Cooling load= 2333W=0.7 ton of refrigeration (TR)

So, my room requires a refrigeration system having capacity 1TR.
t\

u
l'a

u
E
tu
F
o

o
=
c

7
o
z
(9
4
z
9 I i; 5
=
o LI,, d
\-o
z o,
o
: I ,9,
o tr
=d' i
o
z
rdl cil
ccJ r 0
4 .qll
-

<<9
EU; lo
o- z- $ 2.5 Ll<
Jlc
o E
r l:-

I
Gu.- lo
216
rau; r d
qgB E tlr
6!E i F
f f f e oo I

I
9fE
aF a
F

O-:E o
<1-
' HE
''rz
z
o

u) U

. Chrrt No. I
ASIIIIAE Psycltrorrrett'ic
8i.

I:
L

U
{
'al
z
z
>
z - "e2>
'z>
3J
22 Zu)
?.. >
i

= -, -, 1 ta) -, -l
1-

? ) _

fzzu zz =
z --z
/t1
'., Z

^
tl r-\ -t rt-,.4 3ct-ttr-cf,al a\ ct ,c r 5 c a-ta-,T'4<.a:-
=- t l,iir al ol al al ^l ^l cl ol ^t at at al at al .l .r.t ^t .t r, ^1 .1 11 ^j
;l
1l
r; i*"
:^) l::
l" !
@ :7 J-t? -nitr---."1 -, ct r F- - C -t .o1-f _\i_l{/.,<;€_
al cl Ol al ol cl cl al c.t al Ct et ct at at al Cf .- .t rt..t o.t .l ^t _l ot
rvI. - Dc l^l .r ^;
'v, I
ol
I
o llq (}, ta, rt :t -t cl il In oa ol -l (a al r-- rc J
t- cl ^l 6t al ol et ct e.t al ot cl al el cl at a.l cl :rt -. fl - r ^clT ^€ lr c. Tt . t . . t ^ t a t a l
i/)

,j
:i U
€ c >..
t:€
' r - , - = s"
€ ,- atc-
1l:61:- '- c 5 at \c -
-cl-
\c \c F- c

O i

t- .a€c.ac:i-r-. €
'o lH 6 -, ca-,d.) -,r,---.ae.l ol
^l
cl
-€O--.ctC.t-€
al -ald)^l --e-61
EJ
r^ >, l-
- .l \C t-- -fc'-:fo\co, cl
l6 o Ol5-C\cl----an
- a4-,- --e-6.aol -l al al
rv' y' r l c lci cc.ldl at--,-6mci
,Y
'/) 3 lxj r t., t, I; r---tra:ccl -f
tY- -, t- .t , .r cl
- - -C-a ,l - , -- -,, -t .,, --: ,t --C-
^) t-
-a
l:*
lvl
-' F- af5f^lf--, .l 3--*?*€3:a
- -
') lr I al al at - ^l

l*
Q
a
-1'A€5.1
.: --r€at:ttf -!a'.
= (.) l6 I I
^t .l - -

r)
= r - r -. -.4:t ^l al-t\C--,-, 5\c .l 3. ,4) 7a .l 3 -
d- ra-t
aay
llil
r-l t <
a a - C.l

{n
,l

\O (>, l-\ -, t-- -, f--. c I f\ '/i i1' c.l .i rt

'>-- .l al -f -f .t 9 r a 3 - -'ni\5F-a=-t-n
v) cl rt r; \O t c\ r) ot c t.t -<-t.t^t *-,c)tai
h J-t
F
td f |rl - : 5ac\ F-
€
:rl r'r "i
:nl
t. "l
r,-,al-CC-Cl
-nOuatr)rn*
tij
^r--55
. r 'tc^ .; t] - t -
==3>/>i>>>
SrnF--,-r^,.tat
^l t,lr-,..---tr,-n!(l
jl 6n--*rr,- r r 1 T €-F-< ---f- C
l" o-n--t-4 -l r -lf-f-fora-,-f-:f
ol
--i

C) tul
z z ,./).a qqqv)qta,avttao
.I
l- tn
.a
\C
.l
r,alC
-^lra f-\Oalr)\c)arJr)O.a a<
otr)r]ot:t-Cr)Oca F
'il
-t" \O itr,I.-alF--m
V)
{
f i-C * 6 r) at C - \O *o\r)r).r:aaoolcoc.l
I - - .n-ol -Ol^l-OOn T .a Ol (\l V) - c
Ol C'l*al

=
'.I:.:
4 ; s
!
t c$.-;:*:aH=5 $ a* s i €c!s$i,;
o

6dt
U
g b !
gsA*6*EE* *f;r5s;esHsH#gEE; 3=*3$sf i 5E;t ;i i >l

()

5 r s
VXY
? ? $-3-3-E-H-d-*--HvE
L9

*q
oo
,.f
()(g

3.
q
UH
d(i

:.1 n bo=
r.l c\ ca oo -
a<
9d
*4)

66
fr t(!
ta s\ )
L

C-l tr) lal \n ciil

IO cn d] tr) q
ll '>- ta n ++ ca oi q
L
^ 4

t;-i Y
r\ l:<^ ?T
Z.)q!
tq tl '=Fio
l cJ ,".
ol
- .i; q
I
19 h., :
el l-c
t)*-
dr;i .=

cdl l> *v .€
el r<r ll ,cr ' l [r'-r.t:
co
U) (\ ol C.l R n< I lE gl f,a r
U) OI -i /- -i
l* U,iort!
0) .lt-1:E(*:

I
k
3t fi
-t X ;EEE
ta.

ll -7 . O E 5r ri - n
;l 6Ei7

I r- I iaETa
r\ - c! { F d #i H B q
o ta) tr) s co N ii* 6
al o Sr!13EE
- P ;v 9l :9 ? o 3 F l (J I
n Y.-.
ijo€tiivOl 4)

fr gE; E;I
A_LdOl
7
d
.tr
() ol co
a< c.)
H . T F U V

"l
ld

CJ -i
A
A
f; s ep:'!i co
o\
Pq 6 9 !]rrr-i o !

(Jv (r F

tsk9^ >.5
LU v ni
U)
hrr
=w
:e q 3;?€
E
c't -
I N
t'. E,*'i 3
z
* : Epae
0) c.l c! vl <f lol hiio6@ AJ

o\ oo F- ca lc.l N

truii \
Lr -. Ma E tr X
(n
H 5*#EE
U: trl
s H 8 F+
c -c
I
E
L ^ - .
9€:E E 4 e
q
}1
-> Y(H €.= -
v1
tfl t ; P € o h* d
.t
O-
$):
tr

t; ' Nr ;
(
E i n sE#
?(J:fidc

lI p c
l; ?;;::
.ir
t'r c
r
I \ t- " ^ J.to
E =
I
I IE '8
5 q9, E
E v)
lX r.5
II ll-,9n-n
{) tr> la F d a 6,8 =
II lg =
3 . v lI AoHr U- H
Y
"5 R cco U
l-i
{J

rv. I o o B> o c'l PFbg

r/") n (t
IHJ=E;AS
F.1t(!
v xlz
xo -IIF
I
ir I
5.r
-c'l
.r< lE F 3
>!
s g-E6 13

( ld€ *u: c)

?E
r I
iF< l e a . 6i ; I,q
^ - J
*a (tL V) (n Ff
IPE B " i lF c:! .v E -- )/

ti

Ii.
''',.'.,|
:.
:.:i-;ili::i
',
,l.l'. I
. :-tt::
:.t;":::

" "- :-lti:t:i

*Q
4+'
))

'lnr
TABLE Recomrhended
indoortemperature
and relativehumidity for summercooline
T.vpcof premise D r ' . b u l b t e n t p e r : r t Lrr' rCcI fiini'riffi
Olfices t5 ,i 5592
Cafetarias 2+() 55%
Au d i t o r i u m s l55 5t) q.
Co m p u t e rr o o ms ll.0 As needett
Departmentstores 26.5 55%
Supermarkets 25.5 55eZ
Factory 22 5,t:1,
Re s i d e n c e 25.5 55?

) @ ( an
) o of C o n s r r u c r n
i oC o d e
Roof Descriptioo C o d cl ! u m b c n o f L a y e n
.\o,
(xc Trhlc t)
I S r e eSl h c c ,. * i t hl J . m m i n s u l a n o n
2 l J - m m w o o dw i r h l J - m m i n s u l a r i o n
l l 0 O - m mL w . c o n c r c ( e
5 0 - m mh . w , c o n c r e (*ei r h l J . m m i n s u l a t i O n
5 l J - m m * ' o o d w i t h - 1 0 - m mi n s u r a i l o n

5 2 5 - m m* q q d w i r h 5 0 - m r ni n s u i a r l o n
o l J 0 - m mL q , .c o n c r ( t c
1 6 J - m m* o o d q . i r hl J - m m i n s u r a r r o n
8 1 0 0 - m ml . w . c o n c r e r e
9 1 0 0 - m mh . w , c o n c r e (w e i r h 2 J - m mi n s u l a r i o n
t0 6 J - m mw o o dr v i r h- ( 0 . m mi n s u l a r i O n
tl R o o f t e r r a c cs v s t e m
tl l J 0 . m mh . w , c o n c r c rqei r h l J - m mi n s u l a r i o n
rl IOC-mm w q e l * i t h 2 J - m mr n s u l a r i o n

A
\6

=9' ! rr 6
ss s er : g S, 39 S 3:
=6
?
) 5 $ $3 ? sn
U
g3 pi 3K XlFi Fl ee 3
9,; 2?, R SR T + 3
a F
J + ; ?F F
U
-, - - a! t= = :]l A
cr
,e, -- ar (n r& a
F
J i "/ t'J i
sa
U
-/) |
:l h f : 9: 9 3" R= I 39 ii
6
Lil
l J
U
€o C t ' 9- i ;.;a ;i of2=9Rin==223
zl < h -3 Cl

J! H: lI ol
,^ l :fr 9 ;lli I- ll =2 3
e
5 ca!l .q n FiF, X
I 6 =t -

trl s F; :l Sfi n3 ii == R
o l '^i
.i ;i ;r ^r
a
'l fi
!t cl n I -1 : f, :i
(Hl 19
FTI ^9 KX RF N R
r tna I 9 T
€d ll r
r,
-
6O
-al
i aj'.i Fr ct il .r Fl
al
3K XiFi R =9 e
sl I = .l
hh
dol cl -,3 3F R F3 R I K =xl 3i
6 ^, a a - e =a =
TI 6 o R il;i Fj
.=l F
:
a
at
CIO
6r,
r
6l 3; 3R R 8Xi FI ii ;4 -^r

=l g gF pl Rxl FiFi ;:i == 9

:v ll n r? .l
E; 33 K XR R ;
6 -m
()l ci
93 3 9= !
I r clt t
s s gKi ; Fi
bol a.i
6
6
or
to 6 ;Fi ;i-i o 'rN
-l
.=l gfi 3 fie el = 9: :
.rt * c^! o
= 3
EI e + ?E -i \ i-i ai .r cr cl

I !s 2
7 l
jil Fi ci
6j h
^r
-
^l
l?
<.1
t
T ; ;ii F R= :=
+ $ 66
1 1! o'
dl
S F F3 Xl 9l :s
C)l + 6
6
€-
--
cn :
+^t
I ci
r hf

+ "i
9E g
.bl -€
-€ - cl 6 c
? Fl FiI = 119 a9 ri
In t\ ::i -;
II e + 6 f'cl cl
.l'^ r €* 1 a? e!
- ll a
'E = ^ A i ^ - cl :- - tn C Oal 6 = -,
o = Xi -i.l
-l ", U U ^, - ^r.r 'c-l
F< ! '- 6 cr o- a oa xij 3 li
a '.b o9 o
J E -- d €_ *r ,^= s
a
E.r
U ? cl
I
& r ot o ?-
- c atal -

-- it r' to 6 =
O * - 6 6 1A
a fal q I cl
'r- n 't & aI 2 :!
(J r^ r€ 9 ! t
r^Q .rl t€ S
Z z @
t -- - -.r r
C) .= 6 -€ =
d Cr -t ao :-
A
,:!-1D * = .r 4cl
"/ c-. 6a
't
cr - o3 =l 9l !:
o ao I
€ ol
F a t ^ ..f €t
oo
0) &\^ T",4t--!l2=2f:I
|< l' l' iT 7 Cf €
-
'^ o! l! f !: I
-T m
T o et!
dr 9r o l-
tr i t' To
r iX 9f I l! =
_ -iol a-
l - -7. q)
ool ,^a !io
t' T
h'' = 9'! I
o € ol 6 !9
Cl -,
1 *l 1?
.a na 6
J \
oi != R9 = 9: I
o- rol t^ rg O a 6 = r'
N
.l on
T
- c o r o9a :i I 9 =9 =
^tA Ca s o'4 :
; o 6 hr ..1

EigEi: EEliaS 55:i

!
5 oL)
apn REa? el :5:il
;--€i
qagqi
=-js'3
A
q

r\ >= l:3 f::: 5b -

|3. S>
+ !s em$r HH
r

F i4z
3:.
?-t4
sOa a! + !€:fifre HE$;@ + g ? F i
, i = E i e t ?
:
o

,Z F = . , == , "E = Ee ErE i;5 ti ",iia '*i:t

(t)

Fl , j;2
EEn ie=g i'l
.i2
eE:g
yt2-
e?.i-3 Ei:;
:EiA;;?;
E; EEEE Et EiiF,
E1=z:;! EEa=
i= ii ei ";,i
l-r
C)

;e iz';ZiizT"iZ =:il=i
F.(
o
=1i=::gi , i;: :
EaE-i;;;:
^c

x=,-ilaa1llaiaz i !;i;
o.: c

:;i
31i2E zzZz€::;
E

ox
",;E o
()
HO
n Er 60 I =S :
H d 6d
h Qr €o = =9! 9
N 6t

ht
w

Fi

q n q co c.r n o o c N - oq 9 \ v1 v? -
V.) lr) o c, * c.!
\ \ ..1 n - 1 ? ! ! 1 I !
- _ i _ i _ _ r ^iI oir ,c.i ; i i 6 ? f T T i i ? o o o \ y T T o o o ? T T . I ? o *
,-i -i -i ri - r\

c.! c.! c9 T T ll y "c ? n i ol I c'l n 9 \q - oq n q'l

e oq cc n q n q \,q'a -'o rd o i It-' :!
t--"l., - - \o - c'' o
,J)
{) ; ; i Ti TY - ; t i i TT TTT " J TT lr

- - . - t - *c oo . = ' f , r * \ \ o o r
FrB n . . l ' , 1" . -9 q n no q
-
-:9T
- ? ? : I - + \oi? - i i 1 3Ti'r;
3 - c";J -i -i d + oi o
8g - . T T l ii
(4.
? T y T T T T T i T T T
a

\ q 1 q 9 n n q o l 9 ! - \ T l l l l a ? 9 \ i 9 : " C v ? v ? 9 qJ' 1 1 c J \ q Q v ?-ja * * o * * o't* o -i

a-1 '!=
q6 ; ; a .i T .f T : J -i i' T T .i oi i i i T ? T T I
".i
U)

q)
sr>
a(n
srB \qEEsE;$q;;Ei;;;\q;EEE;
s3q;TTE33E;q
/
-1 vt vt vt .1 9 9 \q - n ! ! -1': -1 u? ! ! ! i v? n q q n n ol r Q Q Q
rrr F -i -i !'l ll ! 9 o o =1' - o o c T l'
(1.
r ? ? ? Tr T t i : T r ii ii t ? ? ? ? T T T ? ?
fi
d
N
co
-, 9''J q!'1 -9q-qv?
rlrB
zHz> rol eqqnF:9,1
--ivl
dT ? ?J-
?qT.l
T i T
! ? ! : =oT
"1
TT T ? oo YY I T -ioo
\' f i+ ii i l- i io li
A

tr co
A

nt cr] 9 vt -: .l I 1 T \ a'! q !-J *e 1'1 \q q i 9 v? q oq q n v? a

o-
F

\ oi -i v.t \? - - 4

o
r!B
zz. ;i ii i J ;,.i\ \ N i i i i, nn i Ti T1
-: ci Ti T To T 1 T l' ? r

0) s)
!

\
oe oq q q .1 n 1
HB q \ - q q oq q q \ c.l a -1 \ i ! I \ u? ? 9 I 1 ! \ ol n a 9
L<
,l zz c . ci . i Ti-ii*..i TTii T?*-TTTlio* Ir)
r\ ZZ TT-i--;diiiTroi
0<
h
v)

€ t'l \q a v? 9': (.l v?

oq q cl cl 9 9 n q !
"i r r o o
\o \o \o \o t-'- \n'\o c] 9 9 9':
T T -i r u. \ l "? I \
o'1T "?
;;; i il,l.i; \ i i i,;; i i T ti r r .1r

.t
U)
o

h
t gg$Eggru,
ggg,
ai $ Ai$ i $ Ai$ ! i
A
f,gE $gf,$' r

C)
-+ c.l
c! cf}
I

Ft
i{*
_
{r

|3 ltf
Table,' W a l l C o n s t r u c t i o nG r o u p D e s c r i p t i o n
of l,aycrs
Cortc.Nri'iirlrcrs
lvlass U-Valuc Group
l ) c s c r i p t i o no f C o n s ( r r r c ( i o n
(sce:falilc ll)
ml (W/nt'1.oC) No.
, .!,
, ,:t .t,.

405 2.011 1 0 1 . 6 - m mF a c eB r i c k + ( B r i c k )
C A i r S p a c c * 1 0 1 . 6 - n r r nF a c e l l r i c k n 0 , n 2 , l l l ; / \ 2 ;E 0
405 2-033
2.156 D l 0 l . ( > n r n r C o n r n r o nI l r i c k 40, l\2, C4,rEl:fE0
439 EIi.rEo
C 2 5 . 4 - r n n rl n s t r l a t i o no r A i r S ; r a c e* Ao; A2, c+;,!iil"/iD2,
439 0.987-1.709
1 0 1 . 6 - n r r nC o r n n t o n I J r i c k
0.630 B 5 0 . 8 - m r nl n s u l a t i o n+ 1 0 1 . 6 - n l nCr o n r n r c n[ J r i c k n 0 , A 2 , U 3 ,C 4 ,E I , E 0 .
430
1.714 I] 2 0 3 . 2 - m n rC o n r n r o n I - ] r i c k A 0 , A 2 , C 9 ,E l , E 0
63s
0.874-1.379 A l n s u l a t i o n o r A i r S p a c c * 2 0 3 . 2 - n r n rC o r . n t n o nb r i - c k A 0 , A 2 , C 9 ,I l l 1 1 1 2E, l , E 0
635
1 0 1 . 6 - n r r iFr a c e I l r i c k + ( l 1 . r y . C o n c r e t e )
459 1.987 C A i r S p a c c * 5 0 . 8 - n r r tC t oncrcte A 0 ,A 2 , B l , C 5 ,E l , E 0
414 0.658 I]50.8.nrnr|rrsu|atiorr+l0l'6-rnrrrConcrete A 0 , A 2 , U 3 ,C 5 ,E l , E 0 '
698-928 0.625-0.616 A A i r S p a c eo r l n s u l a t i o r r* 2 0 1 ' 2 - t t t n to r l l l o r e i
Concrctc A 0 ,A 2 , I l l , c l 0 / l l , E l ; ' 8 0
1 0 1 . 6 - n r r rFr a c e l J r i c k + \ L . 1 1 ; .o r I ! . W . C o n c r e t eB l o c k ) ':
l . 8 lI E 1 0 1 . 6 - n rBml o c k A 0 , A 2 , C 2 ,E l , E 0 i
303
0.868-1.39? D A i r S p a co e r l n s u l a t i o *l r 1 0 1 . 6 - n tInl lto c k A 0 , 4 2 , C 2 ,I l l l 8 2 , E l , E 0
303
1.555 D 203.2-nrnr lllock A 0 , A 2 , C 7 ,A 6 , E 0 : '
342
1.255-1.561 C A i r S p a c e o r 2 5 . 4 - n Ir rnrrs t r l a t i o+n 1 5 24 - n r n i A 0 ,A 2 , B l , c 7 l c 8 , E l , E 0
35(t'434
or 203.2-rnnr lllock I
0.545-0.607 ll 50.8-nrnt Insulationf 203.2-nrm lllock , A 0 , 4 2 , I l 3 ,C 7 l c 8 , E l , E 0
434
101.6-nrrn FaceIlrick + (CIay Tile)
2.t63 D 1 0 1 . 5 - mT ni l e A 0 , A 2 ,C l , E l , E 0
347
t.595 D A i r S p a c e* 1 0 1 . 6 - n rTnirl e A 0 ,A 2 ,C l , l l l , E l , E 0
347
0.959 C l n s u l a t i o+n 1 0 1 . 6 - n rTnirl e A 0 , A 2 , C l , 8 2 ;E l , E 0 ,
347
1.561 C 203.2-nrnr'l'ile A 0 , A 2 , C 6 ,E l , E 0
469
0.806-1.255 B A i r S p a c oe r 2 5 . 4 - n r rI n s u l a t i o*n A 0 , A 2 , C 6 ,I l l l 8 2 , E l , E 0
469
203.2-mnr Tile ..1
i. ,
474 0 . 5 5I A 50.8-nrnr Insulation+ 203.2-rnnt f-ilc I il
: . l ,
A 0 ,A 2 ,8 3 ,C 6 ;E l , E 0i '' '
t ]t
H . W. ConcreteWall + ( Firttslt) irl 'i
ll
3.321 E 1 0 1 . 6 - r nCr no n c rtee A 0 ,A r , c 5 , E l , E 0
308
0.675-l.l16 D 1 0 1 . 6 - n rCnor n c r c t e * 2 5 . 4 - n t t r l A 0 , A l , c 5 , i ] 2 / u 3 ,E l , E 0
308
or 50.8-nrnr Insulatiott
0.675 50.8-mm I n s u l a t i o*n 1 0 1 . 6 - r nCn or t l c r e t e n 0 , A l , 1 1 6C, 5 ,E l , E 0
308 A0,Al,cl0,El,E0
532 2.782 203.2-mnr Concrete
u 203.2-nrnr Concrete* 25.4-ntm A 0 ,A l , c l 0 , 8 5 1 1 1E 6 ,I , E 0
537 0 . 6 5 3l-. 0 6 1
o r 5 0 . 8 - m nI n r sulation ,,',iri"rlirh}ir r,:r
0.653 50,8-mmInsulation+ 2C)3.2-nlm Concrete A 0 , A l , t ] 3 , , 9 . l g q i PEl0,
537
2.190 B 304.8-mC mo n c r e t e n 0 ,A l , C l t " . E l ; E 0
762
Q.642 1 0 4 . 8 - mC mo n c r tee + l n s u l a t i o n A0, Cl l',186;:A6j':E0 :
162 , . : . l i . r : , ' \ " 'j
L . W andH.W. ConcretcBlock1-( I:inishl , , i r ' l : l l ir :
F 1 0 1 . 6 - n rlm ] l o c k+ A i r S p a c e / l n s u l a t i o n A 0 ,A t , c 2 . , t l l , / B 2E, l , E 0
142 0 . 9 1 4l-. 4 9 1
E 5 0 . 8 - m rlnn s u l a t i o *n 1 0 1 . 6 - m lrlnl o c k A 0 ,A l , u 3 ,c 2 l c 3 , E l , E 0
142-t8l 0.596-0.647
t.669-2.282 E 203.2-mm Lllock A 0 ,A l , c7lc8,El, E0 ,,
229-249
D 203.2-mmUlock+ Air Space/lnsulatiott A 0 ,A t , c 7 l c 8 , B l / 1 1 2E , l, E0'
200-278 0.846-0982
ClayTile+(Finislt)
r90 2.379 F 1 0 1 . 6 - mTmi l e A 0 ,A l , c l , E l , E 0 '
190 t.720 F t01.6-nrT mi l e + A i r S p a c c A0,Al,cl,Bl,El,E0
E 1 0 1 . 6 - m r n T i+l e2 5 . 4 - r n nI nr s t t l a t i o n A0, A l ; C l , 8 2 ' E l ' E 0 ,
r90 0.993
l9s 0.625 D 50.8-mm I n s u l a t i o*n 1 0 1 . 6 - r nTr n ilc A 0 ,A l , B l , c l , E l , E 0 ,
308 r.681 D 203.2-mm Tile A 0 ; A l , C 6 ,B l / B 2 r E l ' E i
308 0.857-1.312 C 203.2-mmlfile + Air Space/25.4-mm Insulation AoiAl, c6, Bl/82, El;:E0
308 0.s62 ts 50-8-mm Insulation* 203.2-nrrn Tile l A 0 , A l , 8 3 , C 6 ,E l , E 0 ,
I
MetalCurtainWall
24-29 0.516-1.306 C W i t h / w i t h o uat i r S p a c e* 2 5 . 4 - n r m / 5 0 . 8 - n r m ' A O ,A 3 , 8 5 1 8 6 / 8 I 2 A
, J, EO
76.2-mm lnsulation :'
F r a m eW a l l
0.459-r.010 C 2 5 . 4 - m mt o 7 6 . 2 - n r m lnsulation A 0 ,A l , B l , B 2 l 8 3 / 8 4E
, l, E0
\b

tr Cool Load froni Sunlit Walls

Table Cool Load Te mperatureDifferencesfor Calcula
ll of
Mrrl- Mini. Mrrl' Dlfltr'
mum mum mum ancc
Sohr Tim?, h
0|0o01000J000400050o0o000.J0E00090ol000|l00|l00l]00l100|500l60ol?00ls00l9001
Norlh l,itltudc
lA'.ll Frcint C.ouP A 14'lls
? 1 1 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 7't't 8 8 2 68
N 8 8 8
8 9 9 9 9 t0 l0 l0 ll ll ll ll ll ll tt E ll
NI: il il lo l0 l0 9 9 9 8 8
l0 ll ll '12 12 ll ll ll l{ 14 14 14 11 14 72 l0 l{
E 14 ll ll ll 12 12 ll ll l0 l0
l0 t0 l0 lt tl 12 12 lJ 13 t-r lJ ll ll ll 22 t0 ll
SE D lJ ll 12 12 ll ll l0 l0 l0
8 I 8 8 8 8 9 9 l0 l0 ll ll ll ll 2t 8 ll
S il il ll lt l0 l0 9 9 9 8
9 l0 l0 l0 ll 12 l.! ll 14 14 14 9 14
sw f1 f4 t4 t4 ll ll t2 12 tl ll l0 l0 l0 9
ll 12 ll 14 14 15 I t0 15
15 15 15 14 14 14 ll 13 l2 12 ll ll l0 l0 l0 t0 l0 ll
9 9 8 8 I 8 I 8 8 9 9 l0 ll ll ll I 8 12
NW t2 tt il il ll ll l0 l0 l0

C r o u pB w . l l s tt
5 J5 55J66r18888824 3
5
N
NE
888?1666
ilf0t099811 1
'| 8E g 9 l0 l0 lt ll ll 12 12 12 ll Il 2l 1 12 5
t0 t2 l1 ll 14 11 lJ l5 15 lJ 15 14 14 20 8 t5 7
E ll ll 12 ll l0 l0 9 E 8 9 9
E 8 fo il 12 13 lJ 14 l{ 14 14 14 14 14 2l 8 t4 6
sl: D t2 t2 lt l0 l0 9 8 8
6 6 1 8 9 l0 tl ll 12 12 12 t2 12 2t 6 126
5 12 il ll I0 9 9 8 7 7 6 't
8 7 8 9 l0 ll ll 14 lJ 15 16 16 24 1 t6 9
sw tJ t5 14 lJ 13 12 ll l0 9 9
8 8 8 8 9 ll 12 14 15 16 16 17 X4 E t7 9
16 16 15 14 14 ll 12 ll l0 9 9
1 1 6 6 1 1 8 8 9 lt 12 ll ll 13 2! 6 r! 7
13 12 12 ll ll l0 9 9 8

G r o u pC w r l l s
4 4 t 5 6 6 t 8 9 9 9 l0 9 9 22 1106
N 9817 5J 1
8 t0 to ll 12 l2 12 ll 13 13 lJ 12 l2 ll 20 6 ll
NE r01098 66
ll tl 14 15 16 16 17 l? 1 6l 1 6 16 15 14 ll 18 1t110
|]t2ill0 87
9 l0 t2 t4 l5 16 16 16 t6: 16 16 lJ 14 13 19 i.6 t6 l0
SE D t2 lt l0 8?
9 ll 12 ll lJi 14 14 14 13 12.20. 11 9
s t2ilt09 16 5 J 6 8
l4 16i 18 18 18 l8 17 .2?
, I
,"6 rt 12
sw 16 f5 t4 t2 ll t09 6 6 6 1 8 lO 12 ti.1i
7 1 | | 8 9 ll ll 15 18 19 20 19 18' 22 20 tl
t7 16 t5 14 ill0 j , s l to
98 5 5 6 6 6 1 9 l0 12 11 15 t5 l5 lJ"'22^ : 15
NW t4 |] t: ll t0

C.oop l) tl'rlls
I 4 4 5 6 6 ? 8 9 l0 ll ll l0 l0 9 2l l ll 8
N 87765 l
14 l0
4 8 lt 0 ti l 12 ll ll ll l1' .11 14 l { ,. l l l l t3 12 ll l q , , l lg9' .: ': ., ,: ' l l
NE 98165
to |] 15 l? 18 18 18 18 18 17 l? 16 l5 13 12,,16 ' ,,5i l9t ll
E il'0876 5
'
7 fr 0A tt 2
) lt 4^ t 66
1 lt ? r t8
1 n8
1 t R8
1 t177 1 7 t 66
1 15 14 12' l1 5 18 tl
SI: lr r0 I 1 6 5
I 4 5 1 9 ll ll lJ t6 16 t6 t5 14 ll 12 19 16 tl
J il t0 8 ? 6 't
4 4 5 5 g 12 t5 18 20J 21 21 20 19 17 2l 2l 11
SW t5 14 t2 l0 9 6
't
5 5 5 6 6 8 l0 ll t1 70,22 23 22 2t 19 2l 2t t8
17 t5 ll t2 l0 'l
4 4 4 5 6 8 l0 12 15: 11 18 17 16 15 22 l8 14
NW t4 12 lt 9 8 6

C.ouPEtl'rtls i,{
2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 lo t0 ll il2l 12 tl l0 9 8 20 t2' r0
N 7
5 8 il lJ 14 14 l4 14 14 15 14 l{l ll 12 ll 9 8 16 t5 , t!
2t ' t6
NE 7
6 l0 l1J 5 r1o8 20 2l 21 20 19 18 l8 17r l5 l{ 12 ll 9 l3
E 8
t0 14 t7 19 20 20 20 19 18 l? 16 14 ll ll l0 15 20 i .17
SE 6
18 19 18 li 16 14 ll ll l0 l? 19 17
s 8 2 3 5 7 l0 14 16
19 l? 14 19 25'22
sw t2 t0 I 4 5 1 t0 l,t lE 21 24 25 24 22
4 4 J 6 I ll 15 20 24 71 27 25 22 19 16 20 21 24
t4 12 t0
NW lt 9 8 I 4 5 6 1 9 ll 14 18 2l:2t 20 18 l, 13 20 2l tE

C.ouoF$'ills .i i
t 4 5 6 8 9 tl 12 12 ll ,1lJi ll ll 9 619 l] t2
N 4
ll 16 l? 16 16 15 15 15 l5 14 iill i t2 l0 9 6 tl t7 t6
NE "t
16 2f 24 25 24 22 20 19 18 t7 ll5' ll ll l0 12 23 24
E
f0 t5 20 21 24 23 22 20 19 17 16 14 12 l0 1t3 24 2r
SE 4
2 4 ? ll lJ 19 21 22 2l 19 .17 l5 12 I0 7 t6
sw 6 2 J 4 6 r0 14 20 24 28 30 i?9 25 20 16 I l0 t8 l0 29
'l
2 3 4 6 8 ll 16 22 2'l l1 3l l0 24 19 | 12 t9 31 3l
2 J 4 6 7 9 12 15 19 21 26 24 20 16 | t0 19 16 25
6

CrougG Wrlls
N I 00 | 4 J 5 7 8 l0 12 tl ll 14 14 15 12; 8 5 lE 0 15 15
NE I 00 J 15 20 22 20 16 15 lJ 15 15 15 14 12 l0r 8 5 902222
c I 00 6 t1 26 30 31 28 22 19 17 l? 16 15 ll tll 8 5 l003lll
o 3 f0 t8 24 21 28 21 2! 20 l8 16 l5 l.l llr 8 6 4 fr 0 18 28
SE I 0, 't
S I 00 0 t 12 t't 22 25 26 24 2l l't 14 ll: 8 5 4 1402626
l1 2t 28 ll t5 l,t 29 20, n l0 1 6 16 0 lJ l5
sw a l0 0 3 4 6 9
l I I 5 6 8 l0 15 21 31 3't 40 J1 21 16 ll 8 6 1714039
NW 2 l0 0 ) 4 6 8 l0 12 15 20 76 ll ll 2l 14 l0 1 5 t8 0 lt tl'

F'
<E-
\9

co t.) ql \o'9 - v^r o\ c\ co \c'r) c' o \o $ \.;

o s
q n v? i
c d + Q O o Q r
ii. oq :'r; c N c' flcc I-
o. 9+ 9i nq ?9 c'r \ - q n q 1 q q q oe n
v)
v) \ q - to * - <i' o o o - * N cn .r, \o
cl F- ca d c> o - ; - J- ; ej +,r; .:
* c n r o Ic i =9: f n ** fr
\f,o-# -d- "j
a! c.l

-f, tr-' o cf; c co \c < - cJ cc to -f,

c'l -:t
o\ t-- \o c) f-- o\ * ro o t-- c') Q |: 3 o
F 6
?9 ? I
dr i., Fr qr .o =r ;-; - - c\
r-''c'n c \c cc
F 6 ;" F- q n v-1
a
F.
y! gl N I
y y y --: i'! i Ir; 99 -1 i
P n n q
- : : . . : O?O O - * o * - . i O O O!' . - ( . I N c a O OTO O1O O: O --< :
q'1 = : I q n r:
tJ)
a)
;AA
uvvvvvv

li
C)
Lr
(.)
U)
0) l.r
# r+ + - =f, sf $ $ {'{- <f,'f i'<l w
C) + o -i- =t :t:f
c.t c.t tr- () :t * v-"r' vr..
o\.N It "f,
q n e q q q - * T
Q "q * * * * *".' v v v=J r :v u v= = = : = 3 : 3
o i o i o i c ' i i < - u u e=
qi A.
dQ
d. OcOC-O-iOclOOiOoi
tr k
()

d. i '< d + * # - * # d s '-
* c'lN N co ca ca c' ca :
O oo C.l O\ O q N O a i
.. ca cao'o'doi o'oi q -- ao\o\ c\ c' o' o\oa c\ 3\
trr oco c.t v Q
ts a #6\o-j
H(\f-d
c.l-
-(\
tn\n\n\nrn
d

.CJ j4

U)
RH - F'i
- F
nxRs: R8 $ $ s$$ K 5 cc ! ! ! S
d c d cT!
- - o !- >!T c cA!
o c c !!
fa

-v SgRegE+9E33553- -; J J o ooo i i
Lr
0)
cjo J + ii o r i i i oid; o ; ad -di
d s
-)
a
2 Lr) N
q)
17-1- \o tQ - Tt .- rn O <r oo c'l n o ol c
(1 C) rn o c'l co o
*
cn o
*="i\i
o
;Foi ,'lii Q
- = . ' . ,=- - =:ol : s) P *c\r c'sr\ot--'
(4.
c.r=
-
CJ

fi

C)
0)
li
o
l<
0)0)
c)C)
d
a''l
f'1

14
-
fr n
o
't l gEsEEEE
or
E;E€EsEEEEEeE
'Ei*--.d.i4
-Eoddd
\,\
-ESf .""""8 B rE EEzi:E
E.E€€€:i
5::€ 1)= E E*i====i
-
EH"EggEr ; E???dI I EF3 eEiezz'?tt?tt?
.t
lr 'AE-= E; : ; ; Eiifi
- * ; E; E; ; 7'77ieE
EEziTp. E'7-.2: a =eu
r--,
u
"
E E tr F= EL
! F F tr = F

e P P = 11r ; * stI R n$ 3 R
U)
= O.:) = cO
,/ 0)
5 sE# I Of; = i Kfi pRaKei
Li
crP O * C'l ca =r n \O t-* cO O\ O * Ctl cn =f
* 'n \q * $l cA a{-tn i- @O\ * + -:i * + - 4 c''l c.l C! C"l c.l
C C'l ca sl F: 9
r\ .l <<d

s
 q qF Enf s KI'j s NF8 F >
U)
E 3 X E 6EEEE€ :t En! E d r\
r- * : r6 F K SAn : e XEfr S f 3 : 3'j
U) o

z e BN
iil] ::Fi+ro*c.l E i d $
d cr 6l

,d
,a
H: ? r€ Kr?q q E3R! ESEFEqD g Rn :rEeEE*
:: :: ::'l r ; 5 5 E o -
tt

r) ./)
() i=:-: = :=:: = l;=33
a L
(.)
()
=f q :t S S g
$ <f, <f .f, \f, <f A -r'f <f { -t :f :l <'
Lr
S $ 8 S E E 8 S
db db ob ob cb oo ob # ob co.o.q oq og * oo oo co *i i * T
o T
o io =
o =
o
Y
r :- i )o c
ll
'Jl
:: ;;;
uvvvvvv
; -: : ; ; d;3 3 A o -
O
!
() (J
o

- - c'! c? "? ci (f) ; - 99 o\ S F- O - e't -'1 c -

jl

F
.ya4.
d - d
o.o,o\r€5sHr€xsNlxxe€sK$39
-
-
or I- N ci q i -
€n:
d
T ,}4

U'
() -ijl NNNot -
B J4
q)

rt
F s$$F;!F;ssEF66;FFssEEqaEFgAgS
- - !e r. i E3;
0)

U' *Y
-:-i-r
UVv
? Llir I"! o*OO-O--
" ::=: ::: =:3! q)

ll
U)
o

n c! '.' o ? e e= ? =33S8 8 8 o 3 I =o9

qi bo
o o6 3383
-'-j = #
S88
N N N c oc .
x
a
t-<
3 =
= = = = R Fi:< X K ts
c)
4)
()
€
d
aa^ t
tl

v Jt Ag
;a8 *E
0()
()
g= gE E€EA r)
o €*;€s
-'i
o
%
Eg .E 3s g.q
,t)

gE H
sH .eH HBf Ettfr#lrc"i3 B q)

k
0)
:3
;3 E8
E3
EIEbEep!aqF
33si-;EaxiFUqE E H
E
>,

3:t: 3;t=E:F"5 5 u uE u-E l>

k

; t " i i "n . t 6 ' E 6 o E o F " t s " : - E E = t r ; * oE 4",€ lo

q t U d f o 0 " ' 0 A ; i B . g o . 1 o . gg: ggl oX A ,h. HH F g

E c)
il= F tsu.919I g:9:'l n4
k
o ;E
; 3E;*
' E E l ' Eil:
* ' 5 E'e
1>Err ! i;p X lv

l6n
(-)

EEgSE
EEEFFE EIgiliFFSE'iFE€gg; ;i
t4
t4
llr
la) F i.:

- ' - aiFl 1
'e . ;1ot - -, l-diA. cA A! t r F .<tr ^^^a:ZEZ,9'c<.l t€
c- r,EEvvz== A Ftr E = E E E s E E E E E FE=n
': ts tr€ PE ll
-'J';
Hiil<!FFF!!
H ri k t< H
li - E E E=; v
ii:EESeEFRRFRH;EgERRRHHsas=8i
ct) o
q) .t)
.t
COO\-1 -Frd*
k
-tL o
(r) c
Fr >'
F{
B;o
'5d )<
0)x \1.1\9F- O-rC\icn-f,tf)\Ot--COO\O - - - c! to €
$ i d * * d N o N :rl c)
c.1 ca -? v1 \o f-- co o\ trl
co co m u u u u u u u u u c-ru u u a a u o u c-tU tr El rrl sl El
6...l c.l N * :1 11'-
ll cd

{>

-._-,._:_..-...._i_
:.: L
alb
<€--
 1\

'Fi

.eg o.\ c\l c.l c60<-o A

rY
\,
HTg
,;.
ttl ttv?qqtt t'- oo \n c.) cO I C.l

a
(.) q

H>
* 9 i> r)o\
:;YV ttlttl ttl I qoq | | |
a< - v -

bo
</) o-
C)

U) a !'l
() .-. F co .. rrl ;
,^ O o' o, N H n o\ o\ $ co r-- \n@
l-r \V .cj
o X
" F-"d;ci I
r.1 I o. o ,i io.d rollo. loi
v; N c.l N cn f \t |.) ca N c.t r d o\
co cn co
.t "+
oo
€ . ,.)
c.r )4
5 9?^ -m
U) tttttl qv?
ttl I r | |
6 S -5
u>
bo
.,1 a-l c.l c-
g>. M
m€hr)ca._^Ot--coN
-cacoc'tcaYYc.l.a\f, rf,tntr)\Ov')?co
;U ;s \3 E ooid.jR :c.t
li i d o o -i.i^ .{
r
d uF
OO d
F

O +
'i--
ae O v) (r- ca ()
(H \oo<rcoc.r*.f T c.r cl T I ll?? 3
;-- oo *orc'lolc.c.r ci c. ll?f,1r.
+ o\ d, dXi ; ; C-l O ca rd
U) dr c\l c.t \O
o) C'l <f
a
ta oo
A
o
l-i
d

q)
d.
t'''!
\
oi o. N

6)
a'!
\
t\
(.) .,o ,. 5. r{r
E hEX
Lxqu^
{
a2!!h
ta L q a r c t Q I i
}l
(d-:oo
p 6
e € * E ' '5
tt- t E
()
? t; B H €g zF EEEe
'l e?ts.Ear
5^ b O E+.-

t:E ; E €iEi?
i
^a ,F

q) )
o.rdi
cc .q'-q
J
r! g] = €
o g3E$9.$ "E; 3* P
; 3*i e a
a
k
F .=.E d
F<
o
E^ a:a:€i* E 2 = =* onq+:**
t-.i.'+ ci.'a ci E a H = * f,i!*
a* s; fi "3
(.)
= E = = 4 r .! - i,
E-{
* E * = q *o T #
* =_{E ! g I ; 'E
j ' AE E 3 E E € I F s i"
. c B .E
; .., a. o li E " ,.A.A; E E E E -o
a
q)
0,)

*H*HiHigi 5s g3.E g
EE= u3 <d <i= <i: < <d bF; FE (.)
s# 3 5 E f g H3
C'

x ieief
o o d d 3 == = t E6iu

et
*

=i

.9M $ <f <- .1' <l' rf,

'iEoo oo O\
09n09 .Q
6 9r4 -i -i
i n OOC
r I I noq
*O
| | I I \J

,t)
/-: '54

r) d)> v.)
a7
.,1) *ra> tttl
\f
qno?cl
r) F-- cO c.]
I I I lttl
@tr)
I q-:
olO\f-.
.?na r
O\-ca
O
- :;YM +cacarr) -:
- v d
o]
o-
O

bo
U) vl\n9
0) ta-t9 cor+OV)
o ^F iN
c..t ot T
:\o
* @C- co c\l ol c.l O\ !'|r) O\
I
lt..,i.l tttl l-cvi ttll I | | r I t96l r I rg
I
U)
>M co r) o\ t-- \f+ .+
-r
.;-;lo. d-id6
c.lc!"d \t co c\l a-l

iv
-O !.oo t-N* oc-F-
F
tt.tl ttrl rttl tvre- r..ioi I lc"; -i c.i I
S H:E tr-cO -** \Orl.)$
Os
UF
ct)

'13 \orac.lo
'.l\
=${r)\O ol\r$ca
g>. 14 co ca N C{i tf,

bo ,\O\o t_-rrrtt(\l@rtrN
tlll lttl Ittt
t4. :;5E Or Or V-r N cq c.l al @
o'E cocitlr) a'l co $ c')
UB

4 --o3 c . r c . ^r r o . r -3-
!qI; T'?T,T iT+ $c.l
rlll
O'C- g | | XF r X 3"9"9 r X
No\o\o';a
C)
r;b 5s€E :::: s:€ <*\O\l)
aldr)v-)

CJ

li
KHts-tsFFF

nO\ r-\OO\ r-\OO\

k a C\* C\ltd C{*-
A
'5
-
5
L.
o
e
E
;?
C)
tq
E * 4t !€
(U-d
N uo do=
'q
9a ^^
kk
_1J 3F,"
jtsoo.lH:
E t
^()
=
tr
bo- t
6dtrc
tr tr bo?
tr:q: 7 ,# F pFpS Ee
{ q c, _ ory-o
r-l 9, $, - bO
t-.OoOoO^;\,-Otr
r-'1
F, .i o Fi H I ri c * < EH
g . . :. . X s ^" 6e 9e .s e .g. o. .
6 6o *: o 99
.: 9 c . o . r c . l : 9' ' , ' 9 F . : =
2 'o 9* I l ts= x>'
5 o"1c
qFC
v l v
n F- o\ X
Lcr\-*li
r: ii-
r X-'
!OC)
$vr
u*H
:, r F,"F'E5iS*
= g : 1 : r ^; ' : ' . r . 3 il I $ D'$;
g g ' Q 1 1*, b oo ob o =
F.( A 5 (€ cJ \r O = 9?E z E <s d s s -
\!=dn ^r:; 6 o">
=,, x E;; ixci= + F L V A . ; "'u:ig"etS3
u ;
il".ir u o o o o c=
\ q = - L ! L L i L : 1
\ . _ 1_ U
q g ^ -
4;- Z - ! ! r EC i ;tir : 9= 9 b: OEb O o O P
!(: A d E t r-;i
6 q c _7i . - r ' . - r -' l
O X ,, !d o< O. Or O,9s O..Y H
>'E i- 3 3 3 3;
xP t.i t ' Fh E r r e e - g € e -oE
,a
P i3=
AAHO-
€ 4 gu>ut
bl6>'
& F 1 F . l F . l&

ifl & E. E 6.dFOO orU O

ft
1/

'Fi

.9 14 -
k
' 5 ( g-.;'b o '+ .+ \t N$;- r:
rt@@tt@t | -. | : r r I
CJ U)Z r)c\
-. .C v
rr
a:
-ci .t4 ii
-
C)
H}
(/) +
. ; {; Y
TVa > +-N-,4+
-ola.lcocov
CJ tlllllllllll rrtttl
* v t d
- v F

o-
6)
o
bo
U) o o\(\lcoo\o-.tNoloo al r) la, C- O\ ra 'r \O
q) \o\o-ocool\o.ooo if ca
OJ .:. F :n!ctl ai
I i o , j- cl . i ,'; 6r-"<j..; qio' o d o ,c ' ) Cl+-*+O
I >\l | | | | I I | | nF:; | | ttttll trttll
t.) ol\oco<o\ol
U) O\
nG! og\an(.l-iq
tr- tt-- i-- O\ N O c'l t- O, - O
q
O\
9
*
-:!qqrr
' ;-1 N'{'l--o\dd o o cO.N C'l a:l - *

C)

-
.,--)
oo OM
5 9i^ a)*r)t--\otr-
'1-:\?nq
- H V F tttlllllllll tltttl
: ('vtr Fr)cOcnalC.l
(JB
v)
F.

rt
. ,.} aOlV-)O\O\OCi)c.l\O O @ \ocac'l<)NO
54 u1 rnootnc-.1 <--ol ci @
g>, -j-iioiooii..oS
" l v l 9 T q^ n- - .
oo -1-:;- oi c . ;S
t-
r
Eo i ' : E | | | | I |
c.r O\ .a \O c., .a -.
| I
O' C
|
Cj i :
|
r.,
|
-:r
-t i
tltrll
c\l 6@ococc
iilill
u
U
F-F-rr)c-,alt--.<oal
;^i;^;^;;^'
nn1vt9\

d
\c)
'il3=;+;ii5i;-
C)1! e : : - o \o'J ci co \o Yf cq
x
;.i
Jg
;.i :,
aOtfO\Oc\ICO
al -.t \o t-- o\ o
**c'l
rrlitl
() oo
(lr

a
C)

tr
q)
rFtsFtsts

H lootcl-,-fn
r-cr)cr)o
idal alc?)

r< 15
i
{.)
H
d

EO
X:
D1)
bo?
co b0
--3r' o4)
U6F !r
bo oo
=qu bo bo
11 o>
(n-o_: 0)()
1'Uq
-orO{_)
i :-: i: ts
X ob'19
rd 9r.*:
J F
41
bO-:
OI) (d 14
"
(.)
r:l
!'-- o 0JaA) B^AA^
=
o - ' r o {i J: : )13 >a e ** o o o 4)
a
-, S O fJ€ .Ea =aJoOJ,D0,){)
r5
3 ,A Y bO() o--' <d
oggE't E
Cl r tr iitJ X ,< 15
qqqq
!'o
z: s:
,.
i- E X; - c O O i1-tE:^
O+-
*.)o{)OO()
'I:oooooo
q)
-;j h
J
b
C,C
- rO s @ -d e -'J-
-<9,Hk:
vvvvv
Oj4
q() ;\* d c.l al N ca
<RHbO !
l:i
a
,:
\]
-Y
l,
.r
FJ
0) GO
v) u) v)
-vk
:.m o

&
qg=
j\

.3

oV @
n
'6 E o{,
c'l c'r rOOr llll U
U'X
llll 9 t tn tllll l l

c)

U)
".
t
)l

(f\ a'i l'- C' C

l-* ii' N- faF\\O :l-
i-) c.l { cl
c.l
-l -i co \o F- ^+..-l^;r)5al
-ir-i., -;,-iYcot-\o -i
;-^
*:
(A X^t-
'-^
r -' -i-,ci! YYnrr=f 1
I' ^ r ) u I (.t lt:,
0) XYV
. I . 1- . r ' c)
|
;
a
I.:
Oa<f
^r ^^A g-o;f;,Aidcj 5:-
Ft--,c ca \o
C OdO O
d oi Oi
6)
-.
bo
a
C)
0
I lllll rllllllll
lllr tlll
I >t4
U) v;
c

F rnct\
i+ v-) vo -cava
co '^ ii l qd r -
bo i, Y cq
r' oi li
c.r
r.r
;-ttt '<o- 9
c
19
+'in i't o < ' t O
r: o? a
;\Otr-;--C\r)r)
T;;o'l'f
o-*ooo.--i-*
T--'r\o
^l 9o
; trv c - COV^l*r(\l
o;'-i
-clq{ - ; -ii'i .ro
nca (f)

UB
a

g
9>. tllllllll
b0 - -*{ tr llll tlll lllll

?'t
3!-:
U
-

X.^
d. illll rlillllll
llll tlll
o":

qi

.t)
"tt
:i-E :: E i,;j i:,i
()
()
fi

l-.

d.

H
c,)
EiE.iqE;;" si:;I s; i,;; 0)

:cxi
H;fr Eil.li: siiEEz;:t
8EtE$q
O*
x6
Q /

11
)*, :BlisE =!;;l3EE;EHr:-r *+EE#H;He
odJ

; - d

q)

1:R;;.; sg"itEii e;EE;

",

"2:*;g.EEq
$;a;i$;-AE3iil gai
q
'aiEa ii:i::?!i c
()c)
O,>

#$:E:EF::EE:t:::€EEE
; i;: :?,;Eil;;:
.t
}'

:;;;55s55;:
:;;ssg;;
o {.)

F-'
;:s;i,;;;E;; (n u)

u
i E;
.E

fr'
St
q5
,,..i

,.: V a

!J' O-\O\O\OO
'; * otl.)c.ldc.lca
<o bo l'-
f\D)4 ''o
i.-C -
'4
.g
'o
d.
lq
r\ la
la)
a- \o c- co (), \o or.r-
ctl \o -f, carn-
lj1 )<A^ al c't O\ coOlF-\n C\O
U) lo A - -
*-c
O ;Y>4 I o{olal

vt,

IO
o.rltr.
ol
bo (6l
(n '6
4
0)
qt
1 ,-}
I --: tlllll lrllllllllll
I :l
I I
vr
a
I
I
Lr I
d.

<j- Nf m
J- OV qqq9=ro O
-. c . | t - - c O O O \ O r \ O _ ' c o O c a '<-
e.l o\ O
- rj i- O -. *t '-,v; O,t
r r)C{rf, t-- \O c.l t*- .; r-: c'-r)
: trv 4 )r<i=r=r dtcoc'root- \olr)o\ o\
rf, !f, cn (\co-
:6-H.
ae
r)
U)
d.

?>. Y 19 tlllllllllll
br) ! --v tr llllrl
3:-:
U

-.
>
- lrllilll
tl c\
cN<--

(*
a
()
k
a.)

td
z
;n
u =a
t^ u
Ya!
k
g
1-)trulJ

ie-;E* gFrH i
i' ) 3.-t r- ;;3F j
/- a = -a
() 0 oi E==6-8,
"oDo
6l
Z
E
:=€ i : - a' cE a - ^ i ar =C
>r 5O E noF 1 D
L oc{ - F 1- u
- F
=
' PE8=rEi o A
c'l a : Fi ;--'"'': _ F=--:
"_Z=
n r - a \ ^

:6tsF
5 Eo ;- 1 i;" X,oi=-aF:'ip
€ ! f \ N
!;-: i'goJ, -g-EEF
2-
:; >' >.-o
-' : -o
5
t1 3 E e'.V * 3 : i ' R ' -. : :- Z - iE z Z a
\ L.:
.9 -o
rn
ci 'd
4 2Et:.2 9-o'd Xr"+--i
O:r)r)C
l:) Xcicn
H ^ ^ f .
ca
.OobO

6 "ToE I;E 2 ?1zZ:*TT:.:4E;E'

ih"=E;3.3a.E3-
h .5
tr-
a l' F.o lJ X
E-_c9
o.q k
bo 1
Z i?€e
! 3i-x .-='
o? 71rq
,^ NTr:: frEE#:E:: EIETT; 2
7?,--o
9J;3 3 3 -iEtrE 3 E E 5:r:
L
s" r, .3^ c
\ ^1^

E
O
x -rr- <\, *J
**i;tt.ai,ed==>>><
* -.?':iL 6) -" - - ?
U) \J
ll o) a -O .Q
vqqaA
Q:- o.5
ii -s
t ..
z ",-t c 4 < < < c a c/) u) t- v)

&
<*-
"r/b
c

tj
oM
9-:
' 6 < d-"ib o c.) co <) o\ f:
cttOttNrtrtN
1J 4Jli
aSv : ' l

,l)

r)
9>
,?

CN *:;> V)-\OO\cl\h6
O-nr-or ,rj cd-wto
- :;:Y I I I TOOOOC tOO-: .--:
cjcjiid cjdooo
5v
( J
dJ

U) q
q)
v1\T-: e.l qroc-clv-r
I
o
-F rr n \n \O \O \O'F- |- \ od c. \O
t >fd Jt++; .i4J"At+
cn v;
\O \O \O \O \O
:rrrrrel rtl
t'- t.r .i : Oi
L<

-
F

,a.)
bo <.1 V
n O
acoroo-Gl-,
- E v F | | | | r. - I
.-(.'-
:(gvtr l'_ N O oo e{; * .,:
=d-*- -*qrv

U)
uB
t

\O*$.<v)NOOoo
r ,-) oO l-. t-- \O \O tf, cO cO cO *
oV
5>.
QQOOCO<>OOOcoor
F
E';3E \Ol l l l ar f'- (a
llllll
<t F.. O f- oO f-
nrtttt:ll
_i
tll
?l V !
<\Or)|r)<fcicaOC\O
U i'::-: -:-:a.q--.

O\\O<tOO\--+alc.tcO
\f,C.lot--vico-Oo.:f
r r-- Fr \O \C rn h n r).J- OOOCOOOOOOOO
bo -l l. I I I I I I I I coOo..,r++.c-r=r
;i O, c'l (-- d c) \O N e.t F- al cr\ c|.\ O\ -
i< -!z r)coca*tr-cioo\\to\ - - v1,/),n !-) r) !-)
q< \o\o\.o\.on!']V1cococo

v)
C)

lr
c) F F F F F F E E V \ H

tr tr tr tr F a
!
C
! H
E t a- ' E
!

td
C!Vt.)a-o.\ r{.r)F C)
co \o o\ c.t rn \o o. N o\
-
|.
rlj
-

gq
11 -u
:q6
OiJiU
",DU-o.OrCq

E E.t€E AEEEEIEF,9F,FFF
.t
E ,Egis€?€sjE;;;;;;;;
6 i-rri!O EEE-E!-qET"EoEoToF
- 6=n g_
,r o \f IE g g g E E E t e t e " " >
l* . _ Eo e E . ! 3 ' E 9vi l b b ! t s l A(or ooo Q : o v-,\iv!i o
f, .' € 3 3' 3 3'
X ,, * -9 6 rt , , 6 o o
to€
() 2 j -- ; €! a€ - .-E 3 s 3 : 7
ll 5 FE= E E E E:!.'!'r'!
o \ . - . *, ' a e i* .z. i..tv ) ^; ,.r:)
o 5 " : *- o > _ ir i d A
> . "Li, , F i=2.3
_g_93 &&3"P
EEEEE
i = i . .
>ta=qaa>,>!>rz:'>').>r>r>l
oY
l'
^Fi

oV C -f-l OCC- & 6.

\O5 co r--
* ...i' - OOO
Ant': ol tl f\
t, rr-,-)-, tcrr) ti : - An
6 9v +c)
(a
€

r) o>
C,' <f t.-
--] c'l-
,' tl X ^r
.:ts:a:l
co\o5\clr=j-t
.l a-:--:-:.1 l'l I I I i trl-l-:
Eq.: COCOOOC OC

bo
v)
C)
^ts m
| i;
o\ c\
;
o \cc'
1q
r-t!9
ilo r *t
I \V I I r | | | rr- :\
o co\o o\l--,n
I ;

,L

a..

o V
d
{O
cn dt ol c-r c c7) c'l
':: I I I I I | ' '3 r!
: cv a sfCnhr)\l)l\sl
:a-".
r) -
U)

-o
&alalr) ..r <f C'l r) O
n r-- l-- C do=r cc'ri t ? I
n0 li^li^-

-6 cc-o

a.-,
-. ;5;cior.\:..'r r =
cfc.l-=lalc'r-rC,iril-f--lrcnCr'rccC\O'^
O a
'#

a
d,)

!r z==zz== z2
0.) Eaia=== E=
r_coc-.r-nqr: F:q ';
oi c. r-i oi a r- et .l c\

-
H
4)
': 0
ne
5>
Ay,

14 a6.='u
Zi4=e7
;l=_!CDu
!P,ao!
'(' 9r
,D ,! .2 Y i _.,i
!: .E^,. ;e 3= )i = a .c
67 ;A -^X €r:;bo -
.t
:i" F A1 y* i r 1 > i -ti e Azi 7. f=) 7
r- d1 il 6z,z ? :"{"
*i: E
F< fi e" z4E{*i' q 9 & i ; ' 4-EEiEiE
'2".2 s€-a:'
,E o _b;:
o tz aod . , i - 6 S -i a ?f,EvF,to=:"2 fEf,ZZs
2'i=<ull-=:i"Dt:
ii
:^rj
€r:ev2=
': r< L
=2ieti-=li=i5=>
g wu.-,<

625EEF ii ; d

s&
Jx

.3V
k c.l().-o\o*c
vl
r:1ol9
\o \o co oi
oi
' n €ti'b o -1-r-,Orc(.lCco
6 gr
- - , 4 d

--c.i i*-'o lr

,_)
(/)
:A
€

r) o:>
c7 +.}.+t--coO\
./ n ^\ (.l \O
a :--,4^^ ar C'J
O\ a', cO at lrll
0)
- z;='t a):n
O
eal
.- c.i
"n
..i ,.i .o

3-?
U

a
0)
0 nV ntn9 <
i'rl'
I rtllll O\ t-- O\
lllll _.(\l<ca c')
I
U)

lr
O
d
E
.t, V C't it C \O C\ \a
bo <o
..^*a'O(^
t/)-Jcaal** ttll
+ r-l i-6^-,-i a
iv
X
: 6 v L
c oi 'tFr*l co
(.J}
U)

-
l- v lllll
cc)croro\
rn cq r/) co c\]

t , i \ , - tllll
a2--
o;
U

r1. >h,.
l:;:l ll eI..
':
q
| | | I I | l-r-
- trlll
r)vt\^rnrarr) g
o\
al
;i or)

qi

U)

l-{
O

a\l. - ln

'*
() -ox
?
-. 6
q€
il.o!
C)
x I: €r'r
u L O-
4 o. = €F"
I-l -.: 7 tr)
,a k ----'==;x
1:i:-===?9u^ff^
dooc ^-' =
'; i.?a"t
z5 -- A -u= rn^cc ;lii.r,E
E : E .2
i
&E? ri o- X = =
H
1
2".aEe.F4
X=i,=e-!_l_r.,.,,
,fsE:
c
'l
a
r-l
9-:e
A.LZ
A-""3
C-5€
-1RA :
5
E !=*sa=rF=€ *ens;
'f 'll.'"-,=au
+ cJ (..la
aYF O..ci ;P B
Z =zE=i 2
:riI*r"A'&to-
-t rA Fi;
V 7 . - ! J 4

z &"i-
d. p=
4 a ) a
2 2.'! =
*- = ^
=
<
? i:: x ! Z - u- 't; sP =
?R:+E=.d
"eE
*:9
a
Allc'l It +!
=p'iC'L'
= N: >6
ip b FqEEF d ' t r e E - a o € - 4 1 1 i
q * &3.8"-
I
o
F.l O OA
!1
=
c.l o
-p"*
d
i;.r,
l.=
>
o€
() O *=h
4 F b b b# c b'E- r ; 1 1 ' : > <x x
,(o.i z;.= dOotlglrrl
r0 >> E ouat:i: F

s
 \1 TABLB l8 g) Maximum solar heat -qainfactor (W/m-) for sunlit ,slass,north latitudes
( Contd.)

1tc\r T ^t
-+ r\ LdL

i\NE/ NE/ ENE/ EI ESE/ SE/ SSE/

N N},iw N\V wNw w wsw SW SW\,V HOR
Jan. 85 85 l]9 -r0.t 599) 757 j98 760 116 675
tr'ph 95 95 252 5li 69.1 7t0 t6l ot: 606 786
lvliu. t07 I t')
3 9i 6i5 738 718 675 530 l?t
868
.A. tn, r^ . TT7 278 502 659 719 669 533 338 231 893
i lvlay 136 369 562 675 688 599 +t6 2ll IL A tJ <
890
I
J une t74 401 531 675 669 565 369 11.1
I /J i36 880
t
J uly t42 366 555 663 o /i, 58'l 101 205 I -15 811
Aug. r20 274 492 640 694 6.1"t 511 325 22i 874
sep. 110 r aa
IJJ 375 58-l 700 710 650 514 t^1
839
Oct. 98 98 219 502 666 7-r8 741 653 590 770
? ti
Nov . 85 85 133 398 590 t+J 786 118 107 672
Dec. 8? 82 9l 353 568 738 719 779 718 628

glass1 W '/r n:t

solarheatgrin factor(SHGF)for extemir llyshacled
neD NlaximLrm
TABLE
of 0.1)
(Basedon groundreflectance

Usefor latitudes0 to 24 deg.

For latitudesgreaterthan 2-1,use north orientation,Table Aa(a)'
For horizonralglassin shade,use the tabulatedvaluesior all lltitudes.

NE/ EJ{E/ EI ESE/ SE/ SSE/ (Al1Lat.)

I'INB
N NNW NW wNw w wsw SW sww FiOR
ltl
l,ll tt7 1'20 50
Jan, 98 OR 98 10I 107 i l+

Feb. 107 101 1.07 ll0 u4 rl7

t L/ t20 120 r aa
r!,) 50
IvIar. 114 11t
I [+ ttl r20 LLJ
11r' r26 t23 r23 60
t26 llo 130 133 133 114
IJJ t29 r26 i/o /o
rrPr,
r31 i+2 1L - .? 1 < I la | 1n
l ar-\
L:> r26 i-o 88
May J

qR
June r42 r l< I -r8 148 145 LJY r29 r26 t26
1,la 1J5 148 148 r12 133 129 t29 98
July | !). ,/

133 l a- r {n
T+L 145 1 , 11 IJO
r aa
IJJ
t
|
aa
11 88
Aug. IJJ lJo
1a

Sept. Lt7 1l?

ttt [0 lzo n9 i3l 133 l]9 l19 I -'\

r07 r07 t20 rz5 t26 r26 r26 60

Oct. r07 114
101 101 101 107 114 t20 r20 144
|/1 54
Nov. 101
95 95 98 101 i07 LL4 It7 TLI 47
Dec. 95

*
, ..., -.. -.:;::.r^:.
h.-
\D
R R K l se s l 3 I e l 8t s l 8 I e l 8 I = 1 5 € + €l'f @ rl
.:|, \ol-t €
'o: ll {a ' : 'r : l ' :
r
ol
o'd dld d old o <jlo o dld ci c'lcictdld A oo ^
-l-
*l-
:I; A oli i :l
-l ' l o o o l o-' ^
- - -l- - -l---l- - -1.- -l* - -l- € €ln
I
*l- - ^l ^l ! -- :ll -- -- : r
--:ll -*: . -
" " -t-- -t-- -t-- -t-" -t-- -t- -t "-l: | , -i--t--
a

-t- I
at
- -tc -tc o -lc F -tc F -tc
- -l:
d 6 dlc o -l- a{ al
cl ; ::t; : :t;;:t; :;t;; :t: : :t: ^ oi i ^- tl ^- :- ^ l -i -
- o +lc - -l- -.,1- -.,1- - -,lc -l- . _" rl l - t , - l ^ - c l - " , ;
-1.,
*t-"-l -l -t---t"-
at

"--t- - -t---t-- -t-" -t-- -t-

ol
ol
: : : l : : : l : : : l : : : l : : ": ,l l:o ": , : l : .ll^r.l cll, ^lld cl.ll.l.l al ;; cl al
al ;t ; -t-
:IA A i
I
- l - *o l -,1
ti
a.)
" - 11 . ' ) l - :--t-
---t---t---t---t---t
- - - l - -- : ' -o- ll-- - - , 1 - . , - - - l : ' :- - l - -- : :ol - l " ,
- -lq a " , 1 o -l-: A ;; al
:
^t-
-t--
cr J.l
-l' - -t---t-"-
arl.l
:l:
.l
: - lI
-. !11 ,,
-l ^ l
-l- - -lo -
. r J . r . r c t l c ro r ^ l
I
ol
o
r
a l cl

a1
-,1- I ^l
()
cl
€
:
C
:
€l€@
tl-
:l::
-
ald
Fl-
-- "t"' -t- " -t- --t-- -t-- -t-
f h
:l:
h
-
:-l;
+l.l
jl-
*
-
:
?ld
-l-
:l:
h
-
:
nln
-l-
:l:
€
-
:
@ln
-l-
^l:
ci ol
^i
al
^
cl ol
-t- -t-"
l t : : 'l
^! l.l
cl-
i-lt : :-t---t--
l:::l::
-
nl
-lr - ol-. .,
ol
i
c/)
o
l l l l t-ll n r r l ? r \ O l h r r l \ O a € l a
- - rlC.t € . , 1 -- r l I -l rl-r - elcr a &

F( - --t-- -t- - -t- - -t- - -t- - -t-

€
:
€ htd
::l:;
at aU-
^lx;
- -t-
^l^i
-
;
-tF
;lA
< <t-
A;l;;
- -tF
;l/i
al c ! . ! ol
; ol 'll-r
- t - ; n l - 1 n r-ll -t-- -l t-l---t--
:l l n , . n . ? l ' 11 f t nt
A

- - -l- - -l- - -l* - ol. - -lo ^ -l* ''l-1 c l * I

€€
-t- -t-- - -l
-t---t--- € ^
.,1- -.,1c r
^l

" - -t-- -t-- -t-- -t-- -t-- -t-

o\ a d
-1 v-119 n q'll9 v')
€ r
::;l;
rlN d dl_ d Nl_
^;l;;;l;:;l-i:
ct _l_ N _lat
-il:
d
-l
Nlcl
il-'
cl
A :ll | r,
v_1 rl -l
u)l'
o A

- n o l c o - l - - d- l1c l. , c- l d- llc-l c- r. ,d 1l c o - aol llc*{ - l o - 'ol

I ^l +lo n ela - r
F{
r r
a
r
^
rlO
ala;
c Nlcl
^lA;
Cl
^l: A;l;
l
A Al^;
cl
-il^ A;
<f .+ rl@

-t-- - l 6-ll o l oo ' l o '

d)|v-)
olo A
nl\qn nl v-rl9 vt nl"'l
"1 n

oo -. ol-- -l-- *l- - -l- - -l- o-l- r -t

I -l -l- - ol-
-ls * I
€
-l- !-t-" -t---t-- €l
- - -t-- -t-- -t-- -t-- -l- - -t-
6h f 6
\ r: ilc n r l l o l . . . |q l . l .l ql.l c _ !c l l e l q . l l c 1 ?
A AA
l9 l:: nl n l n ' r n l - r". ,t v') I
ol, i
n .a

I
^ - - l - o f*) llc*] o- l.11l q-. j . .-l l f .-l l . . q. . cl l-l . ' l -q -q llo-. ) o l-
I .l -lo - .rl a . 1- .ccl ll"-l e
c- lll o
{:
\c

e.
(A

li
09 r: \1..).?
o o olo o olc c.lo o olo o olo o olo od A -l' -t-- -l -l -t---t--
vl l9 nl9 n nl 9l o') al
A ox
J3
r'€
^ - -l- - -l- o-l- o-l- - -l- -.-1., .1.* -l- -
t-i
---t---t---t---t-
l l : : "-t-
=: :l: ! :l:::l:: l l : : :-
l :"t-
d €v
'q! € € -' 1 1
- tl 9-
. , '- 4l ol n * * l
n i- ll -t--
I
-l -t---t--
el
c")
|
olat d dlal d
:t:::t^;
ol
d
;
€
fl .I
A
6ll
9lr
'-o

o-
c) o Nl6 \O if l- - 6lt 6 c>lr 6 dl- 6 \O16 r o l., sl.o o rl €l -lr r @la € r s:
- - -t-- -t- - -t- " "t- - -t- - -t-
€ r rlo
^ ^;la
6 0lo
A il;
o dl-
^:lA
o ol6
^:l^
6 0ls
^:l:
o nl$
-i;lA A
v) v'l
- t| -
qtn cl
-t-- -: l 'l
.ll oll .1 '-- "-- | -: :
clo o clc o
cl
; ^
N cl

.g
-r : fo: - l o - . l o - - l o . - , 1 " ,o o l - - - l - -l- -1. - r ' l ^1 ll t l I ':,
-- -t---t-- -t-"-t-- -t-- -t- ^ ; 'l- ^ -t-- -l -t---t--^:
v \Cl6 6 r
.E ", 9161nln n al-: a -rl-tn'll'f 1 1l'a ^;
al
! t : : .-tll - : l - , ' - r- l:rt - : >- : h
^
^l 1 -

o i i

(t) - - -lo - -lo o =l- - -lc c -l- - ol- - l - e^ rll s- r- ^ l n l o . r c l c o rc

"- -t---t"- -t-- -t-- -t-- -t- :-t- -l -t--"t--:
t ! 3 ;-l ;t; - - -t
a
F : 9 9 l n n . . ! 1 " - 1 f , l * 1 - t c _ 1 l na n l 9 v) v') n
cl v l
...I
1t-: - -_*t-:1 <--,
"1 "?119 a
:t ; ; cl cl
c c '*:
c3=
- l - € - l =- - l
r!g

-t- -t-- :-ll --l: tl :-t---t--

o o cl- s sln c olo n nln - o.l- ?.rl.r €6 rlc, - nlr r
t-r
I r : 9 1 - q - ' l n l R a A l n - t n l " l v l ' l l 9 v ?v ] 1 9 ft dll-: all- -:
,- o o o l oo o l oo ' l - - - 1 . . ' l - o o l o ci A t:::l: = al
a
al
; A
<YX
o ey
I

-t- --t--1.,-
-l -=-lrll -t---l--
€ - nr-f 6 3r- n -r,- o -l- - -l- q l o c = 1 " ,- F 9d.
(r O -l- €o d rl- cl - : 1 " - - ' 1- : l - . . ' - ' =
'I h o .r
hl-f olq
o d o l c < id l < j i o l c ;
f ?lh a f ln n tlhn
c l < ; c c ; l < ;c ; s l c
nln
A
n.q d al ct -_- I A
-t':': -l
o ^
al :^-(
i
5t;
r')
l l tatr td ll - I :;l
€ \o olr
q l . l n 1 1 , 1d' c '9lll^"r- 1ha €- cl - l n I= hql loR 69 o- tl 6l - t sl-
t : o l o o f' li :l \c lc cl - 6l<> - r
'l -t---t--
ilO\
:-t-
T
n 'o
t o fl Nd ':t.: -: -to < -t- F
u) o lc o olo o olo o olo o olo o.lo A; :t: A:t;: .--: 9.
Li
A A o

Q
gr
-l- * ol- - -lo -.1- -.1. -.,1-
-"1, R-- n-t- - o-t-
tR C l t Ro 1n t - { " l n t n n n t n n n t f l
--t- - -t- - -t- - -t- A
\o '6
A; A
+
- -l' al q .,1-- .,1-.
-t- -t-- -.- :-ll -t---t--
ol* o
-lq': ;
6

c
l
dl
I

:l)i;:l)i;
d

^
rtt
2?=
EE'i6
- oo -6 ll. l- .ol -e lll c-l d- -d llN* o
- --t---t---t---t---t---t-
6
^ : jl; ; :l: ;
. , l - -F -e lll -- -- -- l lF -
N Nl-
^l^ ; :l: : :l: ; :l: .i
@al
C'F
^ A
-
- : !l \gO
-l- -t-- A
-l- -
,t- -
d
-
-l
-l
^l -t---t---
-lo a -le
, l : - , l : :
o r N !Etr

i:e r-
O

€ <?6lo \O €lcl't rlcl o l- I -. : lI O "- a '

? rlol n rlcr n €16 r -lh o\
- - -t-- -t- --t- * -t- --t- -'t"
@ cln o cl6 -
'-'lc o

-l
F '--le q ':lq q
O - -lO
- +?r P
-{ A ^lA
O OIO O OIO
/l AIA A ^l;
C OIO
^ AIA
O OIC
A Al;
O CIO
-i:lA ;; A ^ 'l' ^ oloo o l " o l o- A A =;?:
" - e '

- - d-llO- O- O- IlO- O- C- I1C " C-, C- IlO^ O- -Ol I-C -C -C il; -^ i I =.: ! :
r\ O -
o ci dld <i il<j <j olo o ^lo d c;lo o o[6
?
c
; 3- 3; @ - l €

-t- ;
^ l ^
.':lq
,1- o
-t-- -:
c
ol
-l
:l -t---t-"
-l-
-tc o
:l^:
-l-
- *to o
a
;l^ : A
Lo
: ;
Egi
..t u
i

4t'r * - -l* - -l-. -l- - -l- - *l- - -lo I ole e !s;:

S

'l-
at tr 6l dl€ - Nl€ - N
6 o- 1lq'1 -:19 - -tr):
d <j dli o <;lc;d c;le;o <il<;o c;lo C ol<; ; . l -
olo o
-lQ
oloo olo- - IY \
"lI o A

,l
tttttl
.+o olh € clt \o€ln.o alm o ol+ s ol- €\- r ^l- al t + l a
I
- l o --: --:ll -q - l-
!E y
- ' : c J c J t q q - - - t Qq q t q q e t c c q t Q e a t 9 .:|.:'--
$
': !l cl ;EET
o o o l oo o l oo - l ' - - l ' o o l . . o l o A ^;
O F
Y
d
-t-
-lq
oloo -l
AI
1l-
-t---t-- - t- ac6
gts^ <
=-6
q qo l o e qeleo - l o € -lo I tl t

on
o nl€
clo e ;le
l o o els
-l
o ele
o l o o o l o e:le
L/ r
-t- -1"" -l -t---l--
rl nlc{ n l 9 'tl- l^
E c lN N t?lc{ h ? v
o o A :l: A :t:: i; :l -t':'--'1t-': t-: ; ^ ;-7 -
lc

tttttl I I tl
xoq
& , QE
.rErl.r > cl, > xl-:> rl-r > rl-r> cl.r iql' *l'= ** ll rl; > xl.r> -- _l =c -2 )
F
s
llllll
el lllll
I
II t, t- I tl
tl
3 Et >" >
:= > 3-
.ltro
=;l2l HlHl'".' t
I ' : lI
;1
4o
:>i E
li =

li l't
i! ll d
l':i>t - ' z
EFC
lfr | vt
v)
- " i 1I . " IA
--t
I
U' --t-
I
-?.
' . r " ' - i.
-:tr,:::j::
z nnrr *
,l)lc ?
-ta " t -:;,-i::;
* '',' -' .
:L:,!-":! !.
tl
4r

(CLTD) for conduction thlough glass

TABLB @p Cooling load temperturedifferences

Solar time, h CLTD, 'C Solar time, h CLTD,'C

1- 300 l
0100 I
1400 l
0200 0
R
0300 -l 15 0 0
-l I 600 I
0400
-l r7 0 0 7
0500
-l 1800 1
0600 (t

0700 -t r 900
2000 4
0800 0 a
2100 .,)
0900 I
a

r000 7 2200 L

4 2300 2
1100
2400 i
i200 5

,- i, ins;ulatipgglass"
coetfifients for singie glnss;anrl
I'ABLE gf Shading -...'---...-*--
A . Singiec-!gl
iS
g coe'l tlc'ient
Shaclin
Soiar trilns''t
Nnrnit*f thicknessb r '1'1 1
i r s= 7 . 0
Type of glass llt\ = tt'' t

1.00 1.00
0.86 0.95
3mm 0,94
CIear 0.78 0.92
6mm (\'l) 0.90
1 0m m 0.87 0.88
0.b7
i3 mm 0.83 0.85
0.64 0.73
3 nrnt 0.69
Heertabsorbing 0.46 0.64
6mm 0.60
0.33 0 . 58
l0 mm 0,53
0.24
1-3mn-t
B. insulatingG l a s s
0.88 0.88
0.71" 0,82
3 mm' 0.81
Clear out, Ciear in 6mm
0.61
Clear out, Clear in 0.58
0.36 0.55
Heat absorbing" 6mm *
Out, Clear in

s
\')-
'f;\lll-E
. &% Design valuesof a
Furnishingsancl rerurn Air supplylight t'ixture Type of
0.45 H e a v y w e i r h t .s i r n p l e Low rlte; supply anrl return Rcccssctl, not rren[ed
turnishings,nt; carpct b e l o wc e i l i n g( Y < 2 . 5 ) ' ,
c.55 Ordinary furniture. Medium to high venrilarion Recessecl.not vcnted
n0 carpet rate: supply and return below
ceilin_eor through ceiling
g r i l l a n d s p a c e( y > 1 . 5 ) ' ,
0.65 Ordinary f'urniture.r.vith Mediurn to hi_qhvenrilatiotl Vented
or without carpet rate or fan coil or induction
type air-conditioningterminal
u n r t ; s u p p l y t h r o u g hc e i l i n g
or wall diffuser; retLlnl arounrl
li_ehttlxtures and through
c e i l i n gs p a c e .( V > 2 . 5 ) "
0 . 1 5o r Any type of furniture Ducteclreturns through light Vented or treehanging
greater fixtures in air stream with
ducted retunts
"V is roorn air sr"rppiyrirtc in litrcs/s pcr Squafe [1ctr0 of flclor arca.

TABLE Z3 Designvaluesof b
Room air circulation and
Room envelopeconstructiona
( m a s sof floor area,kg/ml; type of supply ancl returnt'

Low Medium I-Iigh Very High

A A
B A
50 mm Wood Floor (50) n T]
D D A
75 mm ConcreteFloor (200) D

C C B
150 mm ConcreteFloor (370)
D D C
200 mm ConcreteFloor (590)
D D D D
300 rnm ConcreteFloor (780)

,Floor covered with carpet and rubber pad; for a froor covered only with fl.or rile take nert
classificationto the right in the same row'
and
blou,: Low ventilation rate-minimum required to cope with cooling load trom lights
wall or ceiling diffuser. ceiling space not
occupantsin interior zone. -supply through floor, used in
venred and h = ;.a Wirt."ij i*n.r. h = insicle surface convection coefficient
calculation of b'
floor, wall or ceiling dilfuser' Ceiiing space
Medium: Medium ventilation^rate,supply through
not vented irnd ft = 3.4 Wi(m'''C)'
air 'f incluctionunit or by fa' coil unit' Returu
LIigtt: Room arr circurationincluceclby qrllarv
through ceiling spaceand ft = 4'5 W/(m'''C)'
temperaturegradientsin a rooln' Return
very High: High room air circulation used to minimize
through ceiling spaceand fr = 6'8 Wi1m2''rl;'
from ASHRr\E 1989,Table42.
.Ftutda.ntentrrls,
Aclaptedby permission
s
\!

cl €cN -nrO
l- t<€6 drod at14ra

F1
o-oc c--i
; :^^ :A;A

l-
-J*^ ;:;A A;.'
-;A^ ;:;i

rcal a.rcrc -n€r t1 ==:.1 ct9€a

COO- C < ' * - C < - *

; A' ;;;A ;;:^ diio l-o: :/i;^

@?€o fa-6 -,9€5

aic-c art€r c:ac
c'---
iA;A ^^ c3--
; AA
CC-'
;AA{
O*-c{
-;A:A :::;
- - 4 - -C--
ciii ^^;;
c

9alrnr
[] f,-a€
C < - * c
O--
c<-
-f-ao
:::
dhor
3O-O
;:;; :^:^
-+r^l O*-*
A;44
c-*-

ll
i :A:

arc- r1@r
o---
C - < - 4 ;;^ oet6
ooco
;A A
-*olcl
AAAA A;A A^: Ai
CCO-
i-oi

l:
O

*o-el rNTT r,€OO

€-€r *@a- -€r- O*--
C--< 6c-- CCCO
:;:^ O F < -
::i: AAA,i

t:
.i A ;,iA ;;;A
U)
(./) ti
lr tr€€ -rO@
r oocc -.lalal O<--
c
C - F <

o AAAA :;:; ^4^- AAA AA:A

*---
oo c€d@
c--- OOOC 4ctdal *-al- C < - -

t:
c 1 4 * JAAA :AAA :A A i ^ ; A
;;A' A;AA
L<

r--.O 6€9n
c{606 C,4€6 €clalal
c4--
€€6€
-€9t
ataid^l
AA{A
-N^ld
;AAA
----
6alal.-
AAA;
a :: A

(l)
lr l_ hooo
- d a l -
o€rQ
:::^
o-oN
:AA4
Eeee Li
€rrn
clald6l
--OlO
^td6lN
cioo
€Fr€
A4AA :^^

rl:
A A A A

c
.t) a rr)
€ .l6t6Q Aad-
6l c{ cl
! 6dNO Q € M €
O--O
; A; : : ^ ^ al
A A
oo
bo
:l-
A;AA

66-'O alohar t^ct cr @Qacl

al -
d rlanclN --=3
!:!i
d)
:iA:
6l rl ol c.l al
;;;:

il:
AA i :A^: ^
a)
c
omh.. c'r ii di :
a-9ra 6--C B 43.6r
::;^
-alr^l
et---
A;:
ioio ::A; :;4d -ici

il:
o -
t<
- ^ l \ c l r t\n-C f \ . . 1 ) l i
r-Qcl -0ra - -
l-SolO
6€rr qqoq19
al - :;:^

il"
^ : : !
e o-i5
,:- iidc
ca
rt
c 6laoQ arT- 9-6r-
\t
.71 c aalr? -h-O

.]!AA i:^^ ::AA 4) d

6Zrr 5@rr.
^::: ,: ;-
iido !
=
)
-r-€ t- z -,€-,- '^CrcO 94
z c-€al €sr.o q c? .: t-:
:::^:

t:
qc90909
::;^
@Fr€
l:;; 3-CO i-ic doio
'5
o. co
-ahol *13- -,raq
co € @ cl 3 -cr1 *a.l '5 f, ltr € 'a
o-4- 19rrl9

r) ^:;:
% F @ €
;AA-i t:;: icico r)
-: i .i :iic ii:5

atiri €tr6r\ "; ordr-, 6-i-5

-r€€ F -t-rQ
;::: :-;A ;{i:

l.
:^:4
::A: A:;A ddoo diio
q) $
fii 6lJ-o 6rrr
a-C6
ra€Q
::; n
-a-€Q
;;AA A;;i iic. ^;;.: -:i

l"
AAAA

r-oo crr,o€ ra€o rrrr

F A Q €
; ; A
rrr9
;A^
r9t-r:
A AA
I{ .t :::^: :::^ ciic
tr.r
borlr
,. -<>- ?alalal 4 € €63 ^l ,>3<
l\rrr
adi-a
.t
a/ r€€€ rl\l\>
:
rr€rr
;; ;:

l:t-
;;.<i AAii
;: A :;AJ :A A
:F 3 F
V) 4
OO-cl ro6ro
ra4O 6tor '/)ul99 '99qF:
ir:.! .:
;A;A ::;;
a-rl\f
:i:i

6 a$=- rJoal ra.l€i A'- i A Q5-6

Q5.1 ,I €rrr r:.:T2?
;:,i: :::;
h Q € € €6rr
iiio iooo A;AA
6A€@
:{A ;^;{
tr
,:7
l^ a!x-r -arO
o-c3
;;;
--ra€
OOCO t- d] oia-
oia--
el€O*
cocc
a
t- ioid ::AA
l- ; i^ ;A{A doio

o 4J

<coon <tcooo CL <c0uo <ccoo <ccoo <caue

;5 b:

€
(J' 9 r- UJ rr)
e
O O c

&
taLt

3
I I | a' :l
' c=sR
onl ol rosoK' ln' -l '€oi ls q l l-ll
'OnO- 6C| 96 tcd)6 6ro-
': c'l c! o4-- c-+-
Q ::A: :^A^

6rNrolor crtls+ s Fl'l -- r I

- cl.t.rlo -.t ^rlo - - -lC i
C-cl^l
!-li
C--ol
-l :A^ ccool-.ool-o-ol.- = lI
? - Jlo a ! 3ln - -
+ r E clar -a I

^;;.;
C - a l t l
rrn63
C-''cl
:;;;
9araa
-c--
_
:===i==o.lo=.=i====l
.l -l -t- al ^t atlc - - -tc - - i

- r C -lh rr'^'^l- r O CIF ^l.l J I

^l ntl-
cio-l---=l=--.1-o=-l
--a€ -.1 -. -.1- cl - ^llc - - - I
-ClClal 5-:i^t -c--
:A;:
i;{i

ii 3:.t:ll= n F nlf e i il3 l:

acn€a
-clalCl
^: ^A.a
-.5-.1

AA^^
6ra€r
O---
A^:^-i
9Otl^l
or--.
:::A ==o'l-oo.l=.--l-==-l - ! I
r r a F.l.r r ! rlr - N -lO 6 a'4 |
-€rr ^l ^ll- ^l ^l ^ll- - - -

;AAA :;:A ^^;.^

O*--'
an
.odol.-oolo..=l-=..1
.r - - 6lal al i

<h L
+ r € tlF - o -l^t a - -l.t r'^ € |
cl 66' J-a- ce,-f/ -- - 6 -i^l - - all.l Cl ^l arl- - - - I
ci al
J:;A
c.r cl *alalal
::^: ::JA oi35l-o-olooa-l--ool
<f ^r F I hlh + er €lr a h.ll€
-a : a- -€ : |I
N r*-o rco@ a + 6 -lo - ^!1.! .'! cll-:
- l o - o = i1. o . . 1 . -1. o l
ot9ht
:: A :::^ ic=o i: ;
H
.io
ti
,- ,-
icl i9i o
; sl .l q
o=oa
- lnol-l-RoH
l oi l-l-i--ll ; l
-Ct-a
.1 6-1 .1 dl at ^t 6l cl atatci-
:AA ^A{^ ;A;
e

d) =qnnrl
+olorh €bNO o@€f
L{
si os c
s sclls. .S-s- s1l.q-4- -al;-|-f f-3. 1
:al
2 :A A ::AA

a
a
c
ar6o€
::::
orfo
-.lalci
:: {
oor?
a
so ao cos=lls- a
- -u- si =l s. -s-s1E. -l -q-6l 3 E l
;:AA bo
hr'.Q aa€€
€f-q
606€ - 3 =a8lE8SalsesDl6353
oooil-==.lcooclosoc
:::^
o€@r ANAA AA;A
0.)
c.)
i6C'^
6@€r
tnr?c
60€€ aao@
:A^4
B a sriRlsasclx;sqlrAqa
oi-ol-..=l.o-ol.ccc
::^i
,J)
.-
a€rr o!rcr
rrr]9t
qc9o9c9
ralob
o66'
e s ; r l a r s ; l s ; 4 8 l s6 - t
i i - oi-. =.i. -. clc c. '
Ad:
(H
o ';
ti v-) .f,
<f
o 4 a l f a
a€rr
l-€6
::AA
€^rc!
6066
;i;i
n o
F rsslss;=lna;nlss;s
; o c; clo c o cl. . 3 ^i3 c' c i3)
:AA
l

z o5Q- _-C€
qno9r:
^^^i
oo-t
;AAA
L. z is-s=l;sa;larinls*Ea tr

- A
f.
lccoclcooolcc=clcccc a
oo
oo
9rfcl tO-r
aail l=*=slss;;ls;s;lxaEa
:;;A ; AA :^A{
r') looiolooocl3:-clc3oc
L)
u)
Qar€ ia6al
:^^; :^;4
lr==pls;;elassslsasc
- - o o l c o < ;= l o . o 3 1 . 3 ' o
:;AA
l
6Cl-o
rrrr
ort\€€
€rrr
€ot-- crr€ F
l e sds, jr l oslR e R l D s J E i ac lqo .€ s o
c; o <;ilc -. c
;;:^ : A ::AA :;A R
\
ld
6660
r€o@ rrrr
&€€€
:;i^ .'l
l =d rosor loel os or rcl ;;o; lc. ;-l a- u- 1=.so ' . '
.t :;AA
tA I
rrrr
a€6O l**:tl=xsFl33'jglggs$ a(
@a@€
IAAA :i^^ u l;;bolooooldoocloooo \i
t----l---il
: AA
E-( A;AA :F
q
rt.2

t4oQa
;^;^
€ @ - -
€Qrr
:AAA
C-brf
:,{:A AA A l:: sil=5::15EE3l:j:3 3
t----t---lt
6r-€
aoo€
:AAA
hQAr
::;^
ro€a
Qrrr
A-'AA ;;{^
.7
l= 33!
=: Ilg3::13:B:15
,F

tttt
i:l::3 tl: =::l: =";
c/)
O--cl
^^^-
c*i-
-,6^tf
;;-t A
.A i=:
t----l---tl
o

k
t C)

.t€()a <ccUO
| o ' _. o^ ll<_c- ou ^ l _*, ,- o
- l -l o-, "- , -o
<caOQ <laOO
I "1" )r

- tlll C)

U6
'.d, E6
:
o
O. a5
il - l l l :1il:l:

*
q5

i ( . { \ f oo cl
ol .o
-i -i -i A ;/i
d c l N *daa oi--
;JAA A A A AAAA
i o] <f O\ cn lO\
o *ld olo
;AA ; Al/i AA
d

^;^^ al
ocii
al ^l
AA
- < - -
AA:A
io\a
F-
cl ci r<l
6 cr o 416 O a }la o d allo h €
-
€
-
-i -i -i A-i ^i-i;
6l o 6 6l.- ^l .l dl- d N Cll- -
oooiloioolodooloio3
co c.l € <l' =j- €
.l dl .l
.-Ndcl
oQrr .a^
AAAA A;;A

c.t -J \o €O\€
*c{ clnvl
6qor €€€r -iA; -i
ol al cl
^; ^ cl
AAA

6l d' t-- \oo ct\oi

iol 6$r
n+atolh€fNIr€rhloco€
't .t 1Fjl.'-1 .1 n 1lc.l ^l ^l ^!
l.! .l 1 -1
4) ;-i-i ;-; -i -i -i

a
L( dr)ao co \o €\o\o
o el nq
. 1r -a a
olo€ r6l
sqho
6atcl OIN- ;4i^i
,< AA AAA do
II
\o €oat \On6 v) ci rr O\ $
qq
v) O\ \O
qqo9a9
d
:::
6a€ o66
;AA
606
A:A
-{^tA
L
,Y m\o- <ir)
€c{@?
qq€@ a6€
o
6
n60 q9
AAAA ;:: ooo 666
A;; o
cr a.. or @ol <f,r)
c)
l<
r-€-l@oO€l@qdo16€tN
qqeelqqqelqqq09 lqqqq ! ;-iA
a a'l !d'
A-i

o
v) rorolrol 6€ vd6la€tol ca co rf c.l cq i'
t 66€€lO6€6 66€16OOO v) q ao\
: ::;I: ; A A ^^^t^^:^ li -i -i ;A
bo
(J
96€N -€Q 'f Oi \O r) ol co
6@@€
:: A ;;:
6€€ o6€
A;A
666 q c1 9 o\
AA-i
fr

} O € i N EIO€
sro€ : @€ ()ol
o6€@
A;A
q0909 qqo9
AA o
l v

ln +€ €
a -iA -i;
t{

()
trA-
;;;4 ioi
alc€
qq09
doo
o
d

q '-' al
l d l \o
l;
co
-i ,.{
€ oqq
,:v lo od
'f,
6t h o -{lO 4 O
6€-€166--i66-6lA63O
:; A:I A
alh
A;IA:
- O -l€
;I:
6 tl
A:
-
\o <l
q':cl
'n l- € €
l ^ A^
€ €€ C-6

E d

bo z o
q
d cl
oq 09 elq
clcl r
a'4
n
lqlq
alA O
q
a
e
116
nlo
-
q
cl
q
-
q
a11
q)

q)
f-\OO
^i -i -i
I:
lh
*cl
€@
AA
if\o€
€6€
-i-i;
Li

2& co
6al-o c6if, ar€-r TCli- 5^
€€6r
oooo
a@6&
OOO5
qo9nog 6Aa6
;AAA cf) € €
r
c.l rf \o
r\ t--€
-i -i
€@@

d)
ci ci <i ?,
h O O olr a - r,lc) r r rl- - - O
6€@rl-6t6156€FiOO6O lr U)
:;; AI : A:I::; AI A A A v6 \o t-- O \ a t f ,
ol il r F-r \.q? qJ
o A6;
i€€€lSdNal €9Ol-OO(f
€rrrl@@€@
;A;AIAA;:
€6€t6666
ctdoloood 4 h :
tn \
c\l if \o
r--\oe
oo c.l t
n

€hrr O*al ah€16600

': - c{' of-
AA
rF.

L
4 4.6. 09 o9 09lo9 oq oc q
.
''! r:r:c:l
oootooco 3|\ O\ In ooo\ a{ rn o\
8q ca \o \ Fr
A^ -iA
O.l n rl€ r O -l-.r
rrrrlrr-€l€€-€l€6€6
rt 6lr r o o J <i c;
a<
A A;I:AAAIAiiAI;AAA
F : irt €O\O\ c-.t v t-- ON
rr
>{
(/)
66rJ€lO66Olr-6qlo6€a
>
i-r .< .- .1 -iA ; -i -i
v)

€Qrrlrrr€lr€€61€€€6 6\
::i;IJ:AAIAAAAIAAAA
hco NO
;i :^y cl '4 v)
AA
\o r-
t \O N hl- al r .3l- € ^l fl6
09 o9lr: 09 oq n
h r A
(H oo
n I t r:19 r r.gl.:.: 6-
o t
O-.1 <t
1n=t $ v*f, n\o
c{n6-lOat€ 6€Oln-mt 9,= ri Fl -iA
-1 al q dl --: cl .l qlq'-'- c/)
l.: - - - i6 a)
sq
qid tr. € o\ 6\O hot
c.r c.l ol .q v-]
=H
q= -i;-i -ia' a)
? 6. - l
<trlual<4oal<caual<r0Qo G

fi>r >'
' 'o
:d) cl+ -:l $\o€ ()
92
:<E r "(3
.'
'd 6 tic
li
: i4
F

s
€'
s
*-al oo€
Y-- AAa

f'c€ ..*cl

+t=o\ @T
*ol
Y'--.

<oicl
;^^
!ol<' @cl r- ri- n
oa *c{o
YY:

-ald r ch6O
*old
C)
d

€ .l
<t€
OO'
A A^

I <ar\o 6Ca r\ ar t-'

II c.l
U)
C)

N<l\o olFr
-ol oo\a
Y:-

r o\oc-
rliff
: o.l .sqq
cj o
k
,- 6\o\o
atra€
YY-
I c.l q qqq
.J)
c d
L

vl -$ i+n\o
olno a('\O\
6
-- t-:
l^
cl
d

o
I- 6tn
o\o* lo €r\ O, O\
:- l. c'l
o -l-i^

bo i\oal
-- 6l ca O'
;.i o\
<1"
6
cl al$
Q
c! qq a
^ a
,
<to€ o\ o\ qq
n &6 A
co
a
rn C'l a{ r r-' € € Ool
o\ o\
q-1 cl 66
;-i
U) ,i -i q

d.) 'n \o
U) q10l co6 €o\ q)

ol c4 !j' t-- o\ ts
r@cl
-\a& co €€ @ @ao
\0 o ^A o -i -i

NI aN nF-
oo60\
qol c: oo co ca6
-iA ^.;
'r
iF
oln
Hn\o
-C-r c-
tr-
r
o\
t'- € oq 09 W)
;-:.4 ;
t< cl O\ c{
-i F- r- c- t-- F- f"€
:-i-i -iA

\O6O' $co
€\o\o r:\
999

I
al
O

.ot-*r €ocl '+ (-- *

n\o\o 99c:
;-i-i -{iA
-l
'a
i
@
6 * 'o lo ? l.l 4)

E
F

tu
rE{
\t

l-l
-.i6t'c)€#\O-'
oqQeqq-': -^l

-el-nF"a\O€ri
*-ial

l*l Y-.::--

l,'l
:ct6n€-r)cco
- d a l

:;;ESodJd

il
Fd+\O13.clF-qo
Y----.

Ho<frOilCdC)
----

l;i
LI
s6n€t\O66O

:-;SoaJcc;
-n\OO\ctO\\OO\l-'
oQQq-1
dl

--'cl nq
6h

ri
l=l
l.l
.lf\OOn<--O,F
ooQ--cl

^r+rdrn90\or-'
OOO--.alo<'1O\
::.:-l-i,-i^;^
.1Rq

U)
!
il .rn€ooorn\o
eqq-1 .l l-tqq

,1"
()
,:Y

6 l H
88e'!ri E4EE
o.l
:l -C-€tn6ir)
bo =1., o O - _ - - o l nqqq
-l

E1., 6rOi:lOlOl
oq-:cl aqqqq
---
6'l

-t-
il
o
;jl t € r n n c l - - c l T. tqqqq

-l-
CJ
c?-cl \l.
ol-
,;I
"rI
o::;A;b5o,a
^14 ;;:.-i;.i-lAA c-.
U)
A
() 6-:€rOOA\Ocl
q-elnogo9o9qq oo
(^
\.o-J'€)!ir)\OF-€O at q
# a-c.!oqo9ocoq09q

l:I
a
d

r\otj'ermrf nF o\
Fr o;o€600€€€
::;-i;iAA-i n
'a{
c0
€-O\OC-6nr
Qol|:ocog09e0909

l-
r-
F,I ,9
tA
or\o\orciodn 15
<olrrrr€@@
:::-i-i-i-i^A q
.F

l" o-ololtnF(}ral
rrrrr€

r\OrrO\OGlnOr
*\c}\O\O\OF-t--F r
4

l:
,-i:-{,.i;;;;A 'o

€6\C*61 +\OCtf, 6
v1v]99999|:.: .h

tr

t-
D
O\3\C-nn@(.l\O
++66nr)n.oa
(.)

a 1?.. T,
()
cr-i'.o-::l:: II
| .-
| "'r
F lrr

*
q9'-
 TABLE rgq Rates of heat gains frotn occupantsin conditioned spaces
'fotal
heat Total heat Sensible Latentheat
Degreeof activity T-v"pical
applicalion
g a i n( W ) adjustcd(W) h e a t1 W ; (w)
Moderatelyactivc Office,Hotels, t40 130 75 55
office work Apaftments
Standing,Light work: Departmental store. r60 130 15 55
Walkine Retailstore
Walkine. Standins Drus store.Bank r60 145 75 70
Liqht benchwork Fact<lry 235 220 80 I.r0
Walking 3 mph; light 295 295 110 r85
Factory
machinework
Heavy work Factory 440 125 170 255
Athletics Gvmnasium 585 525 710 315

Adapted by permission fiorn ASHRAE Fundamentals, l'993, p. 26.8.

*Tabulated values are basedon 24"C roorn dry-bulb temperature,the totai heat remains the salrte,
but the sensibleheat values should be decreasedby approximately20 percellt, and the latent
heat values increasedaccordingly.

tt

View publication stats