AURORA’S DEGREE & PG COLLEGE

(REACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH ‘B’ GRADE)

Chikkadpally, Hyderabad 500020

ADC FINAL PROJECT GUIDELINES

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & PROJECT WORK

POINTS TO BE NOTED
 PROJECT 35 MARKS
 INTERNAL 10 MARKS
 VIVA – 15 MARKS
 WRITTEN EXAM – 40 MARKS TOTAL 100 MARKS
QUESTION PAPER PATTERN – 40 MARKS
 SECTION – A SHORT ANSWERS OUT OF 4 ANY 2 [2*5=10M]
 SECTION – B LONG ANSWERS OUT OF 4 ANY 2 [2*15=30M]
 TOTAL PAPER – 40 MARKS
TOTAL MARKS - 60 + 40 = 100M

THE PROJECT CONSISTS OF MAINLY THESE MAJOR FIGURES

Chapter Design should be as follows:
Chapter-1 Introduction: this chapter includes the research problem, need for study/significance of
the project, objectives, methodology , Research gap and Limitations. (hypotheses, statistical tools,
data source, scope, sample, chapter design).
Chapter-2 Review of literature
Chapter-3: Company Profile: this chapter should contain a brief historical retrospect about the entity
of your study.
Chapter-4: Data Analysis and interpretation: this chapter should present the data analysis and
inferences.
Chapter-5: Summary and Conclusions: This Chapter should give an overview of the project,
conclusions, implications, recommendations and scope for further research.
Bibliography: lists the books, articles, and websites that are referred and used for research on the
topic of the specific project. Follow Harvard style of referencing.
Webliography: Information collected from website.
Appendices: the data, used to prepare the tables for analysis, may not be feasible to incorporate as
part of chapters, may give as appendices
Annexure 1 : print out of the questionnaire
Annexure 2 : Information about tables

ABSTRACT
The abstract is a brief overview of the entire project, summarizing its objectives, methodology, key
findings, and conclusions. It provides readers with a quick understanding of the project without
needing to read the full report.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 in the Introduction includes the background of the study, explaining the context and
relevance of the research, and highlighting the goals and purpose of the project. It also outlines the
research problem and the scope of the study.
Example – key take aways, pros and cons, present scenario, features, as well as recent trends.
Include some images to give weightage to the project

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING SUB TOPICS

A NEED FOR THE STUDY – why do you want to do this project/ topic
B OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY (VERY CRUCIAL AND IMPORTANT PART OF THE
PROJECT) USE THE WORDS SUCH AS – TO IDENTIFY,TO ANALYSE, TO KNOW, TO
UNDERSTAND, TO DETERMINE.
C SCOPE OF THE STUDY- purpose of the project related to objectives only
D COLLECTION OF DATA – primary and secondary data
Research Methodology
Research methodology describes the process you used to conduct your study. It includes details like
how you collected data (e.g., surveys, interviews), the tools or techniques used, the sample size, and
why these methods were appropriate for achieving your research objectives

CHAPTER - 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Literature Review
The literature review is a summary and analysis of past research or studies related to your project
topic. It helps you understand what others have already discovered, identify gaps in knowledge, and
explain how your study will contribute something new.

HOW TO FIND OUT REVIEW OF LITERATURE?

To find a Review of Literature, follow these steps:
 1. Search Academic Databases: Use sources like Google Scholar, JSTOR, or PubMed to find
relevant articles, books, or papers. These platforms provide research studies, reviews, and
meta-analyses related to your topic.
2. Books and Research Papers: Look for textbooks or research papers written by experts in
your field. University libraries often have access to comprehensive academic journals and
publications.
3. Keyword Searches: Use specific keywords related to your topic in databases or search
engines. For example, if your topic is "green marketing," search for "green marketing
literature review."
4. Review Articles: Search specifically for "review articles" in your field. These articles
summarize existing research, theories, and findings on a specific topic, providing a good
foundation for your own study.
5. Cite References: Check the reference lists of the papers and books you find. Often, these will
lead you to other relevant sources.
By reviewing these resources, you can summarize the key findings, theories, and gaps in existing
research, which forms the literature review section of your project.
Here’s an example of how a review of literature might look, focusing on the topic of green
marketing:

Review of Literature
Green marketing has emerged as a key area of interest for businesses looking to appeal to
environmentally conscious consumers. According to Smith et al. (2020), green marketing refers to the
promotion of products or services based on their environmental benefits, and has been gaining traction
as sustainability becomes a priority for consumers. The authors found that companies integrating eco-
friendly practices into their marketing strategies often see improved customer loyalty, as consumers
are more likely to support brands that align with their values.
Johnson & Lee (2019) argue that businesses adopting eco-labels, such as "organic" or "fair trade,"
experience a positive shift in brand perception. Their study highlighted that consumers associate such
labels with authenticity and transparency, crucial factors that influence their purchasing decisions.
However, research by Brown and Adams (2021) revealed that while consumers are increasingly
concerned with sustainability, many still prioritize price over environmental claims. Their findings
suggest that businesses must balance eco-friendliness with affordability to appeal to a broader market
segment.
While the existing literature emphasizes the positive impact of green marketing on consumer
behaviour, there is still a significant gap in understanding the long-term effects of these strategies on
brand equity and consumer trust (Kumar & Sharma, 2022). Further research is needed to explore how
companies can maintain the credibility of their green claims and avoid accusations of greenwashing.

In this example:
Smith et al. (2020) discusses the general trend of green marketing.
Johnson & Lee (2019) focus on the use of eco-labels.
 Brown and Adams (2021) point out the challenge of balancing price and sustainability.
Kumar & Sharma (2022) highlight the gap in understanding long-term effects.
Each source contributes different perspectives, providing a comprehensive overview of the current
research on green marketing.

CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE

A Company Profile typically includes the following five major points:
1. Company Overview:
o This section provides a brief introduction to the company, including its history,
mission, vision, and overall objectives. It gives an idea of what the company stands
for and its core values.
o Example: "Founded in 2000, XYZ Ltd. is committed to delivering innovative and
sustainable solutions in the field of renewable energy."
2. Products and Services:
o A description of the main products or services offered by the company. This could
include details about any unique features or advantages these products/services offer
to customers.
o Example: "XYZ Ltd. specializes in solar panel installation, energy storage systems,
and green consulting services."
3. Market and Industry:
o This part highlights the target market or customer segments, along with the industry
or industries the company operates in. It may also discuss key trends or challenges
within the market.
o Example: "XYZ Ltd. serves residential, commercial, and industrial clients within the
renewable energy sector, with a strong presence in North America and Europe."
4. Organizational Structure:
o A breakdown of the company's leadership team and key departments. This could
include the roles of executives, senior management, and other significant teams
within the company.
o Example: "XYZ Ltd. is led by CEO John Doe, with key departments in operations,
R&D, and customer support."
5. Financial Performance and Achievements:
o A summary of the company's financial performance, key milestones, awards, or
achievements. This could include revenue figures, market share, or any major
accomplishments.
o Example: "XYZ Ltd. achieved a 15% growth in annual revenue in 2023, and was
awarded 'Best Renewable Energy Company' by Industry Weekly."
These points provide a comprehensive picture of the company's background, operations, and market
standing.

CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This section involves displaying your data in an organized format using tables, charts, graphs, or
figures to make it easy for readers to understand. Visual tools help highlight trends, patterns, or
comparisons.
Example: If you're studying the effectiveness of green marketing, you might present data on
consumer preferences using bar charts or pie charts showing the percentage of consumers who prefer
eco-friendly products.
Also, the responses and the graphs that were automatically generated at the time of questionnaire
Example
example of how to interpret a pie chart:
Example:
Imagine you have a pie chart showing the preferred types of beverages among a group of people. The
categories and percentages are as follows:
 Coffee: 40%
 Tea: 30%
 Juice: 20%
 Water: 10%
Interpretation:
 Coffee is the most popular beverage, with 40% of people choosing it as their favourite.
 Tea comes second with 30%, indicating it is also a popular choice, but less favoured than
coffee.
 Juice is preferred by 20%, making it the third most popular choice.
 Water is the least favoured option, with only 10% of people selecting it as their favourite.
In this pie chart, we can conclude that coffee is the top choice among the group, while water is the
least preferred. The chart visually represents the proportions of each preference, making it easy to
compare the different beverage types.
CHAPTER – 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUMMARY - The summary provides a brief recap of the entire research process. It restates the main
objectives, methodology, and key findings without introducing new information.
The goal is to give readers an overview of what was done and what was discovered in the study.
CONCLUSION - The conclusion discusses the implications of the findings and their relevance to the
research objectives. It answers the research questions and may provide recommendations based on
the study's outcomes.
The conclusion is more reflective and suggests the practical applications of the study’s results or
areas for future research.
THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION IS
Summary: A concise overview of the research, including objectives, methods, and key findings. It's a
recap of the study.
Conclusion: Reflects on the results and provides insights or recommendations. It connects the
research findings to the broader implications or next steps. Or basically how it can be improved such
as by giving suggestions or recommendations.

BIBILOGRAPHY AND APPENDICS

Bibliography - A bibliography is a list of all the sources you referenced or consulted during your
research. It includes books, journal articles, websites, and other resources. The purpose is to give
credit to the original authors and allow readers to find the sources you used for your study.
A bibliography typically follows a specific citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Here’s how
you might format it:
Example of a Bibliography
1. Book:
o Smith, J. A. (2020). Green Marketing: Principles and Practices. New York, NY:
Greentech Press.
2. Journal Article:
o Brown, L. T., & Adams, R. S. (2021). The impact of eco-labelling on consumer
behaviour. Journal of Environmental Marketing, 15(2), 123-135.
https://doi.org/10.1234/jem.2021.0234
3. Website:
 o Green Marketing Association. (2023). Sustainability in business. Retrieved from
https://www.greenmarketing.org/sustainability
Each citation provides key details (e.g., author, title, publication year) so that others can easily access
the original sources you used for your research.

APPENDICES
Appendices in a project are sections where you include additional materials that support your
research but are too detailed or lengthy to be included in the main body of the report. These materials
are referenced throughout the project and help to clarify or provide evidence for your findings.
Basically, copy of questionnaire form created.

SOME COMMONLY USED LINKS TO FIND ACCURATE INFORMATION FOR THE

PROJECT

1. Google Scholar: A broad and free tool that covers articles across disciplines, useful for initial
searches
.
2. Scopus: A multidisciplinary database that offers in-depth citation tracking and comprehensive
coverage across various fields
.
3. PubMed: Best for biomedical and life sciences research, providing access to millions of
articles
.
4. JSTOR: Offers access to scholarly journals in the humanities, social sciences, and other
disciplines
.
5. Semantic Scholar: Uses AI to help you find more relevant research, offering access to
millions of articles across fields