LIPIDS

Which of the following is NOT a major class of Unsaturated fatty acids contain:
lipids? a. No double bonds
a. Fatty acids b. At least one double bond
b. Triacylglycerols c. Only single bonds
c. Proteins d. Triple bonds
d. Steroids
Saturated fatty acids typically have:
Lipids are primarily classified based on their: a. Lower melting points than unsaturated fatty
a. Solubility in water acids
b. Solubility in non-polar solvents b. Higher melting points than unsaturated fatty
c. Molecular weight acids
d. Functional groups c. No influence on melting point
d. Random melting points
Which of the following is a saponifiable lipid?
a. Cholesterol The physical state of a fatty acid at room
b. Triacylglycerol temperature depends on its:
c. Steroid hormone a. Carbon chain length
d. Vitamin D b. Number of double bonds
c. Both a and b
Fatty acids are characterized by the presence of:
d. Molecular weight only
a. An amino group
b. A hydroxyl group Which of the following increases the fluidity of
c. A carboxyl group fatty acids in membranes?
d. A phosphate group a. Shorter chain length
b. Saturation
Which of the following fatty acids is essential in
c. Hydrogenation
the human diet?
d. Longer chain length
a. Palmitic acid
b. Stearic acid Triacylglycerols are formed by the esterification
c. Linoleic acid of glycerol with:
d. Oleic acid a. Fatty acids
b. Amino acids
c. Alcohols c. Steroids and bile salts
d. Phosphates d. Cholesterol and esters
Answer: b
The main function of triacylglycerols in the body
is to: Phospholipids are important components of:
a. Provide structural support a. Cell membranes
b. Store energy b. Hormones
c. Transport molecules c. Bile salts
d. Regulate enzymes d. Enzymes

The most common form of dietary fat is: Which of the following is a type of phospholipid?
a. Cholesterol a. Lecithin
b. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol
c. Triacylglycerols c. Sphingomyelin
d. Bile salts d. Both a and c

Which process involves the breakdown of Cholesterol is classified as a:

triacylglycerols into glycerol and free fatty acids? a. Glycerolipid
a. Hydrogenation b. Steroid
b. Hydrolysis c. Sphingolipid
c. Oxidation d. Glycolipids
d. Emulsification
Cholesterol is a precursor for:
The hardening of oils by converting unsaturated a. Triacylglycerols
fatty acids to saturated fatty acids is called: b. Steroid hormones
a. Saponification c. Phospholipids
b. Hydrogenation d. Eicosanoids
c. Esterification
d. Hydrolysis
High levels of cholesterol in the blood are
The products of saponification of a associated with:
triacylglycerol are: a. Increased risk of atherosclerosis
a. Fatty acids and glycerol b. Decreased energy storage
b. Fatty acid salts and glycerol
c. Reduced fatty acid synthesis c. Eicosanoids
d. Improved heart health d. Bile salts

Cell membranes are primarily composed of: Eicosanoids are derived from:
a. Proteins and carbohydrates a. Cholesterol
b. Lipids and proteins b. Arachidonic acid
c. Lipids only c. Glycogen
d. Nucleic acids and carbohydrates d. Steroids

Which lipid contributes to the fluidity of cell Steroid hormones are primarily produced by:
membranes? a. The adrenal glands and gonads
a. Saturated fatty acids b. The pancreas
b. Unsaturated fatty acids c. The thyroid gland
c. Trans fats d. The liver
d. Waxes
Which of the following is NOT a function of
steroid hormones?
Bile acids aid in the digestion of: a. Regulating metabolism
a. Proteins b. Maintaining electrolyte balance
b. Carbohydrates c. Catalyzing chemical reactions
c. Lipids d. Influencing reproductive functions
d. Nucleic acids
Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
Bile acids are derived from: are types of:
a. Fatty acids a. Phospholipids
b. Cholesterol b. Sphingolipids
c. Phospholipids c. Eicosanoids
d. Sphingolipids d. Steroid hormones

Eicosanoids play a key role in:

Steroid hormones include: a. Energy storage
a. Estrogen and testosterone b. Inflammatory responses
b. Triacylglycerols c. Hormone production
d. DNA replication
Arachidonic acid, the precursor for eicosanoids, absence of:
is obtained from: a. Glycerol
a. Proteins b. Fatty acids
b. Dietary fats c. Ester bonds
c. Carbohydrates d. Carbon chains
d. Nucleic acids
Examples of nonsaponifiable lipids include:
Biological waxes are formed from: a. Steroid hormones and cholesterol
a. Fatty acids and alcohols b. Triacylglycerols
b. Glycerol and fatty acids c. Phospholipids
c. Sphingosine and fatty acids d. Bile salts
d. Cholesterol derivatives
Sphingoglycolipids contain a:
Which of the following is a function of biological a. Glycerol backbone
waxes? b. Sphingosine backbone
a. Energy storage c. Steroid nucleus
b. Hormone production d. Phosphate group
c. Protection and waterproofing
Which of the following is an example of a
d. Cell signaling
sphingoglycolipid?
The wax found on plant leaves is primarily a. Ceramide
composed of: b. Cerebroside
a. Triacylglycerols c. Cholesterol
b. Sphingolipids d. Triacylglycerol
c. Long-chain fatty acid esters
Sphingoglycolipids are primarily found in:
d. Steroid derivatives
a. Plant cell walls
Which of the following lipids can be saponified? b. Nerve cell membranes
a. Cholesterol c. Blood plasma
b. Waxes d. Muscle tissue
c. Eicosanoids
The oxidation of triacylglycerols can lead to:
d. Steroid hormones
a. Hydrolysis
Nonsaponifiable lipids are characterized by the
b. Rancidity
c. Hydrogenation c. Sphingomyelin
d. Emulsification d. Lecithin

The fluid mosaic model describes:

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols during digestion is
a. The structure of cell walls
catalyzed by:
b. The dynamic nature of cell membranes
a. Lipases
c. The rigidity of lipid bilayers
b. Proteases
d. The function of lipoproteins
c. Amylases
d. Oxidases Bile acids facilitate fat digestion by:
a. Hydrolyzing fatty acids
Trans fats are created during:
b. Acting as detergents
a. Saponification
c. Catalyzing esterification
b. Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
d. Breaking peptide bonds
c. Hydrolysis of saturated fats
d. Oxidation of fatty acids Bile acids are synthesized in the:
a. Small intestine
Which type of fatty acids are considered heart-
b. Pancreas
healthy?
c. Liver
a. Saturated fatty acids
d. Stomach
b. Trans fatty acids
Answer: c
c. Omega-3 fatty acids
d. Long-chain saturated fatty acids Increased cholesterol levels in membranes lead
to:
Which lipid acts as a precursor to vitamin D in
a. Increased fluidity
the cell membrane?
b. Decreased fluidity
a. Triacylglycerol
c. No change in fluidity
b. Cholesterol
d. Immediate degradation of the membrane