CHAPTER 8

SWEDEN AND GREECE POLICE The Kingdom of Sweden is situated on the Scandinavian peninsula in the
MODELS SWEDEN northern part of Europe. With 8.9 million inhabitants and an area of 449, 964
square kilometers. It has a low population density measuring, 55.9 people per
square mile.
Sweden has a national police service, which is responsible to the Ministry
of Justice. The police ratio of officers is approximately 1 police officers per 552
citizens.

The Swedish Police Authority (SPA) National Police Academy. Tasked for the
The SPA is the central administrative authority for the police in Sweden, The Central Administration training of police officers.
responsible for law enforcement, general social order and public safety within the
country. The agency is headed by the National Police Commissioner, who is National Police Board (NPB). Set up with central administrative and National Security Service and the National Criminal Investigation
appointed by the government and has the sole responsibility for all activities of supervisory responsibility for the police service, as well as the national laboratory Department. Mandated to provide investigation and intelligence support in cases
the police. Although formally organized under the Ministry of Justice, the Swedish of forensic Science. The NBP which is headed by the National Police involving criminality with nationwide or international ramifications. Also in charge
Police is essentially autonomous, in accordance with the Constitution. The agency Commissioner is responsible for the development of new methods and of the Police Helicopter Service, National Center for Terrorist Threat, Swedish
is governed by general policy instruments and is subject to a number of sanctions technological support. police Peace Support Operations, and the Telecommunications. Finally, it operates
and oversight functions, to ensure that the Exercise of public authority is in at the local level, by providing reinforcement for police authorities as required.
compliance with regulations.

Recruitment and Training

Local Level
The Swedish police service is organized in 21 independent Police The formal requirements that must be met before one can join with the Basic training takes place at the national Police Academy, where local
Authorities, which serve the same jurisdictions as the 21 counties in Sweden. The Swedish Police are Swedish citizenship, driver's license, and the completion of universities arrange the training. The studies take 2 years at the training
size of Police Authorities varies. The largest authority is Stockholm and the level of education to be accepted at institutions of higher education. Physical and institutions. After graduation, the students are eligible to apply for 6 months off
smallest is Gotland. other various aptitude tests must also be passed. Last the suitability of the paid field training at a county police authority. After successful completion, they
The police authorities are responsible for policing at the local level, such applicant is checked in an interview with a group made up of employers and staff may apply for a post as a police officer in a Swedish police service.
as responses to emergency calls, crime investigations, and crime prevention. Their union representatives.
responsibilities also include issuing passports and various kinds of permits and
licenses.
Ranking System
▪

▪
National Police Commissioner
Police Director
▪

▪
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
GREECE HELLENIC
`The Hellenic Republic (Greece), situated in the southern part of the
▪ Deputy Police Director ▪ Inspector REPUBLIC Balkan peninsula, has a population of approximately 11 million people, an area of
▪ Police Commissioner ▪ Sergeant 131,940 square kilometers, a rather extended coastline, and numerous islands,
▪ Deputy Police Commissioner ▪ Senior Police Constable the largest of which is Crete. The capital is Athens, and the official language is
▪ Chief Superintendent ▪ Police Constable Greek. It is a country of homogeneous population, and during late 1980s and
▪ Assistant Police Commissioner ▪ Police Trainee early 1990s, a significant number of economic immigrants arrived in Greece; they
now constitute approximately 10% of the total population

Hellenic Police's staff consists of police officers and civilians. Border Guards and
The Hellenic Police Special Police Guards. Police officers can be divided into those carrying out general and
The first police bodies, Municipal Police and Gendarmerie, were organized those with special duties General assignment officers serve in all departments and
include specialist. Civilian staff can be divided into permanent staff members and those
in Greece after the country's Independence War (1821-1827) and operated until
on contact. Civilian staff members are primarily assigned administrative duties.
1906, after which the Gendarmerie remained the sole police agency. In 1920, City A specialized armed body, HP has unique hierarchy, ranks and
Police was founded and operated in fur major cities in the country. Gendarmerie organization. Its primary goal is to maintain public order, security, and civil Special police guards and Border Guard constitute specs categories of officers
and City Police amalgamated in 1984 into the Hellenic Police (HP), which is now defense while assisting Greek Armed Forces in the country's defense. Its ratio is 1 within Hellenic Police. Special Hellenic Polic Guards are primarily assigned the task of
police officer for every 206 citizens. Women constitute approximately 11% of the guarding vulnerable targe and carrying out patrol, while the Border Guards mission is to
the country's sole police agency. The jurisdiction of the HP extends to the whole
combar illegal immigration. Moreover, Almost all major Greek cities have established
of the country except for Ports and the sea, which are under the jurisdiction of total force. They occupy positions up to the rank of Police Major General but tend
bodies of Municipal Police, answerable to the City Counc and responsible for enforcing
the Coast Guard. to concentrate in the lower ranks.
specific city ordinances. Several hundred unarmed security personnel are employed by
the private secor companies to guard public and private buildings and properties.

The duration of studies is five (5) semesters for the School of Police
Organization Recruitment, Training and Promotion Lieutenants and eight (8) semesters for the School of Police Constables. During
Police recruits must be high school graduates, Greek citizens, and 18 to 26 basic training, men recruits fulfill their obligation of mandatory military service.
The Hellenic Police Chief holds the rank of Lieutenant Genent and is in years of age. They also have to satisfy specific height and body composition
requirements, as well as pass health, personality, and athletic tests. A gender During their training, police recruits receive salary and medical insurance.
charge of leading the Force. The Chief reports directly to be Minister of Interior
quota of 20% for women was annulled in 2003, and all requirements were unified After three (3) years of service, any Police Constable who is younger than the age
(formerly minister of Public Order The Chief Police is elected to serve for a two-
for both men and women. of 35 years can be promoted to Police Sergeant after passing a set of written
year term, while this period maybe extended for one year more.
examinations and being recommended for advancement by superior officers.
Depending on scores and personal preference, approximately 100 recruits
The Force's hierarchy under the Chief of Police includes: Deputy Police Promotions to other ranks are based either on seniority or merit and are decided
are admitted to the School of Police Lieutenants located in Athens; 1,100 recruits
Chief, Chief of Staff and General Inspector, with the latter also holding the rank of by police councils of varying composition depending on the ranks of officers to be
are admitted to the country's nine Police Constable Schools located in various
Lieutenant General towns and cities around the country. evaluated.
 New Police Rank
▪ Commissioner ▪ Superintendent
▪ Deputy Commissioner ▪ Chief Inspector
High-ranking police, military, firefighting, and Coast Guard personnel,
along with top-level personnel of ministries and civil service bodies, are trained in
the School of national Security in strategic and political matters of national
security. The duration of study is six (6) months.
Ranking System ▪

▪
Assistant Commissioner
Deputy Assistant Commissioner
Commander
▪

▪
Inspector
Police Warrant Officer
Police Sergeant
The School of Postgraduate Studies and Continuing Education designs and ▪ Chief Superintendent ▪ Police Officer
implements continuing education programs related to all aspects of police work.
The duration of studies varies from 1 to 6 months.

CHAPTER 9
JAPAN
Old Military Rank
▪ Police Lieutenant General ▪ Police Captain
JAPANESE AND SOUTH
▪ Police Major General ▪ Police Lieutenant KOREAN MODELS
▪ Police Brigadier General ▪ Police Second Lieutenant
▪ Police Colonel ▪ Police Warrant Officer
▪ Police Lieutenant Colonel ▪ Police Sergeant
▪ Police Major ▪ Police Constable.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

NPA's Organizational Structure

Situated east of the Korean Peninsula, Japan is an island chain between
the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan with an area of 377,835 square 1. National Public Safety Commission It exercises administrative supervision over
kilometers and a population of about 130 million people. The NPSC performs primarily as an administrative institution of the police, the National Police Agency under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister.
exercises administrative supervision over the NPA, and indirectly supervises, 2. National Police Agency The NPA is headed by a Commissioner General who is
The National Public Safety Commission (NPSC) and the National Police
prefecture police organizations through the NPA. The NPSC appoints and under the administrative supervision of the Commission, administers the agency's
Agency (NPA) constitute Japan's national police organization. The NPA performs as
dismisses the Commissioner General of the NPA and other senior officials of operations, appoints and dismisses agency employees and supervises and
a subordinate organization of the NPSC. As the central coordinating body for the
prefecture police organizations. controls prefectural police organizations within the agency's defined duties..
entire police system, the NPA determines general standards and policies. In a
national emergency or large-scale disaster, the NPA is authorized to take The NPA and prefectural police are staffed with police officers and imperial
command of prefecture police forces. guards, clerical and technical officials, and other necessary personnel. NPA admits
female police officers.
 3. Regional Police Bureaus. It exercises necessary control and supervision
Organizations attached to the NPA are: National Police Academy which Each Prefecture Government has its own police organization to carry out
provides training to senior police officers and carries out academic research; over and provides support services to prefectural police within its jurisdiction,
police duties under its jurisdiction of prefecture governors. The Prefectural Public
National Research Institute of Police Science which conducts research in forensic under the authority and orders of NPA's Commissioner General. Each RPB
Safety Commissions (PPSC) and Prefectural Police Headquarters constitute the
science and applies the result of such research in the examination and supervises and provides support to prefecture police headquarters within each
police organization and the PPSC exercise administrative supervision over the
identification of evidence collected during police investigations; and Imperial jurisdiction under the authority of the Commissioner General.
prefectural police by formulating basic policies and regulations for police
Guards Headquarters, which provides escort to the Emperor, Empress, Crown
Metropolitan Tokyo and Hokkaido prefectures are excluded from these operations. They are also authorized to issue administrative licenses for
Prince and other Imperial Family members. It is also responsible for the security
regional jurisdictions and are operated more autonomously than other local amusement business, firearm possession and driving permits.
of the Imperial Palace and other Imperial Facilities. It consists of the Imperial
Police Administration, the Imperial Security and the Imperial Escort Department forces.

Japan's Community Policing System

Four (4) Elements of Japan's Community System
1. Community-based Crime Prevention A major part of this effort is the counseling services that are an essential part of every Japanese 3. Increase Accountability to the public
police station. Counseling is sought for a broad range of problems. Police are able to provide a Police and Community are co-producers of an orderly society. Police share power with the
Police expand their perception of the community role to make the prevention of crime equal in helpful, informal conciliation. They recognize that since they are the "most pervasive" government
importance to the law enforcement component. Japan's Complex Program of Crime Prevention community they serve through a closer relation with community groups to help obtain
agency in society, advice from them can save people from agonizing steps. information, define priorities, and in planning effective strategies.
relies upon the cooperation and support of the community
2. Reorientation of Patrol Activities 4. Decentralization of Command

Japanese police are much more on crime prevention in the sense that police activity should Japanese police officers were given greater discretion to develop responses to community
resolve problems into many areas of life, to aid the community in resolving problems that could problems by having in the neighborhood police center or beat offices. This specific police
lead to disorder. response enhances police- community cooperation.

Japanese Strengths in Decentralization Ranking System

Requirements and Qualifications ▪ Commissioner General ▪ Chief Inspector
▪ a. Kobun Oyabun - a kind of student-mentor relationship between the Japanese
patrol officers and their superiors, which allows the officers a great of input into ▪ Superintendent General ▪ Inspector
decisions about local problems. NPA Candidate must be a Japanese citizen, high school graduate and shall
▪ Senior Commissioner ▪ Sergeant
undergo 1 year of police school, undergo a standardized curriculum set by Japan's
▪ b. Koban basically an urban police post or storefront offices or tiny building
NPA, and college graduate with different system from a high school graduate. ▪ Commissioner ▪ Senior Police Office (Honorary Rank of
resembling sentry stations. From a tour of duty in Koban, officers move on
▪ Assistant Commissioner Police Officer)
detective work, traffic patrol, riot police, and other specialized assignment.
▪ Superintendent ▪ Police Officer
▪ c. Chisai-san a rural officer who is required to visit each household twice per
year and works with citizens to solve problems.
 South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern half of the Korean South Korea is a republic with powers shared between the president and
Peninsula between China and Japan. It has an area of 98, 400 square kilometers the unicameral legislature. Administratively, the country is divided into nine ((9)
and a very ethnically homogeneous population of 48.3 million people. The history provinces, with seven (7) cities administered separately. The judiciary follows a
of the Korean people dates back to thousands of years B.C., and historically, continental civil law model, but criminal law procedure, ad adopted from
Koreans always maintained a distinct linguistic and cultural tradition; however, Germany and the United States, incorporates elements of the inquisitorial as well
the country has been subject to frequent invasion and attack because of its as the adversarial system
KOREA strategic location.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Structure and Operations a. In addition, there are seven (7) bureaus for:
KOREAN NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY (KNP)
▪ 1. General Affairs
The KNP is commanded by a Commissioner General, who has a Deputy and (4)
Four Director Generals who report to him. The Director Generals head the ▪ 2. Police Administration and Planning
The Korean National Police (KNP) in South Korea is centralized force, run following offices: ▪ 3. Crime Prevention
under the ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs. It was
▪ 1. Inspection ▪ 4. Criminal Investigation
restructured most recently in 1999. In 2003, it had 92, 165 officers, a ratio of 1 for
every 523 inhabitants. ▪ 2. Foreign Affairs
▪ 5. Public Security
▪ 3. Traffic Affairs
▪ 6. Intelligence
▪ 4. Information and Communication
▪ 7. National Security

b. Affiliated Institutions directly controlled c. National Police Headquarters d. Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency
by the KNP are:
As the largest police agency, it has special divisions for protection of the
▪ 1. Police University Located in Seoul, the KNP National Headquarters is consists of bureaus, offices president, national assembly, government complex, and airport, as well as Special
▪ 2. Police Comprehensive Academy and one Assistant Director General. There are fourteen (14) police agencies under Police Security, Mobile Police Corps, SWAT Team, and Criminal Affairs Mobile
the headquarters: Regiment. It also has its own separate department for Police Administration,
▪ 3. National Central Police Academy
▪ 4. Police Hospital Crime Prevention, Criminal Affairs, Traffic, Public Security, Intelligence, and
▪ a) Nine (9) Provincial Agencies in each of the provinces; and National Security.
▪ 5. Driver's Hospital
▪ 6. Forensic Institute ▪ b) Five (5) Metropolitan Police Agencies in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Inchon, and
▪ 7. National Institute of Scientific Investigation Ulsan
Training and Recruitment The Police comprehensive Academy, which trains new recruits in a 1-year
program for cadets. It also provides basic education for inspectors and assistant
There are three primary training institutions for the police, namely: inspectors (2-week courses), and specialized trainings of varying duration.
Korean National Police University known as the National Police College, Police
Comprehensive Academy, and national Central Police Academy
The Korean National Police University, which offers a 4-year educational
Maritime police officers are also trained at the academy in a basic course for
entering officers (12 weeks), and advanced education for inspectors, assistant
inspectors, and auxiliaries.
Ranking System
course with two basic tracks a regular course leading to bachelor degrees in law The National Central Police Academy is a residential facility for training
and public administration, and a police educational institute, whose graduates are new recruits and auxiliaries. New recruits are trained for 6 months in close order
appointed as police lieutenants. Likewise, it is the home to research centers on drill, physical training, preliminary education, and on-the-job training. Auxiliary
public security, anticrime policy, traffic control policy, social security policy, police forces are trained for 2 to 3 weeks, depending on their skills and intended
scientific technology, and other special research operations. deployment.

The Ranks of the KNP Police are:

▪ Commissioner General ▪ Senior Inspector
▪ Chief Superintendent General ▪ Inspector
▪ Senior Superintendent General ▪ Assistant Inspector
▪

▪
Superintendent General
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
▪

▪
Senior Police Officer
Police Officer END