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As an example, let us again consider an electric di sting of
: ipole consisting of charges +y
and~4 wih a mal separation d. The distances from the charges to a field point Pare
lesignated R, and R_, as shown in Fig. 3-13. The potential a 5
cesigated Ra ig. potential at P can be written down
if
Frey
Ifd«R,wehave fo
(3-45)
(3-46)
t.
“Fig. 3-13 An elegtric dipole,
and
1 dot d
ee (R+ fou!) =R (1; ae?) (3-47)
Substitution of Eqs, (3-46) and (3-47) in Eq, (3-45) gives
se
or
(3-48)
where p = ad. (The “approximafe” sign (~) has beea drofpped for simplicity)
The E field can be obtained fron — VV. In spherical goordinates we have
Pade is .
= Fess 802 C080 + ay sin G49)
Equation (3-49) is the same as Eq. (3-27), but has Been gbtained by a simpier pro-
cedure without manipulating ppsition vectors. é