Conversions:

 ***Know the basic metric system conversions***

 HOW MANY MILILITERS ARE IN OUNCES? 1 OUNCE= 30mL
 Know input/ output
o Input= what is being consumed
 Round to 2 decimal points; round to 1 decimal point for oral doses
 A patient had 2 ounces of milk, 8 ounces of coffee, 6 ounces of water, a bagel
with butter, and a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast. How many milliliters is
that?
o ***Only take liquid at room temperature into account***
2 ounces= 60mL
8 ounces= 240mL
6 ounces= 180mL
= 480mL
 1 tablespoon= 3 teaspoon
 1 teaspoon= 5 mL
 1 tablespoon= 15mL
 1ml= 15 drops
 2.2 lbs= 1 kilogram
 A patient weighed 180 pounds, how many kilograms do they weigh?
o 81.82 kilograms
 1 Cup= 8 ounces= 240mL
 1 ounce= 2 tablespoon
 1 pint=
 1 quart= 2 pints
 1 teaspoon= 5 mL
 1gr= 60mg or 65mg(for Tylenol or Asprin since they are pills)
 Tylenol gr 10 (roman numerals) P.O Q4o
o Tylenol and Aspirin= 325mg per tablet
o 10gr= mg
o 650 mg  2 Tablets

 Conversion Equation for distributing:

o D/H x V
o D= desired; H= have; V= volume (vehicle)
Workbook Information:
 ***Use page 31, 71 from workbook for part 1 of paper
 Include gender at birth and current
 Flat affect= no emotion; monotone
 Use page 154 from textbook for resource
 Make sure to use patients initials for write up
 Can enter weight as pounds or kilograms (but should do both for practice)
 Page 131 in textbook: BMI
o Make sure to balance out scale before you start to weigh
 Weight Circumference: hip waist ratio; more weigh
 Page 132: information on temperature

Vital Signs:
 When in doubt, do vital signs
 Temperature:
o Look to see if temperature has risen
 Fever can indicate an infection, overheated, head injury
 Tylenol will not work if related to a brain injury  use a
cooling blanket
o Lowest early in the morning or late at night
o Highest during 4pm- 6pm if on a normal schedule
o Equipment:
 Non-Mercury Based Thermometer
 Place a slip on them
 Place under tongue
 Read blue line to find out temperature
 Tempadots
 Disposable thermometers
 Tympanic Thermometer
 Placed in ear
 Temporal Artery Thermometer
 Uses the temple on the forehead
o Normal Temperature: 98.6 o F or 37o Centigrade
 Oral Centigrade normal Range: 35.8- 37.3
 Oral Fahrenheit normal range: 96.4- 99.1
 Rectal F normal: 1 degree higher than oral
 Rectal C normal: .4/.5 degree higher than oral
o Hyperthermia
o Hypothermia
 Pulse:
o A pulse is a representative of ones heart beat
 Can be taken at: Temporal artery (temples); Coratid artery
(neck); Radial Artery (wrist); brachial artery (upper arm);
Femoral Artery (top of the leg); Popliteal Artery (Behind the
knee); Petal Arteries – dorsalious petus(between the great toe
 and second toe a little higher up)/ posterior Tibial artery
( inside of ankle
 Apical Pulse (apex of the heart)
o Looking for:
 Rate:
 If it’s a regular pulse (regular rhythm) you can just feel
for 30 seconds and multiply 2
 If its an irregular pulse count full minutes  also should
use the apical pulse
 Average= 60-100 bpm for adults
 Rhythm: beat
 Force/ Quality (how powerful each contraction is)
 Force:
o Nothing= no pulse
o += Weak/thready
o ++= Normal
o +++= Full/ bounding (someone that just ran,
drank a lot of water,etc)
 Respiration: (pg:136)
o Eupnea: normal breathing
o To take respiratory rate is watch them breath (you don’t want them to
know you are taking it)
o 1 Respiratory Rate= 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation
o Neonate: 30-40 bpm
o 1 year old: 10-20
o
o
o
o Normal Adult; 10-20
o quality of breathing:
 Labored, shallow…..
 Blood Pressure
o Represents= Cardiac Output
o What are we doing?
 We are stopping the blood flow in the brachial artery and
slowly letting the blood out as we open the valve
o Systolic Pressure: the highest Number
 Right when we open the valve to let the blood out
o Diastolic Pressure: the lowest number
 Pressure at rest ( right when you stop hearing the blood
rushing)
o If you put a cuff on that is too small you can get a false high reading
o Process:
 Rest/ relax the arm ( lining up with the heart)
  Feel a pulse in the elbow lining up with the pinky and identify
the pulse
 Have the cuff line up with the inside of the elbow
 Palpation Method: Pump up the cuff up while you are still
feeling the pulse and pump until you cant feel it anymore 
add 30 to that number to know how high you need to go up to
conclude the artery
 Place stethoscope on pulse
o Arterial Line: a direct measurement of blood pressure that is
continuous
 Its an IV that is inserted directly into the vein
o Curatcough Sound:
o Dye Pressure:
o Normal BP Range:
 Optimal: less than 120/80
 Pre-hypertensive
 Systolic Range: > 120- 139
 Diastolic: > 80-89
 Hypertension Stage 1
 Systolic Range: > 140-160
 Diastolic: > 90-99
 Hypertension: Stage 2  treat right away
 Systolic Range: 160
 Diastolic: > 100

 Stethoscope:
o The Bell= frequncy
o The diagram= frequency