UNIT 6 – SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS

Date Lesson Text TOPIC Homework

Periodic Functions Hula Hoop Sheet WS 6.1

6.1
May 9 6.1
(61)

Graphing Sinusoidal Functions Complete lesson shell WS 6.2

6.2
May 13 6.2
(62)

Graphing Sinusoidal Functions II WS 6.3

6.3
May 14 6.2
(63)

Writing Equations of Sinusoidal Functions WS 6.4

6.4
May 15
(64)

Trig Equations QUIZ (6.1 – 6.3) WS 6.5

6.5
May 16
(65)

Applications of Trig Functions WS 6.6

6.6
May 17
(66)

Applications of Trig Functions II Pg. 372 # 10 – 12

6.7
May 21 Pg. 398 # 2, 3, 5, 6
(67)

Reciprocal Trig Ratios WS 6.8 # 6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 18, 19

6.8
May 22 QUIZ (6.4 – 6.6)
(68)

Review for Unit 6 Test WS 6.11

6.11
May 23
(69)

Trig Identities Pg. 310 # 2 - 5, 7abc, 8, 11

6.9
May 24 5.5
(57)

6.12
May 2 UNIT 6 TEST
(70)

Trig Identities WS 6.10

6.10
May 24 5.5
(58)

Begin Unit 7
May 27 TRIG IDENTITIES QUIZ
 MCR3U Lesson 6.1 Introduction to Periodic Functions

Freddy the Frog is riding on the circumference of a mill wheel on a

mini-putt course as it rotates counter-clockwise. He would like to
know the relationship between the angle of rotation and his height
above / below the surface of the water.

The wheel has a radius of 1 metre and

exactly half of the wheel is under water.

You can use the wheel at right as

necessary to help enter the values in
the table below.

Angle 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

(degrees)
Height
(metres)

Angle 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
(degrees)
Height
(metres)

On the grid provided, draw the graph relating the angle with the height.
height

1.5

0.5

–60 60 120 180 240 300 360 angle

–0.5

–1

–1.5

–2

The above function is ____________________ , because after one rotation ________________

__________________________________ . For this function, the part from ______ to ______ is

called a ______________ . The length of one ______________ is called the ______________ .

For the above function:

Period: _____________ Amplitude: _________________ Axis of the Curve: ________________

On the grids below sketch the function if the radius of the wheel is changed to:

height
a) 2 metres. height
b) 0.5 metres.
2 2

1 1

360 angle 360 angle

–1 –1

–2 –2

Also state the:

Amplitude: _______ Period: ________ Amplitude: _______ Period: ________

Axis of the Curve: ________________ Axis of the Curve: ________________

If it takes 24 seconds for this wheel (1 metre radius) to make a revolution, use the grid below to
sketch the graph of this function for two complete cycles. Assume that Freddie jumps on at water
level.

height
2

24 48 time

–1

–2
 On the same grid below, plot one cycle if it takes a) 12 seconds and b) 48 seconds to
make a revolution.
height

24 48 angle

For (a), state the amplitude _______, period ______, and axis of the curve____________.

For (b), state the amplitude _______, period ______, and axis of the curve____________.

If Freddy (after a spectacular leap) begins at point B instead of point A, sketch the graph
representing his path for one 24 second cycle.
height

B 1 Amplitude: __________

Period: ___________
C A

24 time Axis of Curve: _________

48

D Phase Shift: ___________

–1

How about starting at C? How about Frannie the fish, who started at D?
height height

1 1

24 time 48 24 time

–1 –1

Amplitude: __________ Amplitude: __________

Period: ___________ Period: ___________

Axis of Curve: _________ Axis of Curve: _________

Phase Shift: ___________ Phase Shift: ___________

MCR3U Working With Periodic Functions

1. For the periodic function, f, pictured below,

a) sketch the function for two more cycles.

y
4

–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

b) State the

Period. __________ Amplitude. __________ Axis of the Curve __________

Value of f(1) _____ f(7) _____ f(-7) _____ f(64) _____

2. For the periodic function, f, pictured below, state the

y
4

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

Period. __________ Amplitude. __________ Axis of the Curve __________

Value of f(2) _____ f(20) _____ f(25) _____ f(94) _____

3. For the periodic function, f, pictured at right, state the y

Period _____________ 3

1
Amplitude __________
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
–1

Axis of the Curve _______ –2

–3

–4

–5

Value of f(0) _____ f(7) _____ f(50) _____ f(93) _____

WS 6.1 plus
HW: Pg. 352 # 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
 MCR3U Lesson 6.2 Graphing Sinusoidal Functions I

In Lesson 1, we graphed the relationship of Freddie the Frog’s height on a wheel versus the
angle at which he was positioned. We will transfer this data to the table of values for the
relation y  sin  . Following the table is the graph of the relation y  sin  .


0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165
(degrees)
y 0 .26 .5 .71 .87 .97 1 .97 .87 .71 .5 .26


180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
(degrees)
y 0 -.26 -.5 -.71 -.87 -.97 -1 -.97 -.87 -.71 -.5 -.26 0
y

90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

Complete the following table of values and graph the relation y  cos  .


0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180
(degrees)
y


195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
(degrees)
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 x

y = sinx
–1
 Sinusoidal Functions: Functions transformed from the graphs of y  sin  and y  cos  .

Transformation #1: y  a sin  , y  a cos

1
On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  sin  , y  2 sin  , y  sin  .
2
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

1
On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  cos , y  2 cos , y  cos .
2
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  sin  , y   sin 

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2
 On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  cos , y  2 cos .
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

Summary (for the transformations y  a sin  and y  a cos ):

 If a  1 , there is a ____________________________________________.

 If 0  a  1 , there is a _________________________________________.

 If a  0 , there is also a ________________________________________.

 a , the “absolute value of a” is the _______________________________.

Transformation #2: y  sin   vs , y  cos  vs

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  sin  , y  sin   1 .

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  cos , y  cos  1 .

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2
 Summary (for the transformations y  sin   vs and y  cos  vs ):

 If vs  0 , there is a ____________________________________________.

 If vs  0 , there is a ____________________________________________.

Transformation #3: y  sin  ps , y  cos  ps

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  sin  , y  sin  90 .

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  cos , y  cos  45 .

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

Summary (for the transformations y  sin  ps and y  cos  ps ):

 If ps  0 , there is a ____________________________________________.

 If ps  0 , there is a ____________________________________________.

 ps represents the _______________________________ of the function.

Complete the following chart:

Function Amplitude (a) Phase Shift (ps) Vertical Shift (vs)

y  2 sin   0.5
y   cos  60
1
y  cos  2
2
y  sin  120  1
y  2 sin  45

Now graph two cycles of each of the above functions:

y  2 sin   0.5 y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

y   cos  60 y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

1
y cos  2
2 y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2
y  sin  120  1 y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

y  2 sin  45 y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

HOMEWORK 6.2 : HW: WS 6.2

Complete the following chart:

Function Amplitude (a) Phase Shift (ps) Vertical Shift (vs)

y  2 cos  1
y  3 sin  60
1
y sin   2
2
y  cos  30  1.5
y  2 sin  180  1
y  2 cos  135

On WS 6.2, graph at least one cycle of each of the above functions:

 MCR3U Lesson 6.3 Graphing Sinusoidal Functions II

Transformation #4: y  sink  , y  cosk  HW: WS 6.3

1 
On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  sin  , y  sin2  , y  sin  
2 
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

On the same axes sketch one cycle of y  cos , y  cos3  .

y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450  540 630 720

–1

–2

Summary (for the transformations y  sink  and y  cosk  ):

 If k  1 , there is a ____________________________________________.

 If 0  k  1 , there is a ____________________________________________.

Function Period Function Period

y  sin  y  cos

y  sin2  y  cos3 
1  1 
y  sin   y  cos  
2  3 
3  5 
y  sin   y  cos  
4  2 

The period of y  sin(k ) and y  cos(k ) is:

______________
 For each of the following, complete the table and sketch for 2 cycles:

Function Amplitude Period Phase Shift Vertical Shift

(a) (ps) (vs)
y  sin 2  1.5
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

Function Amplitude Period Phase Shift Vertical Shift

(a) (ps) (vs)
y  2 cos3  180
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2

Function Amplitude Period Phase Shift Vertical Shift

(a) (ps) (vs)
sin2  120  1
1
y
2
y

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 

–1

–2
MCR3U Lesson 6.4 Finding the Equation of a Sinusoidal Function

The general equation of the sine function is y  a sin k x  p.s.  v.s. , where the amplitude is a, the
360 360
phase shift is p.s. and the period is . Note that since period  , therefore k  .
k k
1. Find the equation of the following sine functions:

a) amplitude = 2, period = 360 , phase shift = 30

b) amplitude = 3, period = 180 , phase shift = 45

1
c) amplitude = , period = 540 , phase shift = 0
2

d) amplitude = 2, period = 90 , phase shift = 180

2. For each graph shown, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift; then state the defining
equation of the sine function. y
3

a) amplitude: 2

period: 1
1

phase shift:
 –180 180 360 
–1
–1

equation: –2

–3

y
3

b) amplitude:
2

period: 1
1

phase shift:
 –180 180 360 
–1
–1
equation:
–2

–3

c) amplitude: 1.5

1
1
period:
0.5
phase shift:
 –180 180 360 
–0.5
equation:
–1
–1

–1.5
 y
3

d) amplitude: 1
1

period: 
 –180 180 360
–1
–1
phase shift:
–2

–3
equation:

3. For each of the graphs shown in #3, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift; then state the
defining equation of the cosine function.
y
3
a) amplitude:
2
period:
1
1

phase shift:
 –180 180 360 
–1
–1

equation: –2

–3

y
3
b) amplitude:
2

period: 1
1

phase shift:
 –180 180 360 
–1
–1

equation: –2

–3

1.5

c) amplitude: 1
1

period: 0.5

phase shift:  –180 180 360 

–0.5

–1
–1
equation:
–1.5

y
3

d) amplitude: 2

1
1
period:

phase shift:  –180 180 360 

–1
–1

–2
equation:
–3
 4. For each of the graphs shown in #4, determine the amplitude, period, and phase shift; then state the
defining equation of the either the sine or the cosine function, (whichever is more appropriate).

a) amplitude: y

3
period:
2

phase shift: 1

axis of the curve:

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 x

–1
equation:
–2

–3
y

3
b) amplitude:
2
period:
1
phase shift:

axis of the curve: –180 –90 90 180 270 360 x

–1

–2
equation:
–3

y
c) amplitude: 3

period: 2

phase shift:
1

axis of the curve:

–180 –90 90 180 270 360 x

–1

equation:
–2

–3
y

d) amplitude: 3

period: 2

phase shift: 1

axis of the curve: x

–180 –90 90 180 270 360

–1

–2
equation:
HW: WS 6.4
–3
MCR3U Lesson 6.5 Solving Trigonometric Equations

1. Solve each equation for 0    360  .

1 2
a) sin   b) tan    3 c) cos 
2 5

2. Solve each equation for 0    360  .

a) 2 sin 2   sin   1  0 b) cos2   2 cos  0

3. Solve each equation for 0    360  .

a) cos2  0 b) 2 sin 2  1

4. Solve each equation for 0    360  .

a) sin  0.8988 b) sin 2  40  .8988

1
c) 3 cos   0.78
2

HW: WS 6.5
MCR3U Lesson 6.6 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions

1. A weight is supported by a spring. The weight rests 50 cm above a tabletop. The

weight is pulled down 20 cm and released at time t = 0. This creates a periodic up-
and-down motion. It takes 1.6s for the weight to return to the low position each
time.

Sketch a graph of the height of the weight above the tabletop against time.

h
Assuming a sinusoidal relationship
100

between height and time, write an

80
equation relating height, h, and time, t.
60

40

20

1 2 3 4 t

a) What will be the height of the weight after

i) 2.8 seconds? ii) 12.5 seconds

b) At what time will the height of the weight be 60 cm?

 2. The depth of water in a bay varies according to the tides. A pole is placed in the
water to measure the water’s depth. At high tide (midnight) the water at the pole
is 12 m deep. At low tide the water at the pole is 2 m deep. Assume that the tides
run in a 12 hour sinusoidal cycle.

a) How deep is the water at the pole at 3:00 a.m?

b) How deep is the water at the pole at 4:45 p.m?
c) At what times during the day will the depth of the water be 10 m?

14

13

12

11

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 h

HW: WS 6.6
 MCR 3U Lesson 6.7 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions II

Ex.

1.2

1.1

Proportion 1

0.9
of Moon Visible
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

x
Day of Year
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56

Pg. 372 # 10 – 12 and Pg. 398 # 2, 3, 5, 6

 MCR 3U Lesson/WS 6.8 Reciprocal Trigonometric Ratios

Ex. 1. The point Q(–9, 11) lies on the terminal arm of . Calculate:

a) cosecant  b) secant  c) cotangent 

3
Ex. 2.  is a third quadrant angle, and tan  = . Find the reciprocal trig values.
4

1
Ex. 3.  is a first quadrant angle. If cos  = , find sec .
5

Ex. 4. Draw each angle in standard position. Calculate the other reciprocal trig ratios of each angle.

13 17
a) sec  =  ,  in 3rd quadrant b) csc  =  ,  in 4th quadrant
12 8

17
Ex. 5.  is a 2nd quadrant angle and csc  = . Find a value for 2sin  + 3cos .
15
 Ex. 6 Find , to the nearest degree, for each of the following. 0    90 

a) cot   0.8391 b) csc   1.3478

Ex. 7 Find , to the nearest degree, for each of the following. 0    360 

a) sec   1.8527 b) cot   0.9391

Ex. 8 Find the value of each of the following, correct to 3 decimal places.

a) csc 241  b) sec 333  c) cot 173 

HW: WS 6.8 # 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WS 6.8

6. For each angle, a point on the terminal arm is shown. Calculate the reciprocal trig ratios.

a) b)
(–3, 5) •

 

 • (–3, –2)
(–2, –3) •

17
7.  is an angle in the 2nd quadrant and csc  = .
15
a) Draw  in standard position and label a point on the terminal arm.
b) Find the value of sec  and cot .

25
8. Given that sec  =  , a) In which quadrants can the terminal arm be placed?
7
b) Draw a diagram for each case in a).
c) Calculate the trig ratios of csc .

12 25
9. a) Given that cot  =  . Find 2 values of sin . b) For sec  =  , find tan .
5 7
10. Draw a sketch of –225° in standard position and calculate the reciprocal trig values of –225°.

11. Calculate the exact value of each of the following.

a) sec (–30°) b) cot 330° c) sec (–45°) d) csc 240° e) csc (–495°)

f) csc 315°• sin (–120°) • cot 225°

12. For each of the following, 0    360 . Find the possible values of .

a) cot  = 1 b) csc  =  2 c) sec  = –2

13. Find the value of each of the following correct to 4 decimal places.

a) csc 45° b) sec 47° c) cot 45° d) csc 54° e) cot 54° f) csc 51° g) sec ( – 57°) h) cot (–172°)

14. As  increases from 45° to 54° does the value of each of the following increase or decrease? Explain.

a) csc  b) sec  c) cot 

15. Find , to the nearest degree, for each of the following. 0    90 

a) cot  = 0.8391 b) sec  = 1.6243 c) sec  = 1.4718 d) csc  = 1.3478 e) cot  = 0.9391

16. For each , the quadrant is given. Find the value of , 0     360 .

a) csc  = –1.1547 , III b) sec  = 1.7434 , I

17. Find two possible values for  for each of the following 0     360 .

a) sec  = 1.0785 b) cot  = –0.2309 c) csc  = 1.1829

18. Without referring to the tables of trigonometric values or using your calculator, which of the following
are false, for 0    90 ? Give reasons for your answer.

a) cos  = 3.2151 b) tan  = 0.2151 c) cot  = 1.2151 d) sec  = 0.2151 e) sin  = -2.2151 f) csc  = 5.2151

Answers

202 202 9 5 5 4 13 12
1. a) b)  c)  2. a) csc   b) sec   c) co t  3. sec  5 4. a) csc   , co t 
11 9 11 3 4 3 5 5
17 15 6 34 34 3 13 13 2
b) sec  , co t   5. 6. a) csc  . sec   , cot   b) csc   . sec    , cot 
15 8 17 5 3 5 3 2 3
13 13 3 17 8 25 5
c) csc   . sec    , cot  7. a) (–8, 15) b) sec   , co t   8. a) II, III b)  9. a) sin  
2 3 2 8 15 24 13
24 2 2 6
b) tan    10. csc  2 . sec   2 , cot  1 11. a) b)  3 c) 2 d)  e)  2 f)
12. a) 45°, 225°
7 3 3 2
b) 225°, 315° c) 120°, 240° 13. a) 1.4142 b) 1.4663 c) 1.0000 d) 1.2361 e) 0.7265 f) 1.2868 g) 1.8361 h) 7.1154

14. a) D b) I c) D 15. a) 50° b) 52° c) 47° d) 48° e) 47° 16. a) 240° b) 55° 17. a) 22°, 338° b) 103°, 283° c) 58°, 122° 18. ade
 MCR3U Lesson 6.9 Trigonometric Identities

The Pythagorean Identities: sin 2   cos 2   1 The Reciprocal Identities:

1 1
sin 2   1  cos 2  csc   sin  
sin  csc
1 1
cos 2   1  sin 2  sec   cos 
cos sec 
1 1
cot    cot  
tan  tan 
sin 
The Quotient Identities: tan  
cos

cos
cot  
sin 
Strategies that may help prove trigonometric identities:

1. Move from the complex to the simple. Sometimes 2. Express functions in terms of sin x and cos x.
you may simplify both sides at the same time to get
the same expression. Ex2: Prove cos θ tan θ  sin θ

Ex1: Prove cos x  (1 sin x)(1 sin x) . L.S .  cos θ tan θ
2

Start with the R.S. and make it equal the L.S. sin θ
 cos θ
R.S.  (1 sinx)(1 sin x) cos θ
 sin θ
  1 sin x  sin x  sin2 x
 R.S .
 1 sin2 x
 cos2 x
 L.S.
3. Look for squares and use the Pythagorean identities. 4. Algebraic manipulations of distribution (expanding), factoring,
and creating common denominators may allow cancellations in
Ex3: Prove that sin6   (1 cos2  )3 order to get to simpler expressions.

Ex4: Prove that (sin  cos )  (sin  cos )  2 .
2 2
R.S.  (1 cos2  ) 3

 (sin  )
2 3
L.S .  sin 2 β  2 sin β cos β  cos 2 β  sin 2 β  2 sin β cos β  cos 2 β
 sin6 
 2 sin 2 β  2 cos 2 β

 L.S.
 2(sin 2 β  cos 2 β)
 2(1)
2


5. The most important strategies of all are patience, perseverance and ingenuity. If you
get stuck, start again with a different outlook and plan. Good Luck!
1. Simplify each of the following, writing in terms of sin and/or cos .

1 tan 
a) 1 cos2  b) c)
tan  sin 

cos 2  1  sin 2  1  sin 2 

d) e) f)
tan 2  cos  1  sin 

2. Prove each of the following identities.

sin 2 
a) 1  sin 2  
tan 2 
 sin 2   cos 2   1 1 
b)  sin  cos    
sin   cos   sin  cos  

sin  1 1
c)   d) cot 2   1  csc 2 
1  cos tan  sin 

Pg. 310 # 2 - 5, 7abc, 8, 11