No.

of Printed Pages : 8 BPHCT-137

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.)

(BSCG)
Term-End Examination
December, 2021

BPHCT-137 : WAVES AND OPTICS

Time : 2 hours Maximum Marks : 50

Note : All questions are compulsory. Internal choices are
given. Marks allotted to each question are indicated
against it. You may use a calculator. Symbols have
their usual meanings.

1. Attempt any five parts : 52=10

(a) Write any two differences between

mechanical waves and electromagnetic
waves.
(b) Is it correct to say that in a standing wave
formed on a string fixed at both ends, we
observe nodes at the fixed ends ? Justify
your answer.
(c) How does the fringe width of interference
fringes in Young’s Double-Slit experiment
vary with the wavelength of the light used ?
(d) List any two applications of Michelson
interferometer.

BPHCT-137 1 P.T.O.
 (e) What is the difference between the
experimental set-ups used for observing
Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction ?
(f) What is the path difference between the
waves emanating from two consecutive half
period elements ?
(g) List the three essential components required
for laser operation.
(h) State any two applications of lasers.
2. Attempt any two parts : 25=10

(a) Determine the frequencies of the

fundamental mode and the next two
harmonics of the standing wave that can be
set up on a sitar string of length 1·0 m. Take
the speed of waves on the string to be
2·5  103 ms–1.

(b) The electric field associated with a light

wave propagating in vacuum is given as

E = {(28 NC–1) sin [(1·0 m–1) z
^
+ (3·0  108 s–1) t]} y

Determine the wavelength and frequency of

the light wave and its direction of
propagation.
(c) What is a Nicol prism ? Discuss how linearly
polarised light is obtained using a Nicol
prism. 1+4

BPHCT-137 2
3. Attempt any two parts : 25=10

(a) If two waves of the same frequency having

constant phase difference  travelling in the
same direction are superposed, show that
the expression for the intensity of the
resultant wave is given by :
I = a 12 + a 22 + 2a1a2 cos 

where a1 and a2 are the amplitudes of the

two waves.
(b) Discuss the conditions under which
(i) fringes of equal inclination, and
(ii) fringes of equal thickness are obtained.
(c) With the help of an appropriate line
diagram, discuss the working of Michelson
interferometer.
4. Attempt any two parts : 25=10

(a) Show that a zone plate acts like a converging

lens.
(b) In the experimental set-up for observing
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a vertical
slit of width 0·2 mm, the focal length of the
lens kept between the slit and the screen is
25 cm. Calculate the diffraction angles of the
first and third minima on the screen. Take
the value of  = 6000 Å.
(c) Calculate the maximum number of principal
maxima that can be formed with a grating
having 2500 lines per cm for light of
wavelength 5000 Å.

BPHCT-137 3 P.T.O.
5. Attempt any two parts : 25=10

(a) What is four-level optical pumping in case of

lasers ? Explain its importance in laser
operation. 3+2

(b) Light of wavelength 500 nm has wavetrain

20  long. Calculate its coherence length and
coherence time. 3+2

(c) State any five advantages of using optical

fibre as communication medium. 5

BPHCT-137 4
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g_` : 2 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 50

ZmoQ> : g^r àíZ A{Zdm`© h¢ & Am§V[aH$ {dH$ën {XE JE h¢ & àË`oH$
àíZ Ho$ A§H$ CgHo$ gm_Zo {XE JE h¢ & Amn H¡$ëHw$boQ>a H$m
Cn`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢ & àVrH$m| Ho$ AnZo gm_mÝ` AW© h¢ &

1. H$moB© nm±M ^mJ H$s{OE : 52=10

(H$) `m§{ÌH$ Va§Jm| Am¡a {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§Jm| _| H$moB© Xmo

A§Va {b{IE &
(I) Š`m `h H$hZm ghr h¡ {H$ XmoZm| {gam| na ~±Yr hþB© EH$
S>moar na {Z{_©V AàJm_r Va§J _| S>moar Ho$ ~Õ (fixed)
{gam| na {Zñn§X ào{jV hmoVm h¡ ? AnZo CÎma H$s nw{îQ>
H$s{OE &
(J) `§J Ho$ {Û-aoIm{N>Ð à`moJ _| ì`{VH$aU {\«$ÝOm| _|
{\«$ÝO H$s Mm¡‹S>mB©, à`wº$ àH$me Ho$ Va§JX¡¿`© Ho$ gmW
{H$g àH$ma n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡ ?
(K) _mBH$bgZ ì`{VH$aU_mnr Ho$ H$moB© Xmo AZwà`moJ
gyMr~Õ H$s{OE &
BPHCT-137 5 P.T.O.
 (L>) µ\o$Zb Am¡a \«$mCZhmo\$a {ddV©Z ào{jV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
à`wº$ àm`mo{JH$ ì`dñWmAm| _| Š`m A§Va hmoVm h¡ ?
(M) Xmo H«$_mJV AY© AmdV©Z VÎdm| go {ZJ©V Va§Jm| Ho$ ~rM
nWm§Va H$m _mZ {H$VZm hmoVm h¡ ?
(N>) boga àMmbZ Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ VrZ A{Zdm`© KQ>H$m|
H$mo gyMr~Õ H$s{OE &
(O) boga Ho$ H$moB© Xmo AZwà`moJ ~VmBE &

2. H$moB© Xmo ^mJ H$s{OE : 25=10

(H$) {H$gr {gVma H$s 1·0 m b§~r Vma na CËnÞ H$s Om

gH$Zo dmbr AàJm_r Va§J H$s _yb {dYm VWm AJbo
Xmo g§Zm{X`m| H$s Amd¥{Îm`m± n[aH${bV H$s{OE &
_mZ br{OE {H$ Vma na Va§J H$s Mmb H$m _mZ
2·5  103 ms–1 h¡ &

(I) {Zdm©V _| g§M[aV àH$me Va§J go g§~Õ {dÚwV²-joÌ

{X`m J`m h¡ :

E = {(28 NC–1) sin [(1·0 m–1) z
^
+ (3·0  108 s–1) t]} y

àH$me Va§J H$m Va§JX¡¿`© Am¡a Amd¥{Îm VWm CgH$s

g§MaU {Xem {ZYm©[aV H$s{OE &
(J) {ZH$m°b {àµÁ_ Š`m hmoVm h¡ ? {ddoMZm H$s{OE {H$
{ZH$m°b {àµÁ_ H$m Cn`moJ H$a a¡{IH$V: Y«w{dV àH$me
{H$g àH$ma àmßV {H$`m OmVm h¡ & 1+4

BPHCT-137 6
3. H$moB© Xmo ^mJ H$s{OE : 25=10

(H$) `{X g_mZ Amd¥{Îm Am¡a {Z`V H$bm§Va  dmbr Xmo

Va§J| EH$ hr {Xem _| g§M[aV h¢, Am¡a CZH$mo
AÜ`mamo{nV {H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo {gÕ H$s{OE {H$
n[aUm_r Va§J H$s Vrd«Vm H$m ì`§OH$ {ZåZdV² hmoJm :
I = a 12 + a 22 + 2a1a2 cos 

Ohm± a1 VWm a2 BZ Xmo Va§Jm| Ho$ Am`m_ h¢ &

(I) g_mZ PwH$md dmbo q\«$O, Am¡a (ii) g_mZ _moQ>mB©
(i)
dmbo q\«$Om| H$mo àmßV H$aZo Ho$ à{V~§Ym| H$s MMm©
H$s{OE &$
(J) Cn`wº$ aoIm{MÌ H$s ghm`Vm go _mBH$bgZ
ì`{VH$aU_mnr H$s H$m`©àUmbr H$s MMm© H$s{OE &

4. H$moB© Xmo ^mJ H$s{OE : 25=10

(H$) {gÕ H$s{OE {H$ OmoZ-n{Å>H$m A{^gmar b|g H$s ^m±{V

ì`dhma H$aVr h¡ &
(I) 0·2 mm Mm¡‹S>mB© dmbo EH$b (D$Üd©) aoIm{N>Ð H$m
\«$mCZhmo\$a {ddV©Z n¡Q>Z© ào{jV H$aZo H$s àm`mo{JH$
ì`dñWm _| aoIm{N>Ð Am¡a naXo Ho$ ~rM aIo b|g H$s
\$moH$g Xÿar 25 cm h¡ & naXo na nhbo Am¡a Vrgao
{ZpåZîR>m| Ho$ {ddV©Z H$moU n[aH${bV H$s{OE &
 = 6000 Å _mZ br{OE &
(J) 5000 Å Va§JX¡¿`© Ho$ àH$me go àXrßV à{V cm
2500 aoImAm| dmbo J«oqQ>J Ho$ {ddV©Z n¡Q>Z© _| ào{jV
_w»` C{ƒîR>m| H$s A{YH$V_ g§»`m n[aH${bV
H$s{OE &
BPHCT-137 7 P.T.O.
5. H$moB© Xmo ^mJ H$s{OE : 25=10

(H$) bogam| _| Mma-ñVar` àH$m{eH$ n§nZ Š`m hmoVm h¡ ?

boga àMmbZ _| BgHo$ _hÎd H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 3+2

(I) 500 nm Va§JX¡¿`© dmbo àH$me H$s Va§Jmd{b 20 

b§~r h¡ & BgH$s H$bmg§~ÕVm bå~mB© Am¡a
H$bmg§~ÕVm g_` n[aH${bV H$s{OE & 3+2

(J) g§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| àH$m{eH$ V§Vw Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$
H$moB© nm±M bm^ ~VmBE & 5

BPHCT-137 8