សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
មហាវិទ&'ល័យ ព័ត៌មានវិទ&' និងវិទ&'សា2ស្ត
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLGOY AND SCIENCE
្របឡងឆមាស ឆា)*ំទី III ឆមាសទី I
មុខវិជា4*៖ Mobile App Development I
សរុប ១០ពិន្ទ< រយៈេពល ៩០នាទី
I. String
Lab 1: String Basics and Interpolation
void main() {
String greeting = "Hello";
String name = "World";
print(greeting + ", " + name + "!"); // Concatenation
print("$greeting, $name!"); // Interpolation (preferred)
print('${greeting.toUpperCase()}, ${name.toLowerCase()}!'); // Expression interpolation
// Exercise: Create a string that says "My name is [your name] and I am [your age] years
old." using interpolation.
}
Lab 2: String Length and Indexing
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
1
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
void main() {
String message = "Dart is fun!";
print("Length: ${message.length}");
print("First character: ${message[0]}");
print("Last character: ${message[message.length - 1]}");
// Exercise: Print the middle character of the string. Handle both even and odd length
strings.
}
Lab 3: String Methods (toUpperCase, toLowerCase, trim)
void main() {
String mixedCase = "HeLlO wOrLd";
String withSpaces = " Dart ";
print("Uppercase: ${mixedCase.toUpperCase()}");
print("Lowercase: ${mixedCase.toLowerCase()}");
print("Trimmed: '${withSpaces.trim()}'"); // Show the effect of trim
// Exercise: Create a function that takes a string and returns it with the first letter
capitalized.
}
Lab 4: String Splitting and Joining
void main() {
String sentence = "Dart is a great language";
List<String> words = sentence.split(" ");
print("Words: $words");
String joinedSentence = words.join("-");
print("Joined sentence: $joinedSentence");
// Exercise: Split a comma-separated string into a list of items.
}
Lab 5: String Contains and Substring
void main() {
String text = "This is a Dart string";
print("Contains 'Dart': ${text.contains("Dart")}");
print("Contains 'Python': ${text.contains("Python")}");
print("Substring: ${text.substring(10)}"); // From index 10 to the end
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
2
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
print("Substring: ${text.substring(0, 4)}"); // From index 0 to 4 (exclusive)
// Exercise: Check if a string starts with a specific prefix.
}
Lab 6: String Comparison
void main() {
String str1 = "apple";
String str2 = "Apple";
String str3 = "apple";
print("str1 == str2: ${str1 == str2}"); // Case-sensitive comparison
print("str1 == str3: ${str1 == str3}");
print("str1.compareTo(str2): ${str1.compareTo(str2)}"); // Case-sensitive comparison,
returns -1, 0, or 1
// Exercise: Compare two strings ignoring case.
}
Lab 7: String Replacement
void main() {
String message = "I love Java";
String newMessage = message.replaceAll("Java", "Dart");
print(newMessage);
String replacedFirst = message.replaceFirst("a", "o");
print(replacedFirst);
// Exercise: Replace all occurrences of a specific character in a string with another
character.
}
II. Number data types (`int`, `double`, `num`)
Lab 1: Integer Basics
void main() {
int age = 30;
int score = 100;
int largeNumber = 1234567890;
print("Age: $age");
print("Score: $score");
print("Large Number: $largeNumber");
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
3
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
// Exercise: Declare an integer variable to store the number of days in a year.
}
Lab 2: Double Basics
void main() {
double price = 99.99;
double pi = 3.14159;
double temperature = 25.5;
print("Price: $price");
print("Pi: $pi");
print("Temperature: $temperature");
// Exercise: Declare a double variable to store the average rainfall in a month.
}
Lab 3: Arithmetic Operations
void main() {
int x = 10;
int y = 3;
double a = 7.0;
double b = 2.0;
print("x + y = ${x + y}");
print("x - y = ${x - y}");
print("x * y = ${x * y}");
print("x / y = ${x / y}"); // Integer division
print("a / b = ${a / b}"); // Double division
print("x % y = ${x % y}"); // Modulo (remainder)
// Exercise: Calculate the average of three numbers (int and/or double).
}
Lab 4: Integer Division vs. Double Division
void main() {
int x = 10;
int y = 3;
print("Integer division (x ~/ y): ${x ~/ y}"); // Integer division (truncates)
print("Double division (x / y): ${x / y}");
// Exercise: Explain the difference in the results of integer and double division.
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
4
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Lab 5: Type Conversion (Parsing)
void main() {
String intStr = "123";
int intValue = int.parse(intStr);
print("Int value: $intValue");
String doubleStr = "3.14159";
double doubleValue = double.parse(doubleStr);
print("Double value: $doubleValue");
// Handling potential errors
try {
int invalidInt = int.parse("abc");
print(invalidInt); // This won't be executed due to the exception
} catch (e) {
print("Error parsing: $e");
}
// Exercise: Convert a string representing a price (e.g., "$99.99") to a double. Handle the
"$" character.
}
Lab 6: num Type
void main() {
num myNumber = 10; // Can be int
print("Initial type: ${myNumber.runtimeType}");
myNumber = 3.14; // Now it's a double
print("Changed type: ${myNumber.runtimeType}");
// Exercise: Perform arithmetic operations with num variables that hold different numeric
types.
}
Lab 7: Mathematical Functions (dart:math)
import 'dart:math';
void main() {
print("Square root of 16: ${sqrt(16)}");
print("Power of 2 to 3: ${pow(2, 3)}");
print("Maximum of 10 and 20: ${max(10, 20)}");
print("Minimum of 10 and 20: ${min(10, 20)}");
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
5
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
print("Rounding 3.7: ${3.7.round()}");
// Exercise: Calculate the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle using the Pythagorean
theorem (a² + b² = c²).
}
III. Type Conversion
Lab 1: String to Integer Conversion
void main() {
String strNum = "123";
int num = int.parse(strNum);
print("String: $strNum, Integer: $num");
// Exercise: Convert "456" to an int and add it to the previous 'num' value.
}
Lab 2: String to Double Conversion
void main() {
String strDouble = "3.14159";
double doubleNum = double.parse(strDouble);
print("String: $strDouble, Double: $doubleNum");
// Exercise: Convert "2.718" to a double and multiply it by 'doubleNum'.
}
Lab 3: Integer to String Conversion
void main() {
int num = 42;
String strNum = num.toString();
print("Integer: $num, String: $strNum");
// Exercise: Convert the result of a mathematical operation (e.g., 10 * 5) to a string.
}
Lab 4: Double to String Conversion
void main() {
double pi = 3.14159;
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
6
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
String strPi = pi.toStringAsFixed(2); // Format to 2 decimal places
print("Double: $pi, String: $strPi");
// Exercise: Convert a double to a string with 3 decimal places.
}
Lab 5: Handling Parsing Errors (try-catch)
void main() {
String invalidNum = "abc";
try {
int num = int.parse(invalidNum);
print("Parsed number: $num"); // This will not execute if parsing fails
} catch (e) {
print("Error parsing '$invalidNum': $e");
}
String invalidDouble = "xyz";
try {
double doubleNum = double.parse(invalidDouble);
print("Parsed number: $doubleNum"); // This will not execute if parsing fails
} catch (e) {
print("Error parsing '$invalidDouble': $e");
}
// Exercise: Try parsing a string that might contain non-numeric characters (e.g., "123$").
Handle the exception.
}
Lab 6: Converting to `num`
void main() {
String numStr = "10";
num number = num.parse(numStr);
print("Num (from int string): $number, Type: ${number.runtimeType}");
numStr = "3.14";
number = num.parse(numStr);
print("Num (from double string): $number, Type: ${number.runtimeType}");
// Exercise: Parse a string that could be either an integer or a double and handle both
cases.
}
Lab 7: Boolean Conversions
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
7
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
void main() {
String strTrue = "true";
String strFalse = "false";
bool isTrue = strTrue.toLowerCase() == "true"; // Case-insensitive comparison
bool isFalse = strFalse.toLowerCase() == "true";
print("String 'true' to bool: $isTrue");
print("String 'false' to bool: $isFalse");
// Exercise: Convert a string like "1" or "0" to a boolean (treating "1" as true and "0" as
false).
}
IV. Null safety
Lab 1: Declaring Nullable Variables
void main() {
String? name; // Nullable String
int? age; // Nullable int
double? price; // Nullable double
bool? isActive; // Nullable bool
print("Name: $name"); // Output: null
print("Age: $age"); // Output: null
print("Price: $price");
print("Is Active: $isActive");
// Exercise: Declare a nullable List of integers and a nullable Map of String to dynamic.
}
Lab 2: Checking for Null (if null)
void main() {
String? message;
if (message != null) {
print("Message: $message");
} else {
print("Message is null.");
}
message = "Hello!";
if (message != null) {
print("Message: $message");
}
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
8
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
// Exercise: Create a nullable int and print its value only if it's not null.
}
Lab 3: Null-Coalescing Operator (??)
void main() {
String? message;
String displayMessage = message ?? "No message provided.";
print(displayMessage); // Output: No message provided.
message = "Hello!";
displayMessage = message ?? "No message provided.";
print(displayMessage); // Output: Hello!
int? score;
int finalScore = score ?? 0; //Default value if null
print(finalScore);
// Exercise: Use the null-coalescing operator to provide a default value for a nullable int.
}
Lab 4: Null-Assignment Operator (??=)
void main() {
String? message;
message ??= "Default message"; // Assigns "Default message" only if message is null.
print(message); // Output: Default message
message ??= "Another message"; // message is not null so this does nothing
print(message); // Output: Default message
// Exercise: Use the null-assignment operator to assign a default value to a nullable List
only if it's null.
}
Lab 5: Non-Nullable by Default
void main() {
String message = "Hello"; // Non-nullable String
// message = null; // Compile-time error: A value of type 'Null' can't be assigned to a
variable of type 'String'.
int age = 25; // Non-nullable int
// age = null; // Compile-time error
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
9
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
// Exercise: Try assigning null to non-nullable variables of different types and observe the
compile-time errors.
}
V. `var` keyword in Dart
1. Basic Type Inference:
void main() {
var name = "Alice"; // Inferred as String
var age = 30; // Inferred as int
var price = 99.99; // Inferred as double
print("Name: $name (${name.runtimeType})");
print("Age: $age (${age.runtimeType})");
print("Price: $price (${price.runtimeType})");
}
2. List and Map Literals:
void main() {
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; // Inferred as List<int>
var fruits = <String>["apple", "banana", "orange"]; // Explicit type argument
var person = {"name": "Bob", "age": 25}; // Inferred as Map<String, Object> or Map<String,
dynamic>
var mixedList = <dynamic>[1, "Hello", 3.14];
print("Numbers: $numbers (${numbers.runtimeType})");
print("Fruits: $fruits (${fruits.runtimeType})");
print("Person: $person (${person.runtimeType})");
print("Mixed List: $mixedList (${mixedList.runtimeType})");
}
3. Type Inference with Expressions:
void main() {
var x = 10;
var y = 3.14;
var result = x + y; // Inferred as double (because of the double operand)
print("Result: $result (${result.runtimeType})");
}
4. `var` in Loops:
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
10
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
void main() {
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
print("Iteration: $i");
}
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"];
for (var fruit in fruits) {
print("Fruit: $fruit");
}
}
5. `var` in Functions (Local Variables):
String greet(var name) { // Parameter type is dynamic if not specified
var greeting = "Hello, $name!"; // Inferred as String
return greeting;
}
void main() {
var message = greet("MAD"); // Inferred as String
print(message);
}
VI. `const` keyword in Dart
1. Basic `const` Declaration:
void main() {
const String greeting = "Hello";
const int age = 30;
const double pi = 3.14159;
const bool isTrue = true;
print("Greeting: $greeting");
print("Age: $age");
print("Pi: $pi");
print("Is True: $isTrue");
// greeting = "Hi"; // Compile-time error: Cannot reassign a const variable.
}
2. Type Inference with `const`:
void main() {
const message = "Dart is awesome!"; // Inferred as String
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
11
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
const number = 42; // Inferred as int
const price = 99.99; // Inferred as double
print("Message: $message (${message.runtimeType})");
print("Number: $number (${number.runtimeType})");
print("Price: $price (${price.runtimeType})");
}
3. Compile-Time Constants (Crucial Concept):
void main() {
const sum = 10 + 20; // Valid: Calculation at compile time
const product = 5 * 3; // Valid: Calculation at compile time
const message = "Hello " + "World"; // Valid: String concatenation at compile time
print("Sum: $sum");
print("Product: $product");
print("Message: $message");
// final now = DateTime.now();
// const time = now; // Invalid: now() is a runtime value
// const input = stdin.readLineSync(); // Invalid: User input is a runtime value
}
4. `const` Lists and Sets:
void main() {
const numbers = [1, 2, 3]; // Creates a const List<int> (unmodifiable)
// numbers.add(4); // Error: Cannot modify an unmodifiable list
const fruits = <String>["apple", "banana"]; // Explicit type argument
// fruits[0] = "grape"; // Error: Cannot modify an unmodifiable list
const uniqueNumbers = {1, 2, 3}; // Creates a const Set<int> (unmodifiable)
// uniqueNumbers.add(4); // Error: Cannot modify an unmodifiable set
print("Numbers: $numbers");
print("Fruits: $fruits");
print("Unique Numbers: $uniqueNumbers");
}
5. `const` vs. `final`:
void main() {
const compileTimeConstant = 10; // Value known at compile time
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
12
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
final runTimeConstant = DateTime.now(); // Value known at runtime
print("Compile-time constant: $compileTimeConstant");
print("Run-time constant: $runTimeConstant");
}
VII. `final` keyword in Dart
1. Basic `final` Declaration:
void main() {
final String name = "SOK";
final int age = 30;
final double pi = 3.14159;
print("Name: $name");
print("Age: $age");
print("Pi: $pi");
// name = "Bob"; // Compile-time error: Final variables can only be set once.
}
2. Type Inference with `final`:
void main() {
final message = "Dart is cool!"; // Inferred as String
final number = 123; // Inferred as int
final price = 49.95; // Inferred as double
print("Message: $message (${message.runtimeType})");
print("Number: $number (${number.runtimeType})");
print("Price: $price (${price.runtimeType})");
}
3. Runtime Initialization:
import 'dart:math';
void main() {
final currentTime = DateTime.now(); // Value determined at runtime
final randomNumber = Random().nextInt(100); // Value determined at runtime
print("Current Time: $currentTime");
print("Random Number: $randomNumber");
}
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
13
សាកលវិទ'(ល័យ ែប៊លធី អន្តរជាតិ BELTEI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
4. `final` Lists and Maps (Shallow Immutability):
void main() {
final numbers = [1, 2, 3];
numbers.add(4); // Allowed: Modifying the contents is fine
print("Numbers: $numbers"); // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
final fruits = {"apple": 1, "banana": 2};
fruits["orange"] = 3; // Allowed: Modifying the contents is fine
print("Fruits: $fruits"); // Output: {apple: 1, banana: 2, orange: 3}
// numbers = [4, 5, 6]; // Compile-time error: Cannot reassign the final variable 'numbers'.
}
5. `final` and `const` Comparison (Key Difference):
void main() {
const compileTimeConstant = 10; // Value known at compile time
final runTimeConstant = DateTime.now(); // Value known at runtime
print("Compile-time Constant: $compileTimeConstant");
print("Run-time Constant: $runTimeConstant");
// compileTimeConstant = 20; // Error: Constant variables can't be assigned a value.
// runTimeConstant = DateTime.now(); // Error: Final variables can only be set once.
}
Good Luck!
កសាងអនាគតរបស់េលាកអ្នកក្ន>ងយុគសម័យបេច្ចកវិទ'( | Build Your Digital Career with Us.
14
