UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS:-
UPPER LIMB AMPUTATION:-
Finger amputation represents the highest percentage (78%)
Most amputations involve single digits, with the index, ring, and
long fingers accounting for 75% and the thumb 16%.
Excluding finger amputation, the most common upper limb
amputations are through the forearm (transradial) and humerus
(transhumeral) respectively.
Most civilian limb injuries that result in amputation occur at work
and involve saws or blades.
UPPER LIMB AMPUTATION:-
PROCEDURE PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL UPPER LIMB
AMPUTATION PROCEDURES
PERFORMED
Amputation through the hand 15
Disarticulation through the wrist 10
Amputation through the forearm (transradial) 31
Disarticulation of the elbow 7
Amputation through the humerus (transhumeral) 28
Shoulder disarticulation 7
Forequarter amputation 2
UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS:-
There are four categories of upper limb prosthesis:-
1. Passive system
2. Body-powered system
3. Externally powered system
4. Hybrid system
Passive System:-
Is primarily cosmetic but also functions as a stabilizer.
Consists of a system that do not posses the ability to
actively position a mechanical elbow in space or
actively provide grasp and release function or both.
Body-Powered System:-
Prosthesis uses the patient’s own residual limb or
body strength and ROM to control the prosthesis.
This includes powering the basic functions of
terminal device opening and closing, elbow
movement, and shoulder joint mobilization.
Externally Powered System:-
Uses an outside power source such as battery to
operate the prosthesis.
Hybrid System:-
Uses the patient’s own
muscle strength and joint
movement, as well as an
external supply for power.
MYOELECTRIC PROSTHESIS:-
The prosthetist tries to
identify two independent
signals in a set of
physiologically paired
(agonist and antagonist)
muscles.
MYOELECTRIC PROSTHESIS:-
Advantages and Disadvantages Of
Myoelectric and Body-Powered Devices:-
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
MYOELECTRIC:-
• Do not require a harness or cable. • Higher Initial Cost
• Looks like natural appearing arm • Heavier
• Battery powered so motor strength and • Dependence on battery capacity and
coordinated mobility not as important voltage
• Newer batteries have reduced weight • Higher repair cost
• Provides strong grip force • Dependence on battery life.
BODY-POWERED DEVICES:-
• Lower Initial Cost • Mechanical Appearance
• Lighter • Some people have difficulty using them
• Easier to repair • Dependent on motor strength
• Offer better tension feedback to the body
Active Terminal Devices:-
The TDs most often used for conventional
body-powered prostheses are either a hook or hand
These Includes:-
• Hooks
• Prehensors
• Artificial Hands
• Bionic Hands
Hooks
They are simple in design,
lightweight,
enable efficient grasp,
are durable,
have low maintenance, and
permit visual feedback
that is unavailable with a
mechanical hand.
Prehensor
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Prehensors:-
TYPICAL ADVANTAGES
• Do not look as threatening
• Not as likely to scratch objects
• Not as likely to accidentally get caught on things
TYPICAL DISADVANTAGES:-
• Not as good for picking up and working with small items
• Does not offer as much visual feedback because they are usually bulkier at the end
• Not as good for typing
Bionic Hand:-
