Homework for the 1st week: Systems of linear equations
(1) Which ones of the following equations are linear equations in x1 , x2 and x3 ? √ √ (a) x1 + 5x2 − x3 = 1 (c) πx1 − 2x2 + 13 x3 = 71/3 √ √ (b) x−2 1 + x2 + 8x3 = 5 4− 32 (d) x1 − 3x2 + √5 x3 = 2
(2) The following matrices are the augmented matrices of systems of linear equations in vari- ables x1 , x2 , . . .. Write down the corresponding systems explicitly and solve them.
(3) Solve the following linear systems using Gaussian or Gauss-Jordan (back-substitution) elim- ination. Write clearly all elementary row operations you used.
(a) (d)
x − 2y + z − 4t = 1 x + y + 2z = 0 x + 3y + 7z + 2t = 2 2x + 4y − 3z = 1 x − 12y − 11z − 16t = 5. 3x + 6y − 5z = 0. (e) (b) 2I1 − I2 + 3I3 + 4I4 = 9 2x + 2y + 2z = 0 I1 − 2I3 + 7I4 = 11 −2x + 5y + 2z = 1 3I1 − 3I2 + I3 + 5I4 = 8 8x + y + 4z = −1. 2I1 + I2 + 4I3 + 4I4 = 10. (f) (c) 2u − v =0 x + 2y − t + w = 1 −u + 2v − w =0 3y + z − w = 2 − v + 2w − z = 0 z + 7t = 1. − w + 2z= 5.
(4) For which values of a will the following system have no solutions? Exactly one solution? Infinitely many solutions?
x + 2y − 3z = 4 3x − y + 5z = 2 4x + y + (a2 − 14)z = a + 2. 1 (5) Find all values of λ for which the following homogeneous system of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.
(λ + 2)x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0 −2x1 + (λ − 1)x2 + 6x3 = 0 x1 + 2x2 + λx3 = 0 (6) Let n ≥ 3. Find the reduced row-echelon form of the n×n matrix
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