Detroit Diesel Series 71

The Detroit Diesel Series 71 is a two-stroke diesel

engine series, available in both inline and V Series 71
configurations, manufactured by Detroit Diesel. The
number 71 refers to the nominal displacement per
cylinder in cubic inches, a rounding off of 70.93 cu in
(1.2 L).

Inline models included one, two, three, four and six

cylinders, and the V-types six, eight, 12, 16, and 24
cylinders.

The two largest V units used multiple cylinder heads

Detroit Diesel 6V71
per bank to keep the head size and weight to
Overview
manageable proportions, the V-16 using four heads
from the four-cylinder inline model, and the V-24 Manufacturer Detroit Diesel
using four heads from the inline six-cylinder model. Production 1938–1995
This feature also assisted in reducing the overall cost Layout
of these large engines by maintaining parts
Configuration Multi-cylinder,
commonality with the smaller models.
inline and V-type
Displacement 71 cu in (1.2 L)
History (per cylinder)
Cylinder bore 41⁄4 in (108 mm)
The inline six-cylinder 71 series engine was introduced Piston stroke 5 in (127 mm)
as the initial flagship product of the Detroit Diesel
Cylinder block Cast iron[1]
Engine Division of General Motors in 1938.
material
This engine was in high demand during WWII, Valvetrain Pushrod-operated 2 or
necessitating a dramatic increase in output: about 4 valves per cyl.
57,000 6-71s were used on American landing craft, Valvetrain drive Gears
including 19,000 on LCVPs, about 8,000 on LCM Mk system
3, and about 9,000 in quads on LCIs; and 39,000 were
Compression ratio 18.7:1 (N/A)
used in armor, including 4,000 on Valentine tanks,
17.0:1 (Turbo)
22,000 in double packs on M4A2s, and 11,000 on M10
Combustion
tank destroyers.[2]
Turbocharger On some versions
The V-type first appeared in 1957. Fuel system Unit fuel injection
Fuel type Diesel
Cooling system Water-cooled
Output
Sales of the Series 71 ceased in the summer of 1995, Power output 10–1,600 hp (7–
with the four-stroke Detroit Diesel engine introduced 1,193 kW)
as a replacement. Torque output 299–2,150 lb⋅ft (405–
2,915 N⋅m)
Dimensions
Design
Length 36–79 in (910–
2,010 mm)
Width 29–47 in (740–
1,190 mm)
Height 39–59 in (990–
1,500 mm)
Dry weight 1,525–4,820 lb (692–
2,186 kg)
Detroit Diesel 8V-71T as used in the Chronology
U.S. M109 self-propelled howitzer
Successor Series 92
Series 60
Bore and stroke are the same across all units, at 41⁄4 in
× 5 in (108 mm × 127 mm). Inline models were famously "symmetrical," meaning that the blower,
exhaust, water manifold, starter, and other components could be mounted on either side of the basic block
to fit a particular application. A number of models could also run with the crankshaft turning either
clockwise or counter-clockwise, called "Right Hand" or "Left Hand" rotation engines (as viewed from the
front of the engine). The less-common Left Hand engines were typically used in buses, because the
rotation matched rear-engined transverse installations. Boats equipped with two engines would typically
use one Left Hand and one Right Hand, so that the torque from the propellers would cancel each other
out, without the need for a complex reversing gear on one side.

As a two-stroke diesel engine that does not use crankcase aspiration cannot naturally draw in combustion
air, the blower is inherently necessary to charge the cylinders with air for combustion. The blower also
assists in scavenging spent combustion gasses at the end of the power stroke. All Series 71 engines use
uniflow scavenging, in which a gear-driven Roots blower mounted to the exterior of the engine provides
intake air through cored passages in the engine block and ports in the cylinder walls at slightly greater
than atmospheric pressure. The engine exhausts through pushrod-operated poppet valves in the cylinder
head(s), with either two or four valves per cylinder. Unit fuel injection is employed, one injector per
cylinder, with no high fuel pressure outside of the injector body. The injectors are cycled from the same
gears-driven[3]: 159 camshaft responsible for opening the exhaust valves.

Nomenclature
The first number refers to the number of cylinders in the engine, followed by a hyphen or "V", indicating
inline or vee, respectively, then 71 for the Series designation, referring the nominal displacement per
cylinder in cubic inches (rounding up 70.93 cu in (1.2 L)).

Like most Detroit Diesel two-cycle engines, the 71 Series are equipped with a blower yet still referred to
as "naturally aspirated" (SAE designation). These do not have a model suffix identifier: 6-71 is an inline
6. When the model number includes a suffix, it denotes additional features. Engines equipped with needle
unit fuel injectors and commonly four exhaust valves per cylinder are indicated by the suffix "N", so for
the V8, 8V-71N. Later versions were available with turbochargers, which discharged directly into the
Roots blower intake; these have a "T" suffix, and with aftercooling, a "TA,, so 8V-71T or 8V-71TA. "TT"
indicates Tailored Torque and "TTA" Tailored Torque Aftercooled. These models are designated for
economy (Fuel Squeezer) and constant horsepower ratings.

Applications
The most popular incarnations of the series 71 engine as used for
highway vehicle applications included the inline 6-71, the V-block
6V-71 (both widely used in transit buses) and the 8V-71 V-8. In
addition to motorcoach propulsion, both inline and V types have
found extensive usage in school buses, trucks, fire apparatus,
motor homes, construction[4] and industrial machinery, a few farm
Motor Coach Industries MC-9 bus tractors, commercial fishing vessels, and military vehicles and
powered by a rear-mounted 8V-71 equipment.
Detroit Diesel engine.
The 71 series is very popular in marine applications, not only as a
propulsion engine in small craft (Gray Marine 6-71) but as
auxiliary power to drive generators, winches and other heavy shipboard machinery. The Detroit inline 6-
71 engine, in all of its variations, was also available as a "pancake engine" (here variably called either
6L-71 or 6N-71) for horizontal (underfloor) mount applications, such as on larger Crown and Gillig
school buses and articulated puller transit buses (such as the Crown-Ikarus 286). Many 4-71 engines were
used in various types of construction equipment, such as Galion highway graders.

The six-cylinder version was also used in the Victorian Railways DERM railmotor.

Variants

Detroit Diesel (2 cycle) common model and suffix codes

Model codes Description

L Low profile

V V-block

N Needle Unit Injectors, four exhaust valves (per cylinder)

T Turbocharged

TA Turbocharged Aftercooled (JWAC Jacket Water Aftercooled)

TAC Turbocharged Aftercooled California Certification (JWAC Jacket Water Aftercooled)

TT Tailored Torque (Fuel Squeezer)

TTA Tailored Torque Aftercooled (Fuel Squeezer Plus) (JWAC Jacket Water Aftercooled)

TI Turbocharged Intercooled
TIB Turbocharged Intercooled Bypass Blower
Model Displacement Engine configuration Power

1-71 1.2 L (71 cu in) Single-cylinder 34 hp (25 kW)

2-71 2.3 L (142 cu in) I-2 68 hp (51 kW)

3-71 3.5 L (213 cu in) I-3 113 hp (84 kW)

4-71 4.7 L (284 cu in) I-4 160 hp (119 kW)

6-71 7.0 L (426 cu in) I-6 170 hp (127 kW)

6V-71 7.0 L (426 cu in) V-6 238 hp (177 kW)

8V-71 9.3 L (568 cu in) V-8 318 hp (237 kW)[5]

12V-71 14.0 L (852 cu in) V-12 450 hp (336 kW)

16V-71 18.6 L (1,136 cu in) V-16 635 hp (474 kW)

 Series 71 specifications for selected models
Length ×
Family Model Torque Power Width × Weight
Height

36 in × 29 in
299 lb⋅ft 109 hp × 41 in
1,525 lb
3-71 3-71[6] (405 N⋅m) (81 kW) (0.91 m
(692 kg)
@ 1400 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.74 m
× 1.04 m)

42 in × 29 in
140–152 hp
385–400 lb⋅ft × 42 in
(104– 1,780 lb
4-71[6][7] (522–542 N⋅m)
113 kW)
(1.07 m
(807 kg)
@ 1600 rpm × 0.74 m
@ 2100 rpm
× 1.07 m)
4-71
44 in × 31 in
525 lb⋅ft 190 hp × 44 in
1,830 lb
4-71T[8] (712 N⋅m) (142 kW) (1.12 m
(830 kg)
@ 1400 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.79 m
× 1.12 m)

54 in × 29 in
170–228 hp
600–612 lb⋅ft × 39 in
(127– 2,230 lb
6-71[6][9] (813–830 N⋅m)
170 kW)
(1.37 m
(1,012 kg)
@ 1600 rpm × 0.74 m
@ 2100 rpm
× 0.99 m)

56 in × 32 in
762–801 lb⋅ft 275–285 hp 2,195–
6- × 50 in
(1,033– (205– 2,240 lb
6-71 (1.42 m
71T[8][10] 1,086 N⋅m) 213 kW)
× 0.81 m
(996–
@ 1400 rpm @ 2100 rpm 1,016 kg)
× 1.27 m)
56 in × 32 in
853 lb⋅ft 230 hp × 52 in
2,195 lb
6-71TT[11] (1,157 N⋅m) (172 kW) (1.42 m
(996 kg)
@ 1200 rpm @ 1950 rpm × 0.81 m
× 1.32 m)

41 in × 39 in
6V- 600 lb⋅ft 228 hp × 48 in
2,380 lb
(813 N⋅m) (170 kW) (1.04 m
71[12][13] @ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.99 m
(1,080 kg)
× 1.22 m)
6V-71
41 in × 40 in
725 lb⋅ft 262 hp × 53 in
2,380 lb
6V-71T[13] (983 N⋅m) (195 kW) (1.0 m
(1,080 kg)
@ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 1.0 m
× 1.3 m)
8V-71 47 in × 39 in
800 lb⋅ft 304 hp × 51 in
8V- 2,310 lb
[12][14] (1,085 N⋅m) (227 kW) (1.19 m
71 (1,048 kg)
@ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.99 m
× 1.30 m)

50 in × 40 in
965 lb⋅ft 350 hp × 53 in
2,495 lb
8V-71T[14] (1,308 N⋅m) (261 kW) (1.3 m
(1,132 kg)
@ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 1.0 m
× 1.3 m)
 43 in × 38 in
8V- 1,064 lb⋅ft 370 hp × 49 in
2,415 lb
(1,443 N⋅m) (276 kW) (1.09 m
71TA[15] @ 1200 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.97 m
(1,095 kg)
× 1.24 m)
43 in × 38 in
1,064 lb⋅ft 305 hp × 49 in
8V- 2,415 lb
(1,443 N⋅m) (227 kW) (1.09 m
71TTA[15] @ 1200 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 0.97 m
(1,095 kg)
× 1.24 m)

60 in × 46 in
12V- 1,200 lb⋅ft 456 hp × 58 in
3,210 lb
(1,627 N⋅m) (340 kW) (1.5 m
71[12][16] @ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 1.2 m
(1,456 kg)
× 1.5 m)
12V-71
70 in × 46 in
12V- 1,450 lb⋅ft 525 hp × 55 in
3,550 lb
(1,966 N⋅m) (391 kW) (1.8 m
71T[16] @ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 1.2 m
(1,610 kg)
× 1.4 m)
16V-71 79 in × 47 in
2,150 lb⋅ft 800 hp × 59 in
(two joined 8V71 16V-
(2,915 N⋅m) (597 kW) (2.0 m
4,820 lb
engine blocks) 71TI[17] @ 1600 rpm @ 2100 rpm × 1.2 m
(2,186 kg)
× 1.5 m)
Model numbers

Series 71 sample model numbers

Model Rated gross power

Engine Injectors
numbers kW BHP

25993 1033–5000 81

1033–7000 81
26024 1043–5000 N60 104 140

26024 1043–5000 N65 113 152

4-71 + Torque Converter 1043–5001 N65 113 152

26024 1043–7000 N60 104 140

26024 1043–7000 N65 113 152

4-71T 1043–8300 N75 142 190

26085 1063–5000 N65 170 228

26085 1063–5000 N65 228

6-71 + Torque Converter 1063–5001 N65 170 228

26085 1063–5100 N65 218

1063–7000 228
26085 1063–7000 N65 170 228

26085 1063–7100 N65 218

6-71T 1063–8300 N75 213 285

6-71T 1063–8340 7C75 205 275

6-71TT 1063–8740 7E+75 172 230

6V71 7063–7000 N65 170 228

6V71 + Torque Converter 7063–7001 N65 170 228

6V71T 7063–7300 N75 195 262

8V71 7083–7000 N65 227 304

8V71 + Torque Converter 7083–7001 N65 227 304

8V71 7087–7040 7E+65 227 304

8V71T 7083–7300 N75 261 350

8V71T 7087–7340 N75 350

7087–7344 N65 308

7087–7344 N70 335

8V71TA 7087–7640 7C75 276 370

8V71TT 7087–7340 N75 228 305

8V71TTA 7087–7940 7C75 228 305

 12V71 +Torque Converter 7123–7001 340

Further developments

WWII General Motors 6004/6046 engine

The inline 6-71 was adapted to British requirements as the power plant for Canadian (and later British)
built Valentine tanks where it was known as the GMC 6004, orders being placed in late September
1940.[18]

The 6046 Diesel was a twin engine setup used by U.S. and British tanks and tank destroyers.

The M3A3 (Lee IV/Lee V) and M3A5 (Grant II) variants of the M3 tank
M4A2 variant of the M4 Sherman tank
M10 tank destroyer and the re-gunned British variant, the 17pdr SP Achilles
M36B2 variant of the M36 tank destroyer

Detroit Diesel 6051 quad-71

The Detroit Diesel 6051 quad-71 was a Detroit Diesel Series 6-71 side by side tandem engine setup of
two banks of four engines each driving two propeller shafts in Landing Craft Infantry LCI(L). The eight
engines produced a total of 1,600 bhp (1,193 kW).[19]

Soviet/Russian copies
In the Soviet Union/Russia, various versions of this engine-type were produced at the YaAZ automobile
factory in Yaroslavl.[20] Throughout World War II, the 4-71 engine both in locally assembled form (built
by Lend-Lease provided American industrial equipment) and from U.S.-supplied kits had been used for
Ya-12 light artillery tractors.[21] After 1945, the 4-71 engine entered production in a slightly modified
configuration (deuniversalization, conversion to metric units, a more powerful preheater[22]) to suit the
conditions of the Soviet Union–branded "YaAZ-204".[20] After 1947, the factory used a copy of the 6-71
engine branded "YaAZ-206" in the YaAZ-210 and YaAZ-214 heavy trucks built from 1951 to 1959. The
vehicle production was transferred to KrAZ in Kremenchuk, Ukraine in 1959, where trucks with newer
versions of the YaAZ-206 stood in production until the appearance of the four-stroke V8-engined KrAZ-
255 in 1967.[23][24][25][26][27] Soviet made MAZ-200 <Minskii Automotive Zavod> used a 4-cylinder 2-
stroke diesel engine.

See also
List of Detroit Diesel products

References
1. "71 Series Liner and Cylinder Block Bore Measurements" (https://www.powerlinecomponent
 s.com/literature/detroit_diesel/71_liner_chart.htm). Powerlinecomponents.com. Retrieved
16 February 2019.
2. "Detroit Diesel Division of GM in World War Two" (https://usautoindustryworldwartwo.com/G
eneral%20Motors/detroit-diesel.htm). Retrieved 25 July 2023.
3. Detroit Diesel Series Inline 71 Service Manual 6 SE 177 1984 OCR 913 Pages (https://archi
ve.org/details/detroitdieselseriesinline71servicemanual6se1771984ocr913pages/page/n3/m
ode/2up).
4. "Allis-Chalmers TS-460 motor scraper" (https://contractormag.co.nz/classic-machines/allis-c
halmers-ts-460/). 26 April 2017.
5. Barrington, Steve. "Detroit Diesel 8v-71 manuals and specifications" (https://www.barrington
dieselclub.co.za/detroit/8v71-detroit-diesel.html). Barringtondieselclub.co.za. Retrieved
16 February 2019.
6. "fan-to-flywheel models: 3-71, 4-71, & 6-71" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literatu
re/detroit_diesel/brochures/3_4_671na_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved
17 July 2018.
7. "fan-to-flywheel models: 4-71" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_dies
el/brochures/471na_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
8. "fan-to-flywheel models: 4-71T & 6-71T" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/d
etroit_diesel/brochures/4_671t_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July
2018.
9. "fan-to-flywheel models: 6-71" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_dies
el/brochures/671na_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
10. "truck models: 6-71T" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_diesel/broch
ures/671t_automotive.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
11. "truck models: 6-71TT" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_diesel/broc
hures/671tt_automotive.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
12. "fan-to-flywheel models: 6V-71, 8V-71, & 12V-71" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/lit
erature/detroit_diesel/brochures/6v_8V_12v71na_ind_convtr.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel
Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
13. "fan-to-flywheel models: 6V-71 & 6V-71T" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/
detroit_diesel/brochures/6v71na-t_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July
2018.
14. "fan-to-flywheel models: 8V-71 & 8V-71T" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/
detroit_diesel/brochures/8v71na-t_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July
2018.
15. "8V-71TA & 8V-71TTA" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit_diesel/broc
hures/8v71ta-tta_automotive.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
16. "fan-to-flywheel models: 12V-71 & 12V-71T" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literatu
re/detroit_diesel/brochures/12v71na-t_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved
17 July 2018.
17. "fan-to-flywheel models: 16V-71TI" (https://www.powerlinecomponents.com/literature/detroit
_diesel/brochures/16v71ti_ind.pdf) (PDF). Detroit Diesel Engines. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
18. Engines used by British vehicles (http://www.wwiiequipment.com/index.php?option=com_co
ntent&view=article&id=122:engines-used-by-british-vehicles-during-wwii&catid=49:other-dat
a&Itemid=61)
19. Allied landing craft and ships (http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/ONI/ONI-226/ONI-22
6.pdf) ibiblio.org
20. "YaAZ-204 Diesel engine" (http://xn----7sbb5ahj4aiadq2m.xn--p1ai/guide/army/tr/yaaz204.sh
tml) (in Russian). русская-сила.рф. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
21. "Engines of the Red Army in WW2 - Artillery Tractor Ya-12" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
50924053955/http://www.o5m6.de/ya_12.html). Engines of the Red Army in WW2. 2007-03-
12. Archived from the original (http://www.o5m6.de/ya_12.html) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved
2013-11-22.
22. "Дизельный первенец ярославцев" (http://www.gruzovikpress.ru/article/3169-dizelniy-perv
enets-yaroslavtsev).
23. Andrei Bogomolov. "Oldtimer picture gallery. Trucks. YaAZ" (http://www.autogallery.org.ru/ya
az.htm). Retrieved 2013-11-20.
24. Andrei Bogomolov. "Oldtimer gallery. Trucks. YaAZ-210" (http://www.autogallery.org.ru/yaaz
210.htm). Retrieved 2013-11-20.
25. "KrAZ-219" (http://www.oldrussiancars.com/category/trucks/kraz-219/).
OldRussianCars.com. 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
26. "YaAZ-218" (http://www.oldrussiancars.com/yaaz-218/). OldRussianCars.com. Retrieved
2013-11-20.
27. "KrAZ-222" (http://www.oldrussiancars.com/kraz-222/). OldRussianCars.com. Retrieved
2013-11-20.

Sources
Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, pp.16-29.

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