Worked Example 1
A drilling fluid has been tested with this result.
RPM Dial Reading
600 140
300 98
100 54
3 13
𝜏= Reading x 1.06 x 0.4788
= RPM x 1.703
a. Find Bingham and Power Law constants. (4 marks)
b. Complete the table below (8 marks)
RPM Reading Shear rate Shear stress Shear stress Shear stress
(s^-1) (Pa) (Pa) Bingham (Pa)
Power law
600 140
300 98
100 54
3 13
Constants
a. µ pl = q 600 - q 300 = 140 - 98 = 42 cP
YP = q 300 - µ pl = 98 - 42 = 56 lb / 100 ft 2 = 28.4 Pa
µ pl =
(140 - 98) 0.4788 ×1.06 = 41.710 -3 Pas
(600 - 300) 1.703
YP = t 2 - µ pl × g 2 = 71.06 - 41.07 × 10 -3 × 1022 = 28.4 Pa
n = log (t 2 / t 1 ) / log(g 2 / g 1 ) = 0.51, K = 2.08 Pas - n
c. Table
RPM Reading Shear rate Shear stress Shear stress Shear stress
(s^-1) (Pa) (Pa) (Pa)
Bingham Power law
600 140 1022 71.05 71.03 71.27
300 98 511 49.73 49.71 50.04
100 54 170 27.41 35.50 28.55
3 13 5.1 6.60 28.61 4.77
d. Rheogram
Rheologram
80
70
60
50
Shear stress (Pa)
40
30
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Shear rate (s^-1)
Experiment data Bingham plastic Power law
e.
Worked Example 2.
A drilling fluid has been tested with this result.
RPM Dial Reading
600 140
300 98
100 54
3 13
𝜏= Reading x 1.06 x 0.4788
= RPM x 1.703
a. Find Bingham and Power Law constants, for Bingham both through
Field procedure and standard method. (3 marks)
b. Find pressure loss in a 10 m long 6 ¾” x 12 ¼ “annulus when pumping
at 400 lpm. Use Power Law. Ρmud = 1100 kg/m3. (2 marks)
c. Plot the rheologram (4 marks)
Solutions.
2. P-loss
a. µ pl = q 600 - q 300 = 140 - 98 = 42 cP
YP = q 300 - µ pl = 98 - 42 = 56 lb / 100 ft 2 = 28.4 Pa
µ pl =
(140 - 98) 0.4788 ×1.06 = 41.710 -3 Pas
(600 - 300) 1.703
YP = t 2 - µ pl × g 2 = 71.06 - 41.07 × 10 -3 × 1022 = 28.4 Pa
n = log (t 2 / t 1 ) / log(g 2 / g 1 ) = 0.51, K = 2.08 Pas - n
b. 1. Check NRe = ρvd/µeff à Find µeff = - =140-98=42cp
2. Find Δploss
v = q/A = 0.435 m/s.
n
æ 12v 2n + 1 ö K × d
µ eff = çç × ÷÷ × = 0.4 Pas
è nd 3n ø 12v
rvd
N Re = = 200
µ eff
n
æ 12v 2n + 1 ö L
Dp a = 4 K çç × ÷÷ × = 0.04 ×10 5 Pa
è dh 3n ø d h
c. Rheologram
RPM Reading Shear Shear Shear Shear
rate (s^- stress stress stress
1) (Pa) (Pa) (Pa)
Bingham
Power
law
600 140 1022 71.05 71.03 71.27
300 98 511 49.73 49.71 50.04
100 54 170 27.41 35.50 28.55
3 13 5.1 6.60 28.61 4.77
Rheologram
80
70
60
50
Shear stress (Pa)
40
30
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Shear rate (s^-1)
Experiment data Bingham plastic Power law
Pressure loss supportive equations.
