ACS IBA Engsight ACS IBA Engsight

Analogy

Analogies are common component of the IBA admission test, designed to test your ability
to recognize relationships between words and concepts. At their core, analogies draw
parallels between two sets of items, challenging you to understand how they are
connected and to identify similar connections in other word pairs. This skill goes beyond
mere vocabulary knowledge; it requires a deep understanding of how words function in
relation to each other.

For example, consider the analogy: Tree : Forest :: Star : Galaxy. Here, a tree is part of a
forest just as a star is part of a galaxy. Recognizing this relationship involves
understanding both the meanings of the words and how they are contextually related.

How to approach analogy:

1. Understand the Analogy Structure

Analogies involve pairs of words. Your task is to determine the relationship between
the first pair and then find a pair among the choices that has the same relationship.

The general form is: A : B :: C : D, where you need to identify the relationship
between A and B and then find a pair (C, D) that maintains a similar relationship.

2. Identify the Relationship in the First Pair

Synonym: Words that have similar meanings. For example, happy : joyful.

Antonym: Words that have opposite meanings. For example, hot : cold.

Part-to-Whole: One word is a part of the other. For example, wheel : car.

Function: The word pair shows a functional relationship. For example, pen : write.

Degree: One word is an extreme form of the other. For example, hot : scalding.

3. Apply the Relationship to the Answer Choices

Once you identify the relationship between the first pair, compare it to the answer
choices. Look for a pair that matches the same type of relationship.

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Eliminate choices that do not fit the identified relationship. Pay attention to nuances of an "office" as a whole. An "actor" is portrayed on the "screen," but an "actor" does not
and ensure the relationship is precisely the same. do something as one part of a "screen" as a whole.

4. Check for Subtle Differences

Types of Analogy:
Ensure that the relationship between the second pair of words is as specific and
Analogy questions can be categorized based on the relationships they test:
precise as the relationship in the first pair.

Be cautious of pairs that are close in meaning but don't exactly replicate the 1. Synonym Analogy:

relationship
● The words in the pair are synonyms or have similar meanings.

5. Create a General Sentence Example: Happy: Joyful :: Sad : Melancholy

One successful technique is to create a sentence that expresses a specific relationship

2. Antonym Analogy:
between the stem words, and then replace the original words from your sentence with the
words in the answer choices. You should look for the most simple relationship first. If more ● The words in the pair are antonyms or have opposite meanings.
than one answer choice expresses the same relationship, you might have to revise your
Example: Hot: Cold :: Light : Dark
original sentence to indicate a more explicit connection between the words. For example:
3. Cause and Effect Analogy:
MUSICIAN: ORCHESTRA ::

1. mechanic : car ● One word in the pair causes or results in the other.

2. songwriter : lyrics
Example: Fire: Smoke :: Rain : Flood
3. desk : office
4. player : team 4. Part to Whole Analogy:
5. actor : screen
● One word is a part of the other.
Ask yourself what a musician has to do with an orchestra. A musician plays in an
Example: Finger: Hand :: Wheel : Car
orchestra. Or more specifically, a musician plays an instrument as one part of an orchestra
as a whole. Your general sentence becomes "A ____ does something as one part of a
5. Degree of Intensity Analogy:
____ as a whole." The correct answer is D: A player participates as one part of a team as
a whole. Although answer choice B includes words related to music, the exact relationship ● One word represents a higher degree or intensity of the other.
is not the same as the relationship in the question stem; a "songwriter" does not
Example: Warm: Hot :: Big : Huge
participate as one part of "lyrics" as a whole. Likewise, the remaining answer choices do
not fit logically into the general sentence that you created. A "mechanic" does not do 6. Function Analogy:
something as one part of a "car" as a whole. Although a "desk" might be considered one
part of an "office," a "desk" is an inanimate object, so it does not do something as one part ● The words in the pair have a similar function or purpose.

Example: Hammer: Nail :: Screwdriver : Screw

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7. Classification Analogy:
Practice questions:
● The words in the pair belong to the same category or classification.

Example: Apple: Orange :: Dog : Cat 1. DICTIONARY : WORDS ::

8. Association Analogy: A) library : books

● The words in the pair are often associated with each other. B) map : locations

Example: Bread: Butter :: Tea : Sugar C) calendar : dates

D) paintbrush : colors
9. Action Analogy:
E) guitar : cello
● The words represent actions or verbs.

Example: Run: Jog :: Eat : Nibble

2. FRUSTRATED : IMPATIENT ::

10. Size Analogy: A) angry : hostile

● The words are related to size. B) confused : bewildered

Example: Tiny: Huge :: Small : Large C) happy : joyful

These are some very basic types of analogy. We will get to know a lot more types and see D) scared : terrified
different examples of analogy as we proceed.
E) nervous : calm

However, there might be time when you wont be able to find an answer despite 3. ENDORSE : CANDIDATE ::
using the methods we have discussed so far. Then, use the Process of Elimination
A. sign : affidavit
This strategy is useful if you are unable to find the correct answer using any of the
B. endure : trial
previously mentioned strategies. Look at each answer choice and determine whether you
C. idolize : celebrity
know something about each word in the pair, and use that information to eliminate answer
D. espouse : idea
choices that are clearly incorrect. The process of elimination can be time-consuming, so it
E. devise : plan
should generally be saved for "last-ditch" efforts in selecting the correct answer. You will
probably employ this strategy in conjunction with the others mentioned, eliminating answer [Link] : TALKATIVE ::
choices that do not fit logically into the sentence that you created.
A) timid : bold
To ace analogy questions, we need to do a lot of practice. Thats why lets jump to practice
B) somber : cheerful
a bit.
C) reserved : outgoing
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D) humble : arrogant 9. MASON :: STONE

E) Flagrant : Bad A. soldier : weapon

B. lawyer : law
C. blacksmith : forge

[Link] : JOURNEY :: D. teacher : pupil

E. carpenter : wood
A. assume : debt
B. enumerate : demands 10. INCEPTION :: CONCLUSION

C. banish : doubts
A. departure : arrival
D. juxtapose : positions
B. culmination : upshot
E. clarify : intentions
C. refutation : approval
6. BINDING : BOOK D. approach : return
A. criminal : gang E. escapade : punishment

B. display : museum
C. artist : carpenter
D. nail : hammer 11. PENURY :: MONEY

E. frame : picture
A. starvation : sustenance
B. independence : freedom
7. EXPLORE : DISCOVER
C. infirmity : illness
A. read : skim D. reality : foresight
B. research : learn E. spontaneity : care
C. write : print
12. ARCHIPELAGO :: ISLAND
D. think : relate
E. sleep : wake A. village : hamlet
B. constellation : star
8. MARATHON : RACE :: C. river : sea

A. victory : competition D. finger : hand

B. sprint : finish E. tongue : mouth

C. filibuster : speech
13. PETAL : FLOWER
D. novel : author
E. deposition : question A)salt : pepper

B)tire : bicycle

C)base : ball
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D)sandals : shoes B. furtherance : melancholy

E)puppy : dog C. independence : autonomy

D. tolerance : philanthropy
E. recompense : hilarity
14. PRECISE :: ELABORATION

A. comprehension : understanding
B. revision : correction 19. NEEDLE :: PINE

C. simplification : decoration
A. pin : cloth
D. accuracy : abnormality
B. trunk : tree
E. expurgation : distortion
C. flower : leaf
15. DEFERENCE :: RESPECT D. spine : cactus
E. stalk : root
A. admiration : jealousy
B. condescension : hatred [Link] :: PRAISEWORTHY
C. affection : love
A. pretentious : harmful
D. pretence : truth
B. virulent : innocuous
E. gratitude : charity
C. epidemic : widespread
16. PERENNIAL :: EPHEMERAL D. antiseptic : medicinal
E. admirable : laudable
A. volatile : evanescent
B. mature : ripe [Link] :: CONFIDENCE
C. diurnal : annual
A. obscure : peculiarity
D. permanent : temporary
B. faithful : security
E. majestic : mean
C. submissive : equanimity
17. CONSPICUOUS :: VISIBLE D. fervid : vigor
E. unstable : balance
A. sensual : audible
B. irrevocable : changed [Link] :: DISPLEASURE
C. elastic : stretched
A. hunch : certainty
D. ignominious : denounced
B. fidget : restlessness
E. sensitive : felt
C. pucker : ambivalence
[Link] : HEGEMONY D. squirm : collusion
E. strut : humility
A. romance : sympathy

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[Link] :: SEAL D. central : vitality

E. relevant : pertinence
A. consternation : worry
B. temerity : daring 28. AMBIVALENT :: CERTAIN
C. vanity : hopes
A. indifferent : biased
D. laceration: skin
B. furtive : open
E. incarceration : prison
C. impecunious : voracious
[Link] :: SEPARATE D. discreet : careful
E. munificent : generous
A. desecrate : despoil
B. capitulate : surrender 29. BOAST :: LANGUAGE
C. promulgate : propagate
A. glare : anger
D. vilify : decry
B. swagger : gait
E. join : splinter
C. stare : sight
25. FURNACE :: SLAG D. grow : height
E. enrage : anger
A. vegetable : garbage
B. factory : goods 30. BELITTLE :: DISPARAGE
C. fire : ashes
A. jeopardize : protect
D. automobile : gasoline
B. efface : inscribe
E. silo : grain
C. assuage : increase
26. SALACIOUS :: WHOLESOME D. deride : ridicule
E. decrease : augment
A. religious : private
B. expensive : profligate [Link] :: CLARITY
C. conservative : stoic
A. quiet : volume
D. mendacious : truthful
B. normal : austerity
E. fulsome : generous
C. stagnant : light
[Link] :: FRESHNESS D. scribbled : writing
E. tidy : mind
A. stale : porosity
B. facile : delicacy 32. VIRTUOSO :: ACCOMPLISHED
C. ponderous : lightness A. aesthete : austere
B. servant : servile
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C. hedonist : pretentious E) accuser: indicted

D. priest : orthodox
E. philanthropist : generous
37. BEGUILE :: WILES
[Link] :: APOCRYPHAL
A. encourage : exhortations
A. immune : dangerous B. enlighten : ruses
B. conventional : unorthodox C. ennoble : tirade
C. pious : religious D. deride : incantations
D. eccentric : strange E. delude : elegies
E. reticent : chaotic
[Link] :: FORTITUDE
[Link] :: INDULGE
A. benefactor : generosity
A. subversive : undermine B. heretic : faith
B. diffident : confide C. eccentric : ineptitude
C. profligate : spend D. miser : charity
D. gregarious : participate E. soldier : bravery
E. submissive : assert
[Link] :: VENGEFUL
35. FRAGMENT :: MERGE
A. ameliorate : compassionate
A. engage : marry B. conciliate : flexible
B. loose : tighten C. exacerbate : optimistic
C. splinter : join D. iterate : hopeful
D. mend : rend E. ruminate : woeful
E. diverge : convex
40. SPORADIC :: CONTINUOUS
[Link] : IRKSOME::
A. tranquil : cacophonous
A) salesclerk: courteous B. cathartic : impetuous
C. perennial : eternal
B) expert: proficient
D. fitful : soporific
C) enigma: unexpected E. vicarious : indirect

D) leader: nondescript [Link] :: NARRATE

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A. ruffian : ruffle D. abstain : abstemious

B. comedian : laugh E. enthuse : lukewarm
C. host : entertain
46. ZEALOT :: PASSION
D. spendthrift : hoard
E. recluse : socialise
A. patriarch : tyranny
B. quack : deception
[Link] :: SHOWY
C. sybarite : austerity
A. meretricious : attractive D. libertarian : anarchy
B. gaudy : garish E. sophomore : derision
C. intricate : delicate
[Link] :: FRUGALITY
D. brittle : flexible
E. elegant : urbane
A. stoic : vulnerability
B. jingoist : clarity
43. INNOVATIVE :: TRITE
C. propagandist : indoctrination
A. ingenious : clever D. nomad : transcendence
B. conspicuous : obvious E. expatriate : innovation
C. contumacious : stubborn
48. CHOLERIC :: ANGER
D. arrogant : egotistical
E. adept : incompetent
A. cynic : displeasure
B. gullible : trustworthiness
[Link] :: PEREMPTORY
C. skeptical : doubt
A. gesticulate : magnanimous D. sanguine : pessimism
B. retreat : cowardly E. narcissistic : petulance
C. insist : forceful
[Link] :MOISTURE ::
D. proliferate : free
E. underscore : nonchalant A. deserted : dune

[Link] :: SEDATE B. sandy : water

C. verdant : sunshine
A. congregate : voluble
B. castigate : angry D. tap : drops
C. enshroud : hidden
E. silent : sound

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[Link] : WEALTHY :: C. comprehensive :inclusive

A. autonomy : masses D. virtuous : wholesome

B. oligopoly : president E. admonish : warn

C. plutonium : rich
[Link]: SELF-DENIAL ::
D. theocracy : clergy
A. nationalist : orthodoxy
E. democracy : crowd
B. philanthropist : altruism

C. writer : publication
[Link] :: DULLNESS
D. traitor : allegiance
A. erudite : wisdom
E. general : soldier
B. desultory : error

C. boisterous : calm [Link] : PACIFIC ::

D. cautious : restraint A) sarcastic : pugilistic

E. exalted : elevation B) beauty : peace

C) tempestuous : stormy
[Link] : SATURNINE ::
D) considerate : sympathetic
A. reputable : elusive
E) cacophonous : harmonious
B. antiquated : modern

C. depressed: ecstatic [Link] : DECISIVE ::

D. extemporaneous : impromptu A) laughter : joy

E. disconcerting : prearranged B) agitated : uneasy

C) capricious : fixed
[Link] : MISERLY ::
D) elemental : primary
A. enthusiastic : fanatical
E) biased : judgmental
B. faithful : kind

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[Link] : EUPHORIC :: C. condescend : support

A. upset : irritated D. equivocate : decisive

B. mournful : oblivious E. daring : greed

C. passionate : appreciative
61. DISINTERESTED :: UNBIASED
D. unhappy : miserable A. indulgent : intolerant
B. exhausted : energetic
E. vocal : quiet
C. languid : lethargic
D. unconcerned : involved

[Link]ÏVE :: EXPERIENCE :: E. profligate : flippant

A. unschooled : education 62. VIRULENT :: INNOCUOUS

B. rude : ill-mannered A. pretentious : harmful

B. reprehensible : praiseworthy
C. miserly : money
C. strong : delicate
D. pristine : elegance D. epidemic : widespread
E. antiseptic : medical
E. mournful : humility
63. DESECRATE :: HOLY
[Link] : EQUANIMITY ::
A. despoil : beautiful
A. passion : apathy B. beautify : ugly
C. glamorize : rich
B. solitude : privacy
D. damage : corporeal
C. destiny : randomness E. improve : dull

D. fear : surprise 64. RUSE :: OUTWIT

E. illusory : predictable
A. desire : frustrate
B. fiasco : foil
[Link] : PERNICIOUS :: C. irritant : annoy

A. churlish : boorish D. test : evaluate

E. statute : legalize
B. suspicious : abandonment
65. ESCHEW :: EVIL

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A. foster : child (B) lag:stray

B. ostracize : pariah
(C ) vex : please
C. embroil : argument
D. attenuate : signal (D) earn: desire

E. concatenate : circumstance
(E) recast explain

[Link] : WALK ::

A) gallop : trot [Link]:BELABOR

B) saunter : stroll (A) tend fuss,

C) gyrate : twist (B) refine: lemper

D) amble : path (C) describe: demean

E) baby carriage : walk (D) resemble: portray

67. ACQUIESCENT : REBEL :: (E) contaminate : purge

A) accepting : taking [Link]: MORALITY

B) courteous : rude (A) mistake:probity

C) unctuous : poltergeist (B) invitation: hospitality

D) charismatic : pedant (C)gift: generosity

E) luminosity : lamp (D) presumption: propriety

[Link]:DROWSINESS:: (E) misconception : curiosity

(A) epidemic : contagiousness

(B) vaccine: virus [Link]: BOASTFUL :

(C) laxative : drug (A) cynic :perspicacious

(D) anesthetic : numbness (B)highbrow:grandiloquent

(E) therapy:psychosis (C) exhibitionist :embarrassed

[Link] : REPROACH :: (D) misanthrope :affected

(A) dote :like (E) toady:obsequious

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(C) perimeter: rectangle

(D) height:cylinder
[Link]: FORAGERS :
(E) arc: ellipse
(A) skipping readers

(B) strolling: prisoners

77. HEDONIST:PLEASURE:
(C) weeding :gardeners (A) humanist :pride
(B) ascetic:tolerance
(D) stalking: hunters
(C) stoic; sacrifice
(E) resting:pickers (D) recluse: privacy
(E) idealist : compromise

[Link] : NORM: [Link] :PLACE

(A) landmark: tradition
(A) pessimist: rule
(B) code : solution
(B) extremist:conviction (C) fingerprint. identty
(D) symptom: discasc
(C) criminal: motive
(E) Jargon:profession
(D) deviant:dogma

(E) heretic: orthodoxy 79. MARTIAL : MILITARY

(A) basic : simphistic
(B)' classic. musical

75. PREEN:SELF-SATISFACTION : (C) cosmic : planetary

(D) runic: mystenous
(A) fume: anger (E) endemics patriotic

(B) inhibit:spontaneity
[Link]:SKIN::
(C) regret : guilt
(A) dentist:organs

(D) resent: cooperation (B) optometrist: nerves

(C) oncologist : joints
(E) brood:resolution
(D) cardiologist: bones
(E) podiatrist : feet
76. CIRCUMFERENCE:CIRCLE:
(A) degree: angle
(B) area:cubc 81. UNDERSTUDY :STAR:
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(A) patient.: surgcon (A) tongs : hollow

(B) deputy: sheriff (B) spatula:flat
(C) secretary : executive (C) beater.: tined
(D) clerk : judge (D) cleaver: indented
(E) groom:jockey (E) skewer : rounded

[Link]: PARANOID: [Link] :INJURE:

(A) envious:proud (A) officious : deny
(B) admiring: idolatrous (B) propitious :conjurc
(C) joyous : virtuous (C) audacious :allude
(D) furtive : forthright (D) avaricious:dispel
(E) vicious: deceptive (E) disingenuous:mislead

83. GREENHOUSE: PLANT:: 88. EMBARRASS: MORTIFY :

(A) refrigerator:milk (A) adumbrate: insinuate
(B) well: water (B) indulge:mollycoddle
(C) orchard: fruit (C) aggrandize:venerate
(D) incubator: infant (D) relent : deflate
(E) tank :fuel (E) none of these

[Link]:ASCETIC : [Link]: DISTRAUGHT:

(A) adapt:mutineer (A) annoyed:disillusioned
(B) sacrifice:politician (B) disturbed:interrupted
(C) restrain:libertine (C) covetous:rapacious
(D) defy:traitor (D) outmoded: ostentatious
(E) stint:benefactor (E) tranquil:placid

[Link]:EFFUSIVE: 90. MERCENARY:MONEY :

(A) exult : honest (A) vindictive:revenge
(B) deliberate :secretive (B) scholarly:library
(C) giggle: innocent (C) immaculate:cleanliness
(D) rage:irate (D) thirsty: water
(E) whisper : confidential (E) belligerent:invasion

[Link]: CONCAVE: 91. Indelibility : erasure ::

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A) Impermeability : passage 96. Nurture : child

B) Enumeration : ordering A) Cultivate : crop
C) Illegibility : writing B) Quench : fire
D) Reactiveness : simulation C) Marvel : infant
E) Reflectivity: visibility D) Secure : possession
E) Delimit : obligation
92. Pungent : odor ::
A) Caustic : comment 97. Glimmer : Dazzle
B) Durable : substance A) Delineate: disclaim
C) Constant : period B) Recede : abandon
D) Ominous: threat C) Recite : harangue
E) Excessive : responsibility D) Muse : reflect
E) Murmur : resound
93. Infiltrate : enter
A) Comply : index 98. Hoax: Deceive
B) Invade: assault A) Scandal : villify
C) Allege : prove B) Lottery : disburse
D) Insinuate : say C) Gimmick : wheedle
E) Disclose : announce D) Filibuster : delay
E) Boast : cajole
94. Declamation: grandiloquence
A) Exclamation: importance 99. Ballast : Instability
B) Proclamation: consent A) Buoy : direction
C) Diatribe : abuse B) Purchase : slippage
D) Question : insistence C) Lathe : metal
E) Provocation : betrayal D) Pulley : lever
E) Foundation : building
95. Itinerary : trip
A) Lottery : chance 100. Deport : country
B) Signal : light A) Expel : school
C) Agenda : meeting B) Boycott : store
D) Railroad : transportation C) Confine : prison
E) University : education D) Colonize : frontier
E) Quarantine : hospital

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Answer and explanation Taciturn refers to someone who is quiet or does not speak much, while talkative is
the opposite, describing someone who talks a lot.

Similarly, someone who is reserved tends to be shy or restrained in social

1. A
interactions, while someone who is outgoing is the opposite, being sociable and
The correct analogy is: expressive.

DICTIONARY : WORDS :: LIBRARY : BOOKS 5. B

Explanation: CHRONICLE : JOURNEY :: ENUMERATE : DEMANDS

● A dictionary is a resource that contains a collection of words. ● CHRONICLE is a record of a JOURNEY.

● Similarly, a library is a place that contains a collection of books. ● ENUMERATE is a list of DEMANDS.

2. A
6. E
FRUSTRATED : IMPATIENT :: ANGRY : HOSTILE
BINDING : BOOK

Explanation:
Answer: frame : picture

● Being frustrated often leads a person to become impatient, as frustration typically

Explanation: A binding is a part of a book, just as a frame is a part of a picture.
results from a delay or obstacle.
● Similarly, a person who is angry may become hostile, as hostility is an extreme 7. B
form or expression of anger. EXPLORE : DISCOVER
Answer: research : learn
3. D
Explanation: To explore is to discover, much like to research is to learn.

ENDORSE : CANDIDATE :: ESPOUSE : IDEA

8. C
Here's why:
MARATHON : RACE ::

● To ENDORSE a CANDIDATE means to publicly declare support for them. Answer: filibuster : speech

● To ESPOUSE an IDEA means to adopt or support it. Explanation: A marathon is a long race, just as a filibuster is a prolonged speech.

9. E
4. C MASON : STONE
Answer: carpenter : wood
TACITURN : TALKATIVE :: RESERVED : OUTGOING
Explanation: A mason works with stone, just as a carpenter works with wood.
Explanation:

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10. A. departure : arrival 18. Option C: independence : autonomy

Explanation: Inception is the beginning, and conclusion is the end, much like Explanation: Dominance is synonymous with hegemony, just as independence is
departure is the beginning of a journey and arrival is the end. synonymous with autonomy.

19. Option D: spine : cactus

11. Option A: starvation : sustenance Explanation: A needle is a characteristic part of a pine tree, just as a spine is a
Explanation: Penury is the extreme lack of money, much like starvation is the extreme characteristic part of a cactus.
lack of sustenance.
20. Option B: virulent : innocuous
Explanation: Reprehensible is the opposite of praiseworthy, just as virulent (harmful)
12. Option B: constellation : star is the opposite of innocuous (harmless).
Explanation: An archipelago is a group of islands, just as a constellation is a group of
stars 21. Option E: unstable : balance
Explanation: Diffident means lacking confidence, just as unstable means lacking
balance.
13. Option B: tire : bicycle
Explanation: A petal is a part of a flower, just as a tire is a part of a bicycle. 22. Option B: fidget : restlessness
Explanation: A frown is an expression of displeasure, just as fidgeting is a
14. Option C: simplification : decoration manifestation of restlessness.
Explanation: Precise is the opposite of elaboration, much like simplification is the
opposite of decoration. 23. Option D: laceration : skin
Explanation: A perforation is a hole made in a surface, just as a laceration is a tear in
15. Option C: affection : love the skin.
Explanation: Deference is a form of respect, just as affection is a form of love.
24. Option E: join : splinter
16. Option D: permanent : temporary Explanation: Amalgamate means to combine, while separate means to divide, just as
Explanation: Perennial means long-lasting, while ephemeral means short-lived, join means to come together, and splinter means to break apart.
similar to how permanent contrasts with temporary.
25. Option C: fire : ashes
17. Option E: sensitive : felt Explanation: A furnace produces slag as a byproduct, just as fire produces ashes.
Explanation: Conspicuous means very visible, just as sensitive means easily felt.
26. Option D: mendacious : truthful
Explanation: Salacious is the opposite of wholesome, just as mendacious (deceitful)
is the opposite of truthful.
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27. Option C: just as conventional is the opposite of unorthodox (not conforming to accepted
HACKNEYED : FRESHNESS :: PONDEROUS : LIGHTNESS standards).
34. Option C: profligate : spend
Explanation:
Explanation: Abstemious means avoiding indulgence, just as profligate means

● Hackneyed means something that is overused, clichéd, and lacks freshness. The excessively spending.

relationship here is that "hackneyed" is the absence or opposite of "freshness."

● Similarly, ponderous refers to something heavy or cumbersome, lacking lightness. 35. Option C: splinter : join
The relationship is that "ponderous" is the absence or opposite of "lightness. Explanation: Fragment means to break into pieces, and merge means to combine or
join. Therefore, splinter (to break) is to join (to come together) as a fragment is to
28. Option A: indifferent : biased merge.
Explanation: Ambivalent means having mixed feelings or uncertainty, whereas certain
means having no doubt. Similarly, indifferent means lacking interest or concern, which
36. Option B: expert : proficient
contrasts with biased.
Explanation: Pest is something that is irksome, just as an expert is someone who is
proficient. Both pairs relate to a quality or characteristic of the first term.
29. Option B: swagger : gait
Explanation: To boast is to use a manner of speaking, and to swagger is to use a
37. Option A
particular manner of walking. Therefore, boast is to language as swagger is to gait.
Beguile means to deceive or charm someone in a deceptive way, often using tricks or
cunning strategies known as wiles.
30. Option D: deride : ridicule Similarly, encourage means to give support or motivation to someone, often using
Explanation: To belittle is to disparage, and to deride is to ridicule. Both pairs involve exhortations, which are strong urges or encouragements.
synonyms where one term is another way of expressing the same idea.

38. Option E: soldier : bravery

31. Option D: scribbled : writing Explanation: A stoic is someone who shows fortitude or strength in the face of
Explanation: Incoherent means lacking clarity or organization, just as scribbled means adversity. Similarly, a soldier is someone who embodies bravery.
lacking proper writing quality or coherence.

39. Option B: conciliate : flexible

32. Option E: philanthropist : generous Explanation: Retaliate means to respond with revenge, which is related to being
Explanation: A virtuoso is someone highly accomplished in a specific skill, and a vengeful. Conciliate means to make peace, which relates to being flexible or
philanthropist is someone generous. Therefore, virtuoso is to accomplished as conciliatory.
philanthropist is to generous.

40. Option D: fitful : soporific

33. Option B: conventional : unorthodox Explanation: Sporadic means occurring irregularly or intermittently, whereas
Explanation: Authentic is the opposite of apocryphal (false or of doubtful authenticity), continuous means uninterrupted. Fitful is similar to sporadic in its irregularity, and
soporific means sleep-inducing, which contrasts with constant activity.

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41. Option C: host : entertain 48. Option C: skeptical : doubt

Explanation: A raconteur is someone who narrates stories, just as a host is someone Explanation: Choleric refers to a person who is easily angered, just as skeptical
who entertains. Both pairs relate to roles and their corresponding actions. refers to a person who harbors doubt.

42. Option B: gaudy : garish 49. Option E: silent : sound

Explanation: Awkward (awdry) means showy in a negative sense, similar to how Explanation: Arid means lacking moisture, and its opposite is moist. Similarly,
gaudy means showy in a tasteless way and garish is an intense version of that. silent means lacking sound, and its opposite is sound.

43. Option E: adept : incompetent 50. Option D

Explanation: Innovative means new and creative, whereas trite means overused and
PLUTOCRACY : WEALTHY :: THEOCRACY : CLERGY
lacking originality. Similarly, adept means skilled, while incompetent means lacking
skill. Explanation:

● Plutocracy is a form of government where the wealthy or rich people hold power.
44. Option C: insist : forceful
● Similarly, theocracy is a form of government where the clergy or religious leaders
Explanation: Command implies authority and is often associated with being
hold power.
peremptory (decisive and commanding). Similarly, insist implies a strong assertion and
is often associated with being forceful.
51. Option C: boisterous : calm
Explanation: Scintillating means lively and sparkling, which contrasts with
45. D. abstain : abstemious dullness. Similarly, boisterous means noisy and lively, which contrasts with calm.

"Abstain" means to refrain from doing something, especially something enjoyable or

harmful. "Abstemious" means not excessive in eating or drinking. This pair has a 52. D
similar relationship to "carouse" and "sedate," as both pairs involve opposite Morose describes someone who is gloomy or melancholy; saturnine is synonymous with

actions or qualities. [Link] and impromptu are synonyms; both words describe action that is
spoken or performed with little preparation, unrehearsed.
46. Option B: quack : deception
Explanation: A zealot is someone with extreme passion for a cause, just as a 53. Option A: enthusiastic : fanatical
quack is someone who practices deception, often falsely claiming expertise. Explanation: Thrifty means being careful with money, while miserly means
excessively frugal or stingy. Similarly, enthusiastic means showing excitement,
47. Option A: stoic : vulnerability while fanatical means having excessive enthusiasm.
Explanation: A philanthropist is someone who is generous, which contrasts with
frugality (being economical). Similarly, a stoic is someone who shows little emotion 54. Option B: philanthropist : altruism
or vulnerability, contrasting with the concept of vulnerability. Explanation: An ascetic practices self-denial as a core principle, similar to how a
philanthropist practices altruism as a core principle.

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55. Option E: cacophonous : harmonious 62. Option B: reprehensible : praiseworthy

Explanation: Bellicose means aggressive, and pacific means peaceful. Similarly, Explanation: Virulent means extremely harmful, whereas innocuous means harmless.
cacophonous means harsh-sounding, and harmonious means pleasant-sounding. Similarly, reprehensible means deserving criticism, while praiseworthy means
deserving praise.
56. Option C: capricious : fixed
Explanation: Fickle means changeable, while decisive means firm and unchanging. 63. Option A: despoil : beautiful
Similarly, capricious means unpredictable, while fixed means stable and unchanging. Explanation: Desecrate means to violate or damage something sacred, while holy
refers to something sacred. Similarly, despoil means to ruin or damage something
57. Option D: unhappy : miserable beautiful.
Explanation: Content means satisfied, and euphoric means extremely happy.
Similarly, unhappy means not happy, and miserable means extremely unhappy. 64. Option E: statute : legalize is a strong choice.

Explanation: A ruse is a trick designed to outwit someone, and similarly, a statute is a

58. Option A: unschooled : education
law created to legalize or regulate actions. Both pairs involve an action and its formal
Explanation: Naïve indicates a lack of experience, similar to how unschooled
or regulatory counterpart.
indicates a lack of education.

65. Option B: ostracize : pariah is more accurate.

59. Option B: solitude : privacy
Explanation: To eschew means to avoid, and similarly, to ostracize means to
Explanation: Composure and equanimity both relate to maintaining calmness and
exclude someone. A pariah is someone who is ostracized, just as someone who
mental stability. Similarly, solitude and privacy both relate to being alone and having
eschews evil avoids it.
personal space.

66. Option C: gyrate : twist

60. Option A: churlish : boorish Explanation: To perambulate means to walk or wander around. Similarly, to gyrate
Explanation: Deadly and pernicious both describe something harmful, with pernicious means to twist or spin. Both pairs describe a more specific type of movement.
being an intensified form of harmful. Similarly, churlish and boorish both describe
someone who is rude or socially unacceptable, with boorish being a stronger term for
67. Option B: courteous : rude
the same quality.
Explanation: Acquiescent means compliant or passive, and rebel means someone
who resists authority. Similarly, courteous is the opposite of rude.
61. Option C: languid : lethargic
Explanation: Disinterested means having no personal interest or bias, which is
68. Option D: anesthetic : numbness
similar to being unbiased. Similarly, languid and lethargic both describe a state of
Explanation: A sedative induces drowsiness, and similarly, an anesthetic induces
weakness or tiredness, with languid being a more specific or less intense term for
numbness. Both pairs involve substances that produce specific effects.
lethargic.
69. Option A: dote : like

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Explanation: To upbraid is to reproach or criticize someone, which is similar to related to a rectangle. Both pairs describe the measure around a specific shape.
how "dote" (to show excessive affection) is to "like" (to have affection for). Both
pairs involve an action and its related emotion or feeling. 77. Option D: recluse : privacy
Explanation: A hedonist seeks pleasure, and similarly, a recluse seeks privacy. Both
70. Option A: tend : fuss
pairs describe a person characterized by a specific pursuit or preference.
Explanation: To assert means to state firmly, while to belabor means to explain or
78. Option E: jargon : profession
discuss something in detail. Similarly, to tend means to care for, while to fuss means to
Explanation: Vernacular is specific to a place, and similarly, jargon is specific to a
show unnecessary concern or worry.
profession. Both pairs involve specialized language related to a particular context.

71. Option D: presumption : propriety

79. Option D: runic : mysterious
Explanation: A transgression is a violation of morality. Similarly, presumption is a
Explanation: Martial pertains to the military, and similarly, runic pertains to
violation of propriety or social norms.
something mysterious. Both pairs describe a quality or association with a specific
domain.
72. Option E: toady : obsequious
Explanation: A blowhard is someone who is boastful, and similarly, a toady is
80. Option E: podiatrist : feet
someone who is obsequious or excessively flattering. Both pairs describe a person
Explanation: A dermatologist specializes in skin, and similarly, a podiatrist specializes
characterized by a specific trait.
in feet.

73. Option D: stalking : hunters

81. Option B: deputy : sheriff
Explanation: Grazing is an activity of foragers, and similarly, stalking is an activity of
Explanation: An understudy is a backup for a star, just as a deputy is a backup for a
hunters. Both pairs describe an action associated with a particular type of person.
sheriff.

74. Option E: heretic : orthodoxy

82. Option B: admiring : idolatrous
Explanation: A nonconformist goes against norms, and similarly, a heretic goes
Explanation: Suspicious is a less extreme form of paranoid, and admiring is a less
against orthodoxy. Both pairs involve a person who challenges or rejects established
extreme form of idolatrous.
standards.

83. Option D: incubator : infant

75. Option A: fume : anger
Explanation: A greenhouse is used for growing plants, similarly, an incubator is used
Explanation: To preen is to engage in self-satisfaction, while to fume is to display
for nurturing infants.
anger. Both pairs describe actions related to specific emotions or states.

84. Option C: restrain : libertine

76. Option C: perimeter : rectangle
Explanation: To indulge is the opposite of being an ascetic (one who practices self-
Explanation: Circumference is related to a circle in the same way that perimeter is
denial), similarly, to restrain is the opposite of being a libertine (one who indulges in

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excess). "Covetous" and "rapacious" both relate to an extreme desire for something, where
"rapacious" is a more intense form of "covetous," similar to how "distraught" is a more
85. Option C intense form of "troubled."

GUSH : EFFUSIVE
Gush is an example of being effusive, as effusive means expressing feelings 90. Option A
or emotions in an unrestrained way.
MERCENARY : MONEY A mercenary is someone who works for money. The relationship
Giggle : Innocent is about motivation or driving force.
A giggle is often associated with being innocent, as it is typically a light,
carefree response.
A vindictive person is driven by revenge, similar to how a mercenary is driven by
Given this relationship, Option C: giggle : innocent money.

86. Option B: spatula : flat 91. A

Explanation: A scoop has a concave shape, and a spatula is flat, which contrasts with
Indelibility : erasure
the shape.
Indelibility means the quality of being unable to be erased, so it is related to erasure in a
way that it cannot be erased.
87. Option E: disingenuous : mislead
Explanation: Pernicious means harmful and can injure, similarly, disingenuous means ● Answer: Impermeability : passage
deceitful and can mislead. Impermeability means the quality of being unable to allow passage, so it is related to
passage in a way that it cannot pass through.
88. Option D
92. A
embarrass and mortify are related such that mortify is a more extreme or intense form of
embarrassment. Pungent : odor
Pungent is a descriptor for an intense odor.
● Answer: D. relent : deflate
● Answer: Caustic : comment
"Relent" can mean to become less severe, and "deflate" can mean to reduce in intensity, Caustic describes a comment that is sharply critical or sarcastic, similar to how
which parallels how "mortify" is a more intense form of "embarrass." pungent describes an intense odor.

93. D
89. Option C
Infiltrate : enter
Troubled" and "distraught" are related in that "distraught" is a more extreme or severe To infiltrate is to enter stealthily or secretly.
state of being troubled.

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● Answer: Insinuate : say ● Answer: Murmur : resound

To insinuate is to suggest or imply something subtly or indirectly, which is a manner A murmur is a soft, low sound, while to resound is to echo or be loud. Both involve
of saying something. different intensities of sound.

98. Option D
94. Option C
Hoax: Deceive
Declamation : grandiloquence
A hoax is intended to deceive.
Declamation is a type of speech characterized by grandiloquence, which means lofty or
extravagant language. ● Answer: Filibuster : delay
A filibuster is a tactic used to delay or obstruct legislative processes, similar to how
● Answer: Diatribe : abuse
a hoax is meant to deceive.
A diatribe is a bitter or abusive speech or piece of writing, similar to how
grandiloquence characterizes declamation. 99. Option B

95. Option C Ballast is used to prevent instability in a ship or other object.

Itinerary : trip Purchase is used to prevent slippage in a mechanical system.

An itinerary is a plan or schedule for a trip.
Therefore, the relationship between ballast and instability is similar to the relationship
● Answer: Agenda : meeting between purchase and slippage.
An agenda is a plan or list of items for a meeting, similar to how an itinerary is for a
trip.

96. Option A 100. Option A

Nurture : child Deport : country

To nurture means to care for and encourage the growth of a child. To deport is to expel someone from a country.

● Answer: Cultivate : crop ● Answer: Expel : school

To cultivate means to prepare and use land for growing crops, similar to how nurturing To expel is to remove someone from a school, similar to how deport involves

involves caring for a child. removal from a country.

97. Option E

Glimmer : Dazzle
A glimmer is a faint or wavering light, while dazzle is an intense, bright light. The
relationship is one of degree.

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