All 15 python codes with explanation and output

1) Here is a python programme to guess a number from

between 1 to 10 import random
number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 10)
guess = None
while guess != number_to_guess:
guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 10: "))
print("You won!")

# Execution of the code by line by line

#Generate a random number:
number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 10)
*This generates a random number between 1 and 10 (inclusive).*
# Initialize the variable:
guess = None
*guess is initialized to None so it doesn't match number_to_guess at the start.*
# Set up a loop
while guess != number_to_guess:
*The loop continues as long as the guess does not equal the randomly generated number.*
# Take user input:
guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 10: "))
*The program asks the user for a guess, which is converted to an integer.*
# End the game
print("You won!")
*When the user guesses the correct number, the loop exits, and the program congratulates the user.*
import random
choices = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]

2) Python code for basic "Rock, Paper, Scissors" game, where a user competes against the
computer

Code:-
computer_choice = random.choice(choices)
user_choice = input("Enter rock, paper, or scissors: ")
if user_choice == computer_choice:
print("Tie!")
elif (user_choice == "rock" and computer_choice == "scissors") or \
(user_choice == "scissors" and computer_choice == "paper") or \
(user_choice == "paper" and computer_choice == "rock"):
print("You win!")
else:
print("Computer wins!")

Code Functionality:

1. Random Choice for the Computer:

o The computer randomly selects one of the three options: "rock", "paper", or "scissors".
2. User Input:
o The user inputs their choice.
3. Comparison Logic:
o If the user's choice matches the computer's, the result is a tie.
o If the user's choice beats the computer's according to the game rules, the user wins.
o Otherwise, the computer wins.
Sample Output:

If the user enters "rock" and the computer chooses "scissors",

the output will be:
You win!
If both choose "paper",
the output will be:
Tie!
If the user enters "scissors" and the computer selects "rock",
the output will be:
Computer wins!

3) Python calculator program that performs basic arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. It takes user input to choose the operation and the numbers to
operate on.
def add(x, y):
return x + y
def subtract(x, y):
return x - y
def multiply(x, y):
return x * y
def divide(x, y):
if y == 0:
return "Error: Division by zero"
return x / y
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")
choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
if choice == '1':
print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))
elif choice == '2':
print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))
elif choice == '3':
print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))
elif choice == '4':
print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))
else:
print("Invalid choice")

How It Works:

1. Functions for Operations:

o The program defines four functions (add, subtract, multiply, divide) to handle the respective
operations.
o The divide function includes a check to prevent division by zero.
2. User Interaction:
o The user selects an operation by enterin0g a number (1-4) corresponding to the desired operation.
o The program then asks for two numbers to perform the chosen operation.
3. Conditional Execution:
o Based on the user's choice, the program calls the corresponding function and prints the result.
o An invalid choice triggers an error message.
Sample Output Scenarios:

Valid Input:

If the user enters 1 (Add), 5 (first number), and 3 (second number):

5.0 + 3.0 = 8.0
If the user enters 4 (Divide), 6 (first number), and 0 (second number):
6.0 / 0.0 = Error: Division by zero
Invalid Input:
If the user enters 5 as the choice:
Invalid choice

4) Python programme to generates the Fibonacci sequence up to the specified number of terms
(n).
n = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
a, b = 0, 1
for i in range(n):
print(a)
a, b = b, a + b

Code Explanation:

1. User Input:
o The program prompts the user to enter the number of terms (n) for the Fibonacci sequence.
2. Initial Values:
o The first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence are initialized: a = 0 and b = 1.
3. Loop to Generate the Sequence:
o A for loop iterates n times.
o In each iteration:
 The current term (a) is printed.
 The next term is computed by updating a and b to b and a + b, respectively.

Sample Output:

Input:
Enter number of terms: 6
Output:
0
1
1
2
3
5

5) Python programme to check if a number is prime or not

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
break
else:
print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
How the Code Works:

1. User Input:
o The program prompts the user to input a number.
2. Prime Number Definition:
o A prime number is greater than 1 and only divisible by 1 and itself.
3. Logic:
o If the number is greater than 1:
 The program iterates from 2 to num-1 using a for loop.
 If any number in this range divides num evenly (remainder is 0), the number is not prime,
and the loop exits with a break.
 If the loop completes without finding a divisor, the else block executes, confirming that the
number is prime.
o If the number is 1 or less, it is directly declared not a prime number.

Sample Output:
Input:
Enter a number: 7
Output:
7 is a prime number
Input:
Enter a number: 10
Output:
10 is not a prime number

6) Python dictionaries, including accessing, modifying, and adding data

student = {
"name": "John",
"age": 20,
"grades": [90, 85, 95]
}
print(student)
print(student["name"])
print(student.get("age"))
student["country"] = "USA"
print(student)
code demonstrates basic operations with Python dictionaries, including accessing, modifying, and adding data.
Here's a breakdown:

Code Explanation:

1. Dictionary Initialization:
o A dictionary student is created with the following key-value pairs:
 "name": "John"
 "age": 20
 "grades": [90, 85, 95]
2. Accessing the Entire Dictionary:
o print(student) displays the full dictionary content.
3. Accessing Specific Values:
o print(student["name"]): Directly retrieves the value of the "name" key.
o print(student.get("age")): Uses the get() method to fetch the value of "age". This method is
safer because it returns None instead of raising a KeyError if the key does not exist.
4. Adding a New Key-Value Pair:
o student["country"] = "USA" adds a new key "country" with the value "USA" to the dictionary.
5. Displaying the Updated Dictionary:
o The final print(student) shows the modified dictionary.
Sample Output:
{'name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'grades': [90, 85, 95]}
John
20
{'name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'grades': [90, 85, 95], 'country': 'USA'}

Enhancements:

1. Using get() with Default Value:

o If you access a key that might not exist, you can provide a default value:
2. print(student.get("major", "Not specified"))

Output:

Not specified

3. Updating Existing Values:

o You can modify an existing key's value:
4. student["age"] = 21
5. print(student)

Output:

{'name': 'John', 'age': 21, 'grades': [90, 85, 95], 'country': 'USA'}

6. Removing a Key:
o Use pop() to remove a key-value pair:
7. student.pop("country")
8. print(student)

Output:

{'name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'grades': [90, 85, 95]}

9. Iterating Over a Dictionary:

o Display all keys and values:
10. for key, value in student.items():
11. print(f"{key}: {value}")

Output:

name: John
age: 20
grades: [90, 85, 95]
country: USA

12. Adding Multiple Entries:

o Use update() to add or update multiple key-value pairs:
13. student.update({"major": "Computer Science", "year": "Sophomore"})
14. print(student)

Output:

{'name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'grades': [90, 85, 95], 'country': 'USA', 'major':
'Computer Science', 'year': 'Sophomore'}
7) Python task management program with added functionality

todos = []

while True:

print("\n=== Task Manager ===")

print("1. Add task")

print("2. View tasks")

print("3. Exit")

choice = input("Enter choice: ")

if choice == '1':

task = input("Enter task: ").strip()

if task:

todos.append(task)

print(f"Task '{task}' added successfully!")

else:

print("Task cannot be empty.")

elif choice == '2':

if todos:

print("\nYour tasks:")

for idx, task in enumerate(todos, start=1):

print(f"{idx}. {task}")

else:

print("No tasks available.")

elif choice == '3':

print("Exiting Task Manager. Goodbye!")

break

else:

print("Invalid choice. Please enter 1, 2, or 3.")

Code Improvements:

1. Enhanced Display for Tasks:

o Format the task list for readability.
o Handle the case when there are no tasks.
2. Task Numbering:
o Number tasks when displaying them.
3. Edge Cases:
o Validate user input for better error handling.
Sample Output:

When Adding a Task:

=== Task Manager ===

1. Add task
2. View tasks
3. Exit
Enter choice: 1
Enter task: Buy groceries
Task 'Buy groceries' added successfully!

When Viewing Tasks:

=== Task Manager ===

1. Add task
2. View tasks
3. Exit
Enter choice: 2

Your tasks:
1. Buy groceries

When No Tasks Are Available:

=== Task Manager ===

1. Add task
2. View tasks
3. Exit
Enter choice: 2
No tasks available.

When Exiting:

=== Task Manager ===

1. Add task
2. View tasks
3. Exit
Enter choice: 3
Exiting Task Manager. Goodbye!

8) Write a python programme to checks whether a given string is a palindrome or not.

def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]
string = input("Enter a string: ")
if is_palindrome(string):
print(string, "is a palindrome")
else:
print(string, "is not a palindrome")

The is_palindrome function compares the string s with its reverse (s[::-1]) and returns True if they are the same.

It uses the input function to take a string from the user.

It checks if the input string is a palindrome using the is_palindrome function and prints the appropriate message.

Output:

Enter a string: hello

> hello is not a palindrome

9. Data Analysis with Pandas
import pandas as pd
data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],
'Age': [25, 30, 28]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)
print(df.head())
print(df.describe())

Explanation and Output:

1. print(df)

This prints the entire DataFrame df.

Output:

Name Age
0 Alice 25
1 Bob 30
2 Charlie 28

2. print(df.head())

The head() method prints the first 5 rows of the DataFrame. Since this DataFrame has only 3 rows, it will print all
of them.

Output:

Name Age
0 Alice 25
1 Bob 30
2 Charlie 28

3. print(df.describe())

The describe() method provides summary statistics for numeric columns (e.g., Age).

Output:

Age
count 3.000000
mean 27.666667
std 2.516611
min 25.000000
25% 26.500000
50% 28.000000
75% 29.000000
max 30.000000

Summary:

 The DataFrame contains names and ages of three people.

 The head() method displays the first few rows of the DataFrame.
 The describe() method calculates statistical details like mean, standard deviation, minimum, and
maximum for numeric columns.
10. Python programme to print all the prime numbers between the given range.
lower = int(input("Enter lower range: "))
upper = int(input("Enter upper range: "))
print("Prime numbers between", lower, "and", upper, "are:")
for num in range(lower, upper + 1):
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)
program correctly identifies and prints all prime numbers in the specified range.

Enter lower range: 10

Enter upper range: 50
Prime numbers between 10 and 50 are:
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47

11. Programe File Input/Output (data handling)

with open("file.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, World!")
with open("file.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.read())
code meaning
with open("file.txt", "w") as f: # Open 'file.txt' in write mode

f.write("Hello, World!") # Write "Hello, World!" to the file

with open("file.txt", "r") as f: # Open 'file.txt' in read mode

print(f.read()) # Read and print the contents of the file

code demonstrates how to write to a file and then read its contents in Python. Here's a detailed explanation and
example of how it works:
Explanation:

1. File Writing:
o The with open("file.txt", "w") as f: line opens a file named file.txt in write mode ("w").
o If file.txt does not exist, it is created. If it exists, its content is overwritten.
o The f.write("Hello, World!") line writes "Hello, World!" to the file.
2. File Reading:
o The with open("file.txt", "r") as f: line opens the same file in read mode ("r").
o The f.read() method reads the file's content, which is then printed.
3. The with Statement:
o Automatically closes the file after the block of code is executed, ensuring resources are released
properly.

Output:
Hello, World!

12. Remove Duplicates

Write a Python program to remove duplicate elements from a list
def remove_duplicates(numbers):
unique_numbers = []
for num in numbers:
if num not in unique_numbers:
unique_numbers.append(num)
return unique_numbers
# Example usage:
input_list = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4]
output_list = remove_duplicates(input_list)
print(output_list)
function remove_duplicates works perfectly for removing duplicates while maintaining the original order of the
elements in the list

Output:

[10, 20, 30, 40]

13. greatest common divisor and the least common multiple of two integers.
num1=int(input('Enter First Number: ' ))
num2=int(input('Enter Second Number: '))
a=num1
b=num2
lcm=0
while(num2!=0):
temp=num2
num2=num1%num2
num1=temp
gcd=num1
lcm=((a*b)/gcd)
print('\n HCF or GCD of',a, 'and',b,'is=',gcd)
print('\n LCM of',a, 'and',b,'is=',lcm)
program calculates both the GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) and LCM (Least Common Multiple) of two numbers using the
Euclidean algorithm

Enter First Number: 20

Enter Second Number: 40

HCF or GCD of 20 and 40 is= 20

LCM of 20 and 40 is= 40.0

14 code generates a pyramid pattern using asterisks (*).

n = int(input("Enter the number of rows for the pyramid: "))
for i in range(n): # Loop for each row
for j in range(n - i - 1): # Print spaces for alignment
print(" ", end="")
for j in range(i + 1): # Print stars in each row
print("*", end=" ")
print() # Move to the next line after completing a row

Explanation:

1. Outer Loop (for i in range(n)):

o Controls the number of rows.
o The value of i determines the current row (0-indexed).
2. First Inner Loop (for j in range(n - i - 1)):
o Prints spaces (" ") for alignment.
o The number of spaces decreases as i increases.
3. Second Inner Loop (for j in range(i + 1)):
o Prints asterisks (*) followed by a space (" ").
o The number of asterisks increases as i increases.
4. print():
o Moves the cursor to the next line after printing each row.

Sample Execution:
Input:
Enter the number of rows for the pyramid: 5
Output:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

15. Python programme to cheque if the number is equal to the sum of the
cubes of its digits
num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # Input a number
sum = 0
temp = num
# Calculate the sum of the cubes of the digits
while temp > 0:
modulus = temp % 10 # Extract the last digit
sum += modulus ** 3 # Add the cube of the digit to sum
temp //= 10 # Remove the last digit
# Check if the sum is equal to the original number
if sum == num:
print("The number is equal to the sum of the cubes of its digits and it is an Armstrong number.")
else:
print("The number is not equal to the sum of the cubes of its digits and it is not an Armstrong number.")

Explanation:

1. Input: A number is provided by the user.

2. Initialization:
o sum: Used to store the sum of the cubes of the digits.
o temp: A copy of the original number to preserve its value for comparison.
3. Processing:
o The while loop iterates over the digits of the number by repeatedly extracting the last digit
(modulus) using the modulus operator % and dividing by 10 to remove it (temp //= 10).
o For each digit, its cube is added to sum.
4. Comparison:
o After processing all digits, the program checks whether sum is equal to the original number (num).
o If true, it prints that the number is an Armstrong number; otherwise, it states that it is not.

Example Execution:

Input:

Enter a number: 153

Output:

The number is equal to the sum of the cubes of its digits and it is an Armstrong number.