CHAPTER-2

BUILDING DRAWINGS

CONTENTS

 Introduction
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 Drawing for building construction

 Working drawings
 Hatching, symbols and notations
onstruction drawings are prepared so that designers can
communicate their requirements to the contractor in a clear, concise
and unambiguous manner.
They are also used:
 to prepare bill of quantities
 as part of contract document
Building construction drawings:
 Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated
 Clarity is most important
 Written descriptions should be as brief as possible
 Should be Consistent with completeness
 Should be well dimensioned and should be drawn to scale
 The lettering used should be clear
Construction drawings can be prepared:
 By hand assisted by various templates or
 Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)

The use of computer programs in building drawing:

 Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly, precisely, and
efficiently
 Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
 Enables printing to required sizes and color
 It can easily be communicated via networks and e-mails and
integrated with other programs
 Enables to reduce contract time and eases communication between
parties in construction.
 Minimizes the need for storage space
 Drawing Equipment
In order to produce construction drawings manually, items like
drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pencil, ruler, ink, eraser,
various time saving devices such as templates, protractor, T-square,
setsquares, etc. are required.

T-square
Drawing board Set squares French curves
Standard size of drawing papers
Generally it is advisable to use international standard-size papers in
drawings to facilitate filling of drawings.
 Drawing for building construction shall include:
Site plan
Sketch drawings
Working drawings
Detailed drawings
Construction drawings and
Installation drawings

SITE PLAN
A site is a parcel of land which is made up of one, two or more
plots.
A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms of their
owners, locations, elevations, states of development and features
such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.
Components of a site plan
Survey beacons: these are concrete pillars located at principal corners
of the site and at every change in the direction of boundaries. They
define the boundary and area of the site.
Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the site in
relation to a standard reference point known as the bench mark (BM).
Locations which have equal elevations are joined together using
contour lines.
These lines help to define the topography of the land within a
site.
Site orientation: these refer to a system of defining the site in terms
of its direction to the north, south, east and west.
Orientation is important in planning the building area to make
into consideration such factors as the direction of rain, wind and
sun within the site.
Components of a site plan (cont…)
Physical features: these are permanent objects or features
existing within the site or adjoining sites which are used for
referencing or identification of the site.
Ex. Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.

Utilities:
A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for water, electricity
and gas.

The scales used in drawing a site plan are:

For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1; 200
For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500
SITE PLAN (cont…)
SITE PLAN (cont…)

Site plan
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Sketch drawings
 Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing
the general arrangements of buildings.
 They are often drawn free hand in pencils.
 They comprise plans of the most important story, one or more
elevations and cross-section
a of the Building.

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Detailed drawings
 They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending on the
complexity of the building.
 They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.
 They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gutter to
down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, metal and
wood joineries, etc.

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Detailed drawings (cont...)

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Construction drawings
 They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for construction
in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.
 They provide important information for the resident engineer and
foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.
Installation drawings
 Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and drainage
pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.
 For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

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First floor sanitary installation

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Working drawings
They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions given to
avoid the need for taking measurements from scale.
They comprise of all plans and elevations as well as an adequate
number of cross-sections.
The materials to be used for the various parts of the building should
be indicated in different symbols.
They are the most important components of building drawings since
they provide detail information on the internal as well as the
external view of a building.
They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.

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Floor plan drawings
The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a
building that would be seen when the building was cut horizontally
about 1.2m above the floor level.
It provides more specific information about the design of the
building than any other plan.
It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.
The major steps in floor plan drawings preparation are:
 Laying center line of walls,
 Marking window and door openings,
 Marking wall thickness,
 Locating furniture positions,
 Indicating material type,
 Adding measurements and other details.

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Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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Floor plan drawings (cont…)

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Elevation drawings
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a
building.
They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and
final appearance of the exterior of a building.
Elevation d r a w i n g s a r e p r o j e c t e d f r o m t h e f l o o r
p l a n o f a n architectural drawing.
The major steps in projecting elevations are:
 Projecting vertical lines
 Projecting horizontal lines
 Locating roof lines
 Adding elevation symbols
 Providing elevation dimensions
 Description of material used and finishing type

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Elevation drawings (cont…)

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Sectional drawings
Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.
Architectural section drawings are prepared
For the entire structure (full sections) or
For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes through the
building and divides it into sections.
Longitudinal section
Transverse section
Offset section
Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as footings,
window sill, cornice, and gutter line and ridge sections.

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Sectional drawings (cont…)

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Hatchings
The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being
used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.

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Symbols
These are graphical representations and should wherever
possible be drawn to scale
They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and
clearly drawn.

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THANK YOU!

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